Biology Semester Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following should you do first if you spill a chemical in the lab?

  • Try to clean up the spill yourself
  • Run out of the lab and call for help
  • Alert others in the immediate area and notify the lab instructor (correct)
  • Ignore it and hope it goes away

    • You should always wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals in the lab.

    True

    In the event of a fire in the lab, what is the first step you should take?

  • Attempt to extinguish the fire using available resources.
  • Stay calm and wait for instructions from the lab instructor.
  • Alert everyone, pull the fire alarm, and evacuate. (correct)
  • Try to contain the fire by closing doors and windows.

    • Which of the following is the correct procedure for handling broken glass in the lab? (Select all that apply)

    <p>immediately notify your lab instructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating and drinking in the lab is allowed as long as the chemicals are not hazardous.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many milliliters are in 1 liter?

    <p>1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convert 250 centimeters to meters.

    <p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    500 milliliters is equal to how many liters?

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many grams are in 2.5 kilograms?

    <p>2,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convert 5 kilometers to meters.

    <p>5,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

    <p>Plants, animals, and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy for most ecosystems on Earth?

    <p>The Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

    <p>Temperature, water, and sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes a producer in an ecosystem?

    <p>Plants and algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

    <p>Break down dead organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by low precipitation, high temperatures during the day, and cold nights?

    <p>Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomes has the greatest biodiversity?

    <p>The Tropical Rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary characteristic of the tundra biome is:

    <p>Cold climate - permafrost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is known for having trees that lose their leaves in winter?

    <p>Temperate Forest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is found near the equator and receives a large amount of rainfall?

    <p>Tropical Rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is considered density-dependent?

    <p>Competition for resources, disease, predators, waste accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carrying capacity of an environment is the:

    <p>Is the maximum population size that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources, habitat, water and food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exponential growth occurs when the population:

    <p>Grows at a constant rate per time period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an invasive species affecting a population?

    <p>A species of fish introduced to a lake, outcompeting native species for food and habitat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

    <p>Where both species benefit from the interaction; Bees pollinate flowers while obtaining nectar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A food chain shows the flow of energy from:

    <p>One direction: Starting from the sun providing energy to primary producers (autotrophs) and then to various heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer?

    <p>Predators of herbivores; snakes, frogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes releases oxygen into the atmosphere?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

    <p>Convert the sun's energy into molecules of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main products of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose (sugar) and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the:

    <p>Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis?

    <p>6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce:

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does cellular respiration take place in a cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle takes place in the:

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxygen - O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced during aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anaerobic respiration, glucose is converted into:

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide is converted into sugar molecules (glucose)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process is carbon dioxide consumed?

    <p>During photosynthesis by plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

    <p>Chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a by-product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is true?

    <p>It is a process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does photosynthesis benefit living organisms?

    <p>Providing the primary source of food energy on Earth, converting sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugars that plants produce, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

    <p>Acts as an electron carrier; essentially, it functions as a &quot;mobile energy storage&quot; molecule transferring energy from light to the process of carbon fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Calvin cycle?

    <p>It uses energy from ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

    <p>To make energy, or ATP for the cell - by breaking down glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biology Semester Exam Study Guide

    • Lab Safety:

      • Alert others and the lab instructor if a chemical spill occurs.
      • Always wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals.
      • Never eat or drink in the laboratory.
      • Immediately notify your lab instructor, wear appropriate protective gear, use tools (forceps, tongs, or a dustpan and broom) to collect broken glass, dispose of broken glass in a designated sharps container, and never pick up broken glass with bare hands.
      • In case of a lab fire: Alert everyone, pull the fire alarm, and evacuate.

    • Units & Conversions:

      • 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters
      • 250 centimeters = 2.5 meters
      • 500 milliliters = 0.5 liters
      • 2.5 kilograms = 2,500 grams
      • 5 kilometers = 5,000 meters

    • Ecosystem Concepts:

      • Biotic factors: Plants, animals, and bacteria
      • Abiotic factors: Temperature, water, and sunlight
      • Producers: Plants and algae
      • Decomposers: Break down dead organic compounds
      • Ecosystem components: The environment, organisms, and their interactions
      • Invasive species: Affect populations by outcompeting native species, altering habitats, and introducing diseases.
      • Carrying capacity: The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.
      • Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
      • Ecology: The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
      • Mutualistic relationship: Where both species benefit from the interaction (e.g., bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar).
      • Secondary consumer: Predators of herbivores (snakes and frogs).
      • Photosynthesis: Plant process that converts sunlight energy into glucose, releasing oxygen.
      • Organelle of photosynthesis: Chloroplasts.
      • Products of photosynthesis: Glucose and oxygen
      • Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): Occurs in stroma of chloroplast.
      • Light-dependent reactions: Takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
      • Cellular respiration: The process by which organisms use glucose to create ATP (energy).
      • By-products of respiration: Carbon Dioxide and Water
      • Location of cellular respiration: Mitochondria
      • Type of Respiration: Aerobic (requires oxygen), or anaerobic (does not). Anaerobic breaks down glucose into lactic acid, which can also create ATP.

    • Biomes:

      • Tropical Rainforest: High biodiversity, abundant rainfall.
      • Temperate Forest: Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter
      • Desert: Characterized by low precipitation, high daytime temps and cold nighttime temps.
      • Tundra: Cold climate, permafrost

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    Biology Semester Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Prepare effectively for your upcoming biology semester exam with this comprehensive study guide. It covers essential topics such as lab safety, units and conversions, and key ecosystem concepts. Master the material to boost your confidence and performance in the exam.

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