Global Media Culture Group 2 - University of Southern Mindanao PDF

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURE Group 2  Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to: 1. Explain and understand the evolution of media 2. Determine how global media influences different culture and effects global integration....

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURE Group 2  Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to: 1. Explain and understand the evolution of media 2. Determine how global media influences different culture and effects global integration. Insert Running Title 2 The media have an important impact on cultural globalization in two: Mutually interdependent ways: first, the media provide an extensive transnational transmission of cultural products and second, they contribute to the formation of communicative networks and social structures (Hjarvard, 1999). Insert Running Title 3  A. EVOLUTION OF MEDIA AND GLOBALIZATION Media is part of everybody's life today and in the past. Development of speech and communication is a great breakthrough in the lives of the people. Lule (2014) gave five periods to the study of globalization and media: oral, script, print, electronic and digital. Insert Running Title 4  EVOLUTION of Media Oral Communication- Language was developed around 1.75millions years ago. Language helps man to settle down, improve social, economic, and political life. Man, through language is not only confined within his territory but created a cross-continental trade which created cities and later, civilization. Script- It is any particular system of writing/ the written means of human communication. First writing was recorded over 4,000 years ago. With its discovery, it makes communication easier, wider in scope and can last longer. Print (Printing Press)- Invented around 4n and 5h century AD. Its discovery led to two important consequences: first, it changed the very nature of knowledge. It preserved and standardized knowledge. Second, it encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority life ability to circuulate different views Insert Running Title 5  Electronic Media- It was introduced in the beginning of 19h centuny This requires electromagnetic energy -e electricity to use. Examples are telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television. In 1973, invention of cellphones dominated the world. Digital Media- Refers to audio. video and photo content that has been encoded (digitally compressed). Computer is considered the must popular and influential digital media to globalization Insert Running Title 6  B. Cultural Globalization Processes refers to the sharing of ideas meanings, hobbies, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge with which people associate their individual and collective cultural identities. is a phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world. Insert Running Title 7  Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications, electronic commerce, popular culture, and international travel, globalization has been seen as a trend toward homogeneity that will eventually make human experience everywhere essentially the same (Watson, 2015), Insert Running Title 8  Hybridization - Jan Pieterse suggested that cultural globalization involves human integration and hybridization, arguing that it is possible to detect cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries. Homogenization - emphasizes the transfiguration of worldwide diversity into a pandemic of Westernized consumer culture. Conflict intensification - "Clash of Civilizations", Samuel Huntington emphasizes the fact that while the world is becoming smaller and interconnected, the interactions between peoples of different cultures enhance the civilization consciousness that in turn invigorate differences. Insert Running Title 9  C. Globalization of Culture and Media The globalization of culture is often chiefly imputed to international mass media. After all contemporary media technologies such as satellite television and the internet have created a steady flow of transactional images that connect audiences worldwide. Insert Running Title 10  THE MASS MEDIA Are seen today as playing a key role in enhancing globalization, facilitating culture exchange and multiple flows of information and image between countries. Insert Running Title 11  AS A RESULT… International flows of information have been largely assisted by the development of global capitalism, new technologies and the increasing commercialization of global television, which has occurred as consequence of the deregulation policies adopted by various countries in Europe and the US in order to permit the proliferation of cable and satellite channels Insert Running Title 12  Deregulation refers to the process of removing or reducing government controls and restrictions on industries or sectors, allowing market forces—such as competition and consumer demand—to dictate the rules of operation. This can involve eliminating regulations that govern pricing, entry barriers, quality standards, or business practices, with the goal of promoting efficiency, innovation, and competition. Insert Running Title 13  EXAMPLE: Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. removed many of these restrictions, allowing airlines to set their own prices and choose their own routes. As a result, the industry became more competitive, leading to lower fares, more choices for consumers, and the growth of low-cost carriers like Southwest Airlines and JetBlue. However, the deregulation also led to consolidation in the industry, with larger airlines merging to compete more effectively, and some concerns about reduced service to less profitable regions. Insert Running Title 14  Through: F_L_ T_ _ _ _IS_ _ N P_ _ _RA_ _ING IN_ER_A_ _ _ _AL _E_S B_ _ _ _CA _ _ _NG _U_ _C N _ _ T_ _ HN_ _ _GI_S Insert Running Title 15  Through: TELEVISION PROGRAMMING FILM INTERNATIONAL NEWS BROADCASTING MUSIC NEW TECHNOLOGIES Insert Running Title 16  D. CULTURAL IMPERIALISM The idea of cultural imperialism (Tomlinson, 2012 ) indicates that one or more cultures are imposing themselves, more or less consciously, on other cultures thereby destroying local culture, in whole, or more likely in part. Cultural imperialism occurs when the traditions and way of life of a group of people, whether an ethnic monitory or an entire nation, are displaced by those of another. Insert