Globalization and Media: Creating the Global Village

Globalization and Media: Creating the Global Village Jack Lule DeLaSalleUniversity- Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “[T]he medium is the message.” (McLuhan 1964:23) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemp...

Globalization and Media: Creating the Global Village Jack Lule DeLaSalleUniversity- Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “[T]he medium is the message.” (McLuhan 1964:23) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “This is merely to say that the personal and social consequences of any medium— that is, of any extension of ourselves-–result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any technology.” (McLuhan 1964: 23)  “For the “message” of any medium or technology is the change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs. “The railway did not introduce movement or transportation or wheel or road into human society, but it accelerated and enlarged the scale of previous human functions, creating new kinds of cities and new kinds of works and leisure. … “The airplane on the other hand, by accelerating the rate of transportation, tends to dissolve the railway form of city, politics, and association, quite independently of what the airplane is used for.” (McLuhan 1964: 24)  “Let us return to the electric light. Whether the light is being used for brain surgery or night baseball is a matter of indifference. It could be argued that these activities are in some way the “content” of the electric light, since they could not exist without the electric light. This fact merely underlines the point that “the medium is the message” because it is the medium that shapes and controls the scale and form of human association and action. The content or uses of such media are as diverse as they are ineffectual in shaping the form of human association. Indeed, it is only too typical that the “content” of any medium binds us to the character of the medium.” (McLuhan 1964: 24)  The various media of communication are responsible for globalization. Regardless of their contents, media have integrated the world Media as Agents of economically, politically, and culturally. Globalization The evolution globalization cannot be separated from the transformation of media from one form to another. (Lule 2014) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  channel of communication Oral Communication Script What is media? Print “The word is plural for Electronic Media medium – a means of conveying something, such as Digital Media (Lule 2014:366) a channel of communication.” (Lule 2014:365) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Language/speech-form of medium Speech is the oldest form of medium. Homo sapiens started to use speech 200, 000 years ago. (Lule 2014) Speech is a result and an evidence of man’s Oral rationality, the ability which sets him from other animals. (Aristotle) Communication “Language allowed humans to cooperate. … Sharing information about land, water, climate, and weather aided humans’ ability to travel and adapt and to different environments. Sharing information about tools and weapons led to the spread of Globalization technology. Humans eventually moved to every corner of the world, encountering new environments and experiences at each turn.” (Lule 2014: 366, citing Ostler) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  passed to the next generations “Language helped humans move, but it also helped them settle down. Language stored and transmitted important agricultural information across time as one generation Oral passed on its knowledge to the next, leading to the creation of villages and towns. Communication Language also led to markets, the trade of and goods and services, and eventually into cross- continental trade routes. Organized, Globalization permanent, trading centers grew, giving rise to cities.” (Lule 2014: 367) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Script and Globalization script-form of communication written and permanent codes - “Script – the very first writing – allowed humans to communicate and share knowledge and ideas over much larger spaces and across much longer times.” (Lule 2014: 367) “Script allowed for the written and permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice. These codes could then be spread out over large distances and handed down through time. The great civilizations, from Egypt and Greece to Rome and China, were made possible through script. (Lule 2014: 367, citing Powell). https://www.britannica.com/topic/hieroglyph &  Print and Globalization The printing press started the information revolution, which transformed the economic, political, social, and cultural landscapes of the societies worldwide. (Lule 2014) “Prior to the printing press, the production and copying of written documents was slow, cumbersome, and expensive. The papyrus, parchment, and paper that spread civiliza- tions were the province of a select, powerful few. Reading and writing, too, were practices of the ruling and religious elite. The rich and powerful controlled information.” (Lule 2014: 367) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus papyrus parchment DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  printing press/movable wooden block & morable metal type Print and Globalization “With the advent of the printing press, first made with movable wooden blocks in China and then with movable metal type by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany, reading material suddenly was cheaply made and easily circulated. Millions of books, pamphlets, and flyers were produced, reproduced, and circulated. Literacy followed, and the literacy of common people was to revolutionize every aspect of life. The explosive flow of economic, cultural, and political ideas around the world connected and changed people and cultures in ways never before possible. “ (Lule 2014: 367-368) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Print and Globalization Two Consequences of Print according to Elizabeth Eisenstein “First, the printing press changed the very nature of knowledge. It preserved knowledge, which had been more malleable in oral cultures. It also standardized knowledge, which had become more variable as it spread orally across regions and lands.” “A second consequence: print encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate https://lithub.com/so-gutenberg-didnt- competing views.” (Lule 2014: 368) actually-invent-the-printing-press/ DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Electronic Media and Globalization Electronic media are media that use electromagnetic energy for transmission and access of content. Examples: telegraph, telephone, radio, TV, film Electronic devices Electronic Media - ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Electronic Media -most powerful electronic medium and Globalization - Television is considered to be the most - powerful electronic medium. Through TVs, “The world was brought into the home. The amount, range, and intensity of communication with other lands and cultures occurred in ways simply not possible before. For some scholars, the introduction of television was a defining moment in globalization. Marshall McLuhan proclaimed the world a ‘global village’, largely because of television.” (Lule 2014: 369) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  media that uses internet Digital Media and - - Globalization - Digital media are media that use computers and internet in the transmission and access of content. Digital media include mass media, search engines, and social media (Youtube, Tiktok, Facebook, Twitter, and other apps) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “In the realm of economics, computers allow instantaneous, global trading 24 hours a day. Anyone with a computer has Digital Media access to economic information that just a few years ago was in and Economic the hands of a wealthy few. Too, Globalization computers have revolutionized work in every industry and trade.” (Lule 2014: 369) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “In the realm of politics, computers allow citizens access to information from around the world, even information that Digital Media governments would like to conceal. Blogs, social media, and Political Twitter, text messaging, and Globalization more allow citizens to communicate among them- selves.” (Lule 2014: 369-370) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  “And computers have transformed cultural life. Access to information around the globe allows people to Digital adopt and adapt new practices in 000c music, sports, education, religion, Globalization Goo 6 fashion, cuisine, the arts, and other areas of culture. People talk with and Cultural friends, relations, and even strangers Globalization around the world through Skype, Google Chat, and other programs. Digital media have revolutionized daily life.” (Lule 2014: 370) DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  The revolution in information and communication technology [media] has flattened the world. (Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat) -generations revolution https://physicsworld.com/a/fighting-flat-earth-theory/ DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo Without media, there will be no globalization. DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Indeed, the medium is the message. DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo  Lule Jack (2014). Globalization and Media: Creating the Global Village. In The Sage Handbook of Globalization. Eds: Manfred Steger, Paul Battersby & Joseph Siracusa. Sources: London: Sage Publications Ltd. McLuhan, Marshall (1964). Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man. New York: New American Library. DeLaSalleUniversity-Dasmarinas/TheContemporaryWorld/RommelMazo