2024 Biology Fall Final Study Guide PDF

Biology Fall Final Study Guide Fall 2024 The fall biology final will cover everything we have learned this semester only. Your final is 82 multiple choice questions and you will have 2 hours to complete it. You need a charged chromebook to take th...

Biology Fall Final Study Guide Fall 2024 The fall biology final will cover everything we have learned this semester only. Your final is 82 multiple choice questions and you will have 2 hours to complete it. You need a charged chromebook to take the final. In addition to this study guide, please review your openers, exit tickets, notes, homework assignments, and classwork assignments. Unit 1: Ecosystem Interactions and Energy Question/Vocab Word: Answer: 1. What is the order of organization of ecosystems (i.e from the most specific to the broadest to category) 2. How do most primary producers make their own food? 3. What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? 4. Where does 90% of the energy in a trophic level go? Be able to use the 10% rule. 5. Why can matter be recycled in the biosphere? 6.What is an herbivore, carnivore,and omnivore? 7. Be able to identify a food chain within a food web. What would happen to a food chain if a limiting factor changed (happened)? 8. What is exponential growth and what does it look like on a graph? 10. What is logistic growth and what does it look like on a graph? 11. What is a limiting factor? 12. What are density independent factors? Provide examples. 13. What are density dependent factors? Provide examples. 14. What are sphere interactions? Identify which spheres are interacting in an image. 15. What is carrying capacity? Be able to identify it on a graph. 16. What is an abiotic factor? Include example. 17. What is a biotic factor? Include example. 18. How does biomass change in a food pyramid? 19. How do calories change in a food pyramid? If you have 10,000 calories at the 1st level, how many calories are at level 2, 3, and 4? 20. What is a predator-prey relationship? Unit 2: Earth’s Atmosphere Question/Vocab Word: Answer: 21. What did rusted layers of iron in sedimentary rock tell geologists about the composition of the atmosphere? What evidence do banded iron formations provide? 22. Why is Carbon so important compared to the other elements found in living things? 23. What caused a rapid increase in early earth’s atmospheric oxygen levels? 24. What is half-life? Be able to calculate it. 25. What controls the flow of gasses in a leaf? 26. What type of energy do all living things use to maintain homeostasis? What form is it in? 27. When are the stomata opened? 28. What makes up an ATP molecule? Be able to identify the parts of an ATP molecule on a diagram. 29. Where is most energy stored in an ATP molecule? 30. How is energy released in an ATP molecule? 31. What are autotrophs? 32. What are heterotrophs? 33. Where do plants get the energy they need to start photosynthesis? 34. Where do the light dependent and light independent reactions occur in a chloroplast? 35. Be able to identify the parts in a chloroplast diagram. 36. What are the reactants and products of Reactants: photosynthesis? Products: 37. What is the sequence of the three main events in cellular respiration? Where does each step occur? 38. How does cellular respiration release energy? 39. What are the reactants and products of Reactants: aerobic cellular respiration? Products: 40. Why is cellular respiration considered an aerobic process? 41. In what kinds of organisms does cellular respiration occur? 42. When does lactic acid fermentation occur? Which types of organisms perform lactic acid fermentation? 43. What are the two main types of fermentation? 44. Be able to read a graph and identify general trends and provide evidence of those trends. 45. Why are CO2 levels changing throughout the course of the year? Think about the see-saw pattern on the graphs we looked at. 46. What is the driving cause of climate change? Unit 3: Cell Structure, Function, and Growth Question/Vocab Word: Answer: 47. What is the Cell Theory? 48. Why was Rosalind Franklin important? 49. What is Chargaff's rule? 50. When a cell grows larger, what happens to the surface area and volume of the cell? 51. What type of cells stay in the G0 phase? 52. Why do organ systems need to interact? 53. Why do large cells have more trouble moving needed material in and waste material out? 54. When a cell divides and daughter cells are formed, what happens in terms of the DNA in the nucleus in the daughter cells? 55. When in the cell cycle is DNA replicated? 56. What is cell division? What is mitosis? 57. What is apoptosis? Provide an example of apoptosis occurring. 58. Be able to identify and describe what is happening in the various stages of the cell cycle (especially Mitosis → be able to look at a picture and determine which stage of Mitosis the cell is in) 59. What is cancer? 60. What is metastasis? 61. What is a gene? 62. What is differentiation and why is it important in multicellular organisms? 63. What are stem cells and why are they important? 64. Draw and label a chromosome. 65. What are feedback mechanisms used to maintain? 66. Draw and label the parts of a nucleotide. 67. What is mRNA? What is it used for? 68. Know the 4 base pairs. 69. Identify the correct complementary sequence of this DNA segment: CAG GGC AAT CTG 70. What happens during Transcription? 71. What happens during Translation? 72. Be able to use a codon chart to translate amino acid chains. 73. What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA? 74. Know the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms (the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology).