Global Media Cultures PDF

# GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES ## Globalization Globalization is characterized as an arrangement of various, uneven, and some of the time covering verifiable procedures. These procedures could include financial aspects, governmental issues, and cultures that advance along with media innovation to make th...

# GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES ## Globalization Globalization is characterized as an arrangement of various, uneven, and some of the time covering verifiable procedures. These procedures could include financial aspects, governmental issues, and cultures that advance along with media innovation to make the conditions under which the globe could be perceived as an envisioned network. ## Media MEDIA is the plural frame for medium, a method for passing on something, especially a channel of correspondence. The plural shape media - just came into general flow in the 1920s then later ended up broad communications as individuals were conveying their life through books, radio, and film. Hence media have become essential to globalization. ### Impacts on Cultural Globalization Harvard (2007) cited in his study that media have an important impact on cultural globalization in two mutually interdependent ways: 1. The media provide an extensive transnational transmission of cultural products. 2. They contribute to the formation of communicative networks and social structures. # EVOLUTION OF MEDIA AND GLOBALIZATION ## Oral Communication Speech has been with us for at least 200,000 years. When speech developed into language, *Homo sapiens* had developed a medium that would set them apart from other species and allow them to cover and conquer the world. ## Script As the very first writing script allowed human to communicate and share knowledge and ideas over much larger spaces and across much longer times. Writing has its own evolution and developed from cave paintings, petroglyphs, and hieroglyphs. Early writing systems began to appear after 3000B.C.E with symbols carved into clay tablets to keep account for trade. These cuneiform marks later developed into symbols that represented the syllables languages and eventually led to the creation of alphabets, the scripted letters that represent the smallest sounds of a language. The great civilizations from EGYPT and GREECE to ROME and CHINA were made possible through script. ### Image Description: The image shows three pieces of imagery describing the evolution of writing: - **Cave Paintings:** An image of a cave wall depicting paintings of animals. - **Petroglyphs:** An image of an archeological site: a stone wall with figures, lines and animals carved into the rock. - **Hieroglyphs:** An image of a stone wall with hieroglyphic symbols carved into it. ## Printing Press All histories of media and globalization acknowledge the consequential role of the printing press. With the advent of printing press, first made with movable wooden blocks in China and then with movable metal type by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany, reading material suddenly was cheaply made and easily circulated. Literacy followed, and the literacy of common people was to revolutionize every aspect of life. ## Electronic Media Electronic media refer to any equipment or tool used in communication that require electromagnetic energy - electricity. Examples are telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television. The vast reach of these electronic media continues to open up new avenues in the economic, political and processes of globalization. ## Digital Media Digital media are most often electronic media that rely on digital codes, the long hidden combinations of 0s and 1s that represent information. Phones and television can now be considered digital. The computer is the usual representation of digital media. Access to information around the globe allows people to adopt and adopt new practices in music, sports, education, religion, fashion, cuisine, the arts, and other realms of culture. # CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES ## The Experience of Modernity in a Worldwide Culture A chief element in the analysis of the experience of modernity as both a general form of mentality and a mode of artistic production, is the loosening of time and space from the bonds of locality and tradition. In the globalized reality of high modernity, the disassociation of cultural and social activity from local constraints has drastic consequences: almost all of those institutions during the 19th and 20th century have confirmed a modern structuring of cultural and social experience. ## Socialization and the Development of Cultural Character The media have continuously transformed into a free organization for socialization and the improvement of social character. With a quick extending universal correspondence stream bringing media portrayals of remote societies into neighborhood social situations, the premises of social utilize have changed and social reflexivity has expanded at the level of the person. ## Mediated Communities and Activity Media and correspondence advances as a rule have encourage the arrangement of aggregate groups. They have likewise made conceivable informative and social activity crosswise over time and space. Accompanying to globalization, the development of groups that are solely settled by methods for media societies ( for example music fun clubs, internet talk bunches, and so forth) have been observed. # GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE & MEDIA ## Cultural Carriers Media are the primary carriers of cultural through newspapers, magazines, movies, advertisement, radio, television, internet, and many other. In many cases, these communications are like cultural laboratory experiments. They sometimes result in startling and stunning hybrid creations. But in some cases they result in ignitable and explosive mixtures. Pieterse (2004) cited three outcomes with which to consider the influence of globalization too culture: 1. **Cultural Differentialism** 2. **Cultural Hybridity** 3. **Cultural Convergence** ### Cultural Differentialism Cultural *differentialism* - suggest that cultures are different, strong, and resilient. Distinctive cultures will endure despite globalization and the global reach of American or Western cultural forms. Cultures are destined to clash as globalization continually brings them together. ### Cultural Hybridity Cultural *hybridity* - Notes that globalization will bring about an increasing blend or mixtures of cultures. This combination will result to the creation of new and surprising cultural forms. This outcome is common, desirable, and occurs throughout history, and will occur more so in an era of globalization. ### Cultural Convergence Cultural *convergence* - proposes that globalization will bring about a growing sameness of cultures. A global culture, likely American culture, will overtake many local cultural imperialism, in which the cultures of more developed nations invade and take over the cultures of less developed nations. This result of this process will be a worldwide, homogenized western culture. # Cultural Imperialism Theory ## Cultural Imperialism Theory It is possible to define Cultural Imperialism as "the extension of influence or dominance of one nation's culture over others, (...) through the exportation of cultural commodities” (OED, 2008). However, To wholly understand what Cultural Imperialism is, one must first define "culture” and “imperialism” separately; culture is something that is shared, learned or acquired, and constantly evolving and non-static. Imperialism stems from the word "empire”, and is the extending of a country's power and influence through colonisation, use of military force, or other means (OED, 2014).