G12 PE and HEALTH 2nd Quarter Exam - Dance & Benefits PDF

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University – Arevalo, Inc. Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 2ND Quarterly Summative Examination...

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University – Arevalo, Inc. Sto. Niño Sur, Arevalo, Iloilo City SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 2ND Quarterly Summative Examination (PE and HEALTH 12 Reviewer) DANCE AND ITS BENEFITS What is Dance? Dance is an expressive art form that combines movement, music, and emotion. It exists in various styles, including ballet, jazz, hip-hop, contemporary, folk, and social dances, each with its own cultural significance and history. Beyond being a form of entertainment, dance offers numerous benefits that contribute to physical, mental, and social well-being. Physical Benefits 1. Improved Fitness: Dance is an excellent cardiovascular workout that enhances endurance, strength, flexibility, and coordination. Regular dancing helps maintain a healthy weight and promotes overall physical fitness. 2. Muscle Tone and Strength: Different dance styles engage various muscle groups, improving muscle tone and strength. This can help with everyday physical activities and reduce the risk of injury. 3. Balance and Coordination: Dance movements often require precise control and balance, which can improve overall stability and coordination, especially beneficial for older adults. 4. Bone Health: Weight-bearing dance activities strengthen bones and can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Mental Benefits 1. Stress Relief: Dancing can lower cortisol levels, a hormone associated with stress. The physical activity, coupled with creative expression, helps release endorphins, promoting feelings of happiness and relaxation. 2. Enhanced Cognitive Function: Learning dance routines improves memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills. It engages the brain, helping to maintain mental acuity and potentially delays cognitive decline in older adults. 3. Boosted Creativity: Dance encourages self-expression and exploration of new ideas, fostering creativity and artistic expression. Emotional and Social Benefits 1. Improved Mood: Dance has been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. The combination of physical activity and creative expression can significantly boost mood and emotional health. 2. Increased Self-Confidence: Mastering dance techniques and performing can enhance self-esteem and confidence, contributing to a positive self-image. 3. Social Interaction: Dance often involves group activities or partner work, fostering social connections and communication skills. It provides opportunities to meet new people and build relationships. Types of Dances as Exercise Moderate Intensity: Styles like ballrooms or social dancing can be classified as moderate exercise, suitable for beginners or those seeking a lighter workout. Vigorous Intensity: Styles such as salsa, hip-hop, and Zumba are typically high-energy and provide a vigorous workout that significantly raises heart rate and energy expenditure. DIFFERENT TYPES OF DANCES Contemporary Contemporary dance is a versatile and expressive art form that emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction to the constraints of classical ballet and modern dance. It incorporates elements from various dance styles, including ballet, jazz, and hip-hop, while emphasizing individuality and creative expression. Contemporary dance is characterized by its fluidity, innovative movements, and emotional depth. Key Characteristics of Contemporary Dance 1. Diverse Movement Vocabulary: o Contemporary dance utilizes a wide range of movements, including floor work, improvisation, and unique body alignments. Dancers are encouraged to explore their physicality and express their emotions through movement. 2. Emphasis on Expression:  o Unlike more structured dance forms, contemporary dance prioritizes emotional and thematic expression. Dancers often convey stories, feelings, or concepts, making the performance deeply personal and relatable. 3. Collaboration with Other Art Forms: o Contemporary dance often intersects with other artistic disciplines, such as theater, visual arts, and music. Collaborations can enhance the storytelling aspect of performances and create immersive experiences for audiences. 4. Use of Technology: o Many contemporary dance works incorporate multimedia elements, including video projections, lighting design, and soundscapes. This integration expands the artistic possibilities and engages viewers on multiple sensory levels. 5. Focus on Individuality and Improvisation: o Dancers are encouraged to develop their unique styles and interpretations. Improvisation plays a significant role, allowing dancers to explore movement freely and adapt to the environment or music. Influential Figures in Contemporary Dance Prominent choreographers and dancers, such as Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, and Pina Bausch, have significantly shaped contemporary dance. Their innovative approaches to movement and choreography have influenced countless artists and continue to inspire new generations. Martha Graham (1894–1991) Contribution: Often regarded as the "mother of modern dance," Martha Graham developed a unique style characterized using contraction and release, expressing deep emotional themes through movement. Her choreography emphasized human experience and drew on mythology and personal narratives. Impact: Graham's techniques and philosophies influenced generations of dancers and choreographers, establishing modern dance as a significant and respected art form. Merce Cunningham (1919–2009) Contribution: Known for his innovative approach to choreography, Cunningham emphasized the idea of chance in dance. He often used random sequences and collaborated with avant-garde artists, including composer John Cage, to create performances that challenged traditional narratives. Impact: Cunningham's techniques, particularly his use of improvisation and non-linear storytelling, revolutionized contemporary dance and expanded its possibilities. Pina Bausch (1940–2009) Contribution: A key figure in the Tanztheater movement, Pina Bausch combined dance and theater to explore themes of human relationships, identity, and emotion. Her works often included spoken text, elaborate sets, and a focus on the emotional lives of her characters. Impact: Bausch's unique integration of dance and theater changed the landscape of contemporary performance, inspiring a generation of artists to blur the lines between disciplines. Hip-Hop Dance Hip-hop dance is a vibrant and dynamic form of movement that originated in the 1970s within urban communities in the United States, particularly in New York City. As an integral part of hip-hop culture, it encompasses various styles, including breaking, locking, and popping, and has evolved into a global phenomenon influencing music, fashion, and art. Cultural Impact Hip-hop dance has transcended its origins to become a global art form, influencing popular culture, fashion, and entertainment. It has been featured in music videos, films, and television shows, making it accessible to wider audiences and inspiring new generations of dancers. Key Characteristics of Hip-Hop Dance 1. Street Origins: o Hip-hop dance emerged as a form of self-expression in the streets and at social gatherings. It reflects the cultural, social, and political contexts of its time, often addressing issues such as identity, resilience, and community. 2. Improvisation and Freestyle: o A hallmark of hip-hop dance is its emphasis on improvisation and freestyle. Dancers often showcase their creativity and individuality through spontaneous movement, allowing personal expression within the dance. 3. Diverