Biology Semester Exam Study Guide PDF

Biology Semester Exam Study Guide 1. Which of the following should you do first if you spill a chemical in the lab? Alert others in the immediate area and notify the lab instructor 2. You should always wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals in the lab. TRUE 3. In...

Biology Semester Exam Study Guide 1. Which of the following should you do first if you spill a chemical in the lab? Alert others in the immediate area and notify the lab instructor 2. You should always wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals in the lab. TRUE 3. In the event of a fire in the lab, what is the first step you should take? Alert everyone, pull the fire alarm, and evacuate 4. Which of the following is the correct procedure for handling broken glass in the lab? immediately notify your lab instructor, wear appropriate protective gear, use tools like forceps, tongs, or a dustpan and broom to carefully collect all broken glass pieces, disposing of them in a designated sharps container marked for broken glass; never pick up broken glass with bare hands 5. Eating and drinking in the lab is allowed as long as the chemicals are not hazardous. FALSE - YOU NEVER EAT OR DRINK IN LAB 6. How many milliliters are in 1 liter? 1,000 mL (milliliters) 7. Convert 250 centimeters to meters. 2.5 meters 8. 500 milliliters is equal to how many liters? 0.5 liters 9. How many grams are in 2.5 kilograms? 2,500 grams 10. Convert 5 kilometers to meters. 5,000 meters 11. Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem? Plants, animals, and bacteria 12. What is the main source of energy for most ecosystems on Earth? The Sun 13. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? Temperature, water, and sunlight 14. Which of these describes a producer in an ecosystem? Plants and algae 15. What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem? Break down dead organic compounds 16. Which biome is characterized by low precipitation, high temperatures during the day, and cold nights? The desert 17. Which of the following biomes has the greatest biodiversity? The Tropical Rainforest 18. The primary characteristic of the tundra biome is: Cold Climate - Permafrost 19. Which biome is known for having trees that lose their leaves in winter? Temperate Forest - Deciduous Trees do not lose their leaves 20. Which biome is found near the equator and receives a large amount of rainfall? The Tropical Rainforest 21. Which of the following factors is considered density-dependent? Competition for resources, disease, predators, waste accumulation 22. The carrying capacity of an environment is the: Is the maximum population size that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources, habitat, water and food 23. Exponential growth occurs when the population: When a population grows at a constant rate per time period 24. Which of the following is an example of an invasive species affecting a population? It affects the population by outcompeting native species for resources altering the habitats or introducing diseases leading to a decline in the native population 25. Which term describes a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area? Population 26. Which of the following is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment? Ecology 27. Which of these is an example of a mutualistic relationship? Where both species benefit from the interaction; Bees pollinate flowers while obtaining nectar 28. A food chain shows the flow of energy from: One direction: Starting from the sun providing energy to primary producers (autotrophs) and then to various heterotrophs 29. Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer? Predators of herbivores; snakes, frogs 30. Which of the following processes releases oxygen into the atmosphere? Photosynthesis 31. What is the primary function of photosynthesis? Convert the sun’s energy into molecules of glucose 32. In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? chloroplasts 33. What are the two main products of photosynthesis? Glucose (sugar) and oxygen 34. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the: Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts 35. Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 36. In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 37. Where does cellular respiration take place in a cell? Mitochondria 38. The Krebs cycle takes place in the: Mitochondrial Matrix 39. What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration? Oxygen - 02 40. How many ATP molecules are produced during aerobic cellular respiration? 38 41. In anaerobic respiration, glucose is converted into: Lactic Acid 42. Which of the following occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide is converted into sugar molecules (glucose) 43. In which process is carbon dioxide consumed? During photosynthesis by plants 44. Which process occurs in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Chemiosmosis 45. Which of the following is a by-product of cellular respiration? Carbon dioxide and water 46. Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is true? Requires oxygen, produces ATP, breakdown of glucose being the primary molecule used for fuel, waste products are carbon dioxide and water it is a process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products 47. How does photosynthesis benefit living organisms? providing the primary source of food energy on Earth, converting sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugars that plants produce, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct 48. What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? acts as an electron carrier; essentially, it functions as a "mobile energy storage" molecule transferring energy from light to the process of carbon fixation. 49. Which of the following is true about the Calvin cycle? it uses energy from ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules Location: Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast Inputs: Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADHP Outputs: G3P used to build glucose Also known as: Light-independent reactions 50. What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? To make energy, or ATP for the cell - by breaking down glucose