Running Title 17 Insert Running Title 18  EXAMPLE 1. Netflix is an excellent representation of American cultural imperialism in the form of media imperialism. It replaced local television in hundreds of countries in the world. Although it offers films and series in local languages it mostly conveys the American way of life and values. Insert Running Title 19  2. AFRICAN LANGUAGES were replaced by European ones after the colonisation of Africa. The same occurred with North and South America, where indigenous languages were replaced by English, and Spanish and Portuguese, respectively. Insert Running Title 20  3.Non-Western cultures particularly from developing countries may give up traditional values and distinct cultural identities because they’re most exposed to Western social media, music, cinema, and the internet. Critiques of cultural imperialism Insert Running Title 21  Critiques of Cultural Imperialism The concept assumed that human beings lack of free will, describing them as mindlessly assimilating what they absorb through media without retaining their own personal frame of reference. Other critics note that while economic aspects of cultural imperialism can be concretely measured, the cultural component is subjective and difficult or impossible to quantify. Insert Running Title 22  THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION Group 2  Intended Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic/chapter, you must be able to: 1. Examine how globalization affects religious practices and beliefs 2. Discuss the characteristics of each type of religious organization 3. Describe the relationship of globalization with the world’s major religions. 24 Insert Running Title  Globalization - refers to the historical process by which all the world's people increasingly come to live in a single social unit. - it implicates religion and religions in several ways from Religious theological perspectives. Insert Running Title 25  Globalization - has played a tremendous role in providing a context for the current considerable revival and the resurgence of Religion Insert Running Title 26 There are three paradigms regarding the role of religion in the Globalization process 1. The Modernist 2. The Post - Modernist 3. The Pre - Modernist Insert Running Title 27  The Modernist - Modernism is a broad artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a rejection of traditional forms and a search for new modes of expression. Insert Running Title 28  The Post - Modernist Considers that there are no universal religious truths or laws rather Insert Running Title 29  The Pre - Modernist sources of authority is in the west, the church being the holders and interpreters of revealed knowledge. Insert Running Title 30  A. Effects of Globalization to Religion Many of the religions have crossed many boundaries, having been spread by immigrants, refugees, aggressors, or by the founders of this country. Finally, cultural differences have changed religious beliefs and traditions within religious practices (Blanco., et al, 2006) Insert Running Title 31  Meknes - Religion and Globalization persistently engage in a flexible relationship in which the former relies on the latter in order to thrive and flourish while at the same time challenging its (globalization) hybridizing effects. Turnes, S. Bryan explains that globalization transforms the generic "religion" into a world system of competing conflicting religions Insert Running Title 32  The challenge of globalization to religion link automatically to the challenges of religion to globalization. To put it in other words, while religion takes caution against the normd and the value related to globalization, it challenges the latter since it (religion) does not approve its hybridizing effects (El Azzouzi 2013) Insert Running Title 33  Why is religion considered as Global? - Religion therefore has always been global, in the sense that religious communities and traditions have always maintained permeable boundaries. Insert Running Title 34  How is globalization a threat to religion? By increasing the threat perception of the masses and raising demands for restrictions on minority religions and for greater religious and cultural homogeneity, globalization creates conditions that lead policymakers to restrict religious activities in their paths Insert Running Title 35  A. Evolution of Media and Globalization Many of the religions have crossed many boundaries, having been spread by immigrants, refugees, aggressors, or by the founders of this country. Finally, cultural differences have changed religious beliefs and traditions within religious practices (Blanco., et al, 2006) Insert Running Title 36  B. TYPES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION Church- is a large bureaucratically organized religious organization that is closely integrated into the larger society Ecclesia- is a large bureaucratic religious organization that is formal part of the state and has most or all a state citizens as its members. Denomination-a large bureaucratic religious organization that is closely integrated into the larger society but is not a formal part of the state. Insert Running Title 37  Sect- a relatively small religious organization that is not closely integrated into the larger society and that often conflicts with at least some of its norms and values. Cult-a small religious organization that is at great odds with the norms and values of larger society. Insert Running Title 38  C. FIVE MAJOR WORLD RELIGION Christianity- is the world's biggest religion, with over 2.1 billion followers world wide.Christians follow the teachings of Jesus Christ in the bible, and Christian holy days include easter and Christmas. Islam- the second largest religion, with over 1.5 billion followers. The Islamic religion is based on the teachings of prophet of muhammad in their holy book quoran. Hinduism- is considered as thr oldest religion in the world and is the world's third largest religion, boasting almost one billion followers, The vedas, upanishads and bhagavad Gita are its most important scriptures. Insert Running Title 39  Buddhism- has more than 350 million followers worldwide, and its followers believe attaining nirvana is the ultimate goal. Judaism- is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, and the religion's text have influenced Christianity and Islam. Insert Running Title 40 THANK YOU! Insert Running Title 41