GHist chapter 1 handout.pdf

UNDERSTANDING HISTORY CHAPTER 1 Lesson 1: Definition, importance, and how to study history Past of mankind A record of events focusing on the lives of people in a particular place and time. Only available introduction to the human future. A record of man’s development in two stage...

UNDERSTANDING HISTORY CHAPTER 1 Lesson 1: Definition, importance, and how to study history Past of mankind A record of events focusing on the lives of people in a particular place and time. Only available introduction to the human future. A record of man’s development in two stages: Homonization Humanization  Study of past events and also the present History is derived from historia The Greek word "istoria" was originally “ἱστορία” Literally means inquiry or knowledge acquired by investigation Thus, it is a study Without the study of history, this is just an ordinary jar.  History teaches lessons of the past. Lessons of history are valuable. Can we reconstruct History? We cannot reconstruct exactly what have happened. Historians attempt to reconstruct what happened in the past. Evidences are important factors in the reconstruction. Artifacts, ruins, documents, images, accounts, etc. Historical method and Historiography Historical method is process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past (Gottschalk, 1969). Historiography is imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by the process. Also called writing of history. Recreation not creation! Land bridges connecting mainland Asia, Taiwan, Philippines and Malaysia. Aspects of the study According to subject 1. Individual history - Focuses on individual accomplishments, contributions of the individual to the larger historical event/s - biographies 2. Local history - Studies history in a geographically local context and it is often concentrates on the local community. - It incorporates cultural and social aspects of history 3. National history - Its subject is nation, and the object of historical development is the realization of the nation- state. - Collective struggle of people as a nation National history of the Philippines 1. Prehistoric 2. Precolonial 3. Spanish period 4. Revolutionary period 5. American period 6. Japanese period 7. Third Republic 8. Martial law period 9. Post-martial law period until present Bud Dajo Massacre in Jolo March 8, 1906 about 2,000 civilians died Did you know about the Balangiga Massacre mentioned in the SONA? September 28, 1901 resistance in Samar 1 week later the Americans retaliated and order the killing of all people 10 years above. 1902 New York Journal  According to themes 1. Political history - Concerned with records of public events, public institutions, of rulers and government, wars and conquest, including constitutional, administrative, and diplomatic development. 2. Economic history - Deals with how men in the past earned their living, produced goods and services, shared out their proceeds and exchanged their shares. 3. Social history - deals with society itself, particularly: - structures of societies - social change - social movements - groups and classes - conditions of work and ways of life - Families - Households - local communities - Urbanization - Mobility - ethnic groups, etc.  4. Cultural history - Concerned with the development of traditions, customs, arts music, and other cultural institutions, as they come into contact with the outside world. Importance of studying history (Del Rosario et al., 2012) 1. Primary vehicle for socialization, teaching men the past so they may know who they are and what they should be.  2. Basis for development of national identity  3. Contributes to human knowledge  4. Reveals pattern of thoughts and actions from which the present and future might find direction  5. Develops kind of consciousness that determines the quality of social responses to problems Typhoon Haiyan 2013  6. Offers objective basis for laying out the probable blue print of future development  7. Teaches nationalism and patriotism by careful preservation of customs and traditions  Julie Ann Tricia Manalo, Miss Tourism 2017 8. Raises consciousness about people and value of internationalism  9. Teaches elements of justice, rights, liberties and privileges. Relevance of history 1. Relevance to ourselves History nurtures personal and collective identity in a diverse world. People discover their place in time through stories of their families, communities, and nation.  These stories of freedom and equality, injustice and struggle, loss and achievement, and encourage and triumph shape people’s personal values that guide them through life. History teaches vital skills- critical thinking on evidence and argument. 2. Relevance of history to our communities History is the foundation of strong and vibrant communities. A place becomes a community when wrapped in human memory as told through family stories, tribal traditions, and civic commemorations.  History is a catalyst of economic growth. Communities with cultural heritage institutions and a strong sense of character attract talent, increase tourism revenues, enhance business development, and fortify local economies.  3. Relevance of history to our future Helps people envision a better future. Weaving history into discussions about contemporary issues clarifies differing perspectives and misperceptions, reveals complexities and competing views in evidence.  Inspires leaders. Provides our leaders models. Offer direction to contemporary leaders. How should we study History? (Del Rosario et al., 2012) 1. In a framework. 2. With scholarly rigor, authenticity, and accuracy. 3. Strive towards objectivity. 4. Holistic. 5. Studied within context. What are important considerations in studying history? 1. Periodization Unit or chunk of time within which various characteristics of society developed. It shows the connection of details in a given period. 1935 Igorot Chieftain  2. Structure Refers to the elements of institutions of society that are more or less stable and can be analyzed statically. i.e. Catholic church influence 1800s  3. Conjuncture Related incidence precipitated by a major turning point of, birth of a new era, taken together, events can lead to decisive changes. i.e. EDSA revolution Can we revise written history? Historical revision is the process of rewriting history in light of new findings or evidences which were carefully analyzed. New facts and evidences i.e. The last general of the Philippine revolutionary forces to surrender to the American forces was Gen. Miguel Malvar. Documents and evidences reveal that it was Gen. Simeon Ola. Is Historical Revisionism bad or good? It is used to reverse outdated moral judgment. It is good as long as there is evidence that was critically analyzed. What is historical denialism? Historical Negationism Falsification/distortion of history  Uses: 1. Deception 2. Denial 3. Relativization False equivalence Trivialization – make something less important What are characteristics of a good historical account? 1. It is scientific Based on Science 2. It is humanistic It asks questions about things done 3. It is rational It gives answers on the basis evidence 4. It is self-relevatory It begins by knowing something and telling what it knows ` 5. It is analytic An attempt to discover the significant things that happened and why they happened, what caused them and what they have caused in return.  6. It requires numerous and greatly varied knowledge i.e. Luzonensis Philipinensis Distinct features in studying Philippine History 1. Geography as a changing phenomenon, not as an exact boundary. 2. Various structures showing their own directions of movement and change 3. Manifestations of the simultaneous development of people both in the political center and in the abode of tribal peoples. 4. Presentation of a Filipino and not a colonial perspective. Read articles to answer the following: 1. What are historical sources? 2. What are primary and secondary sources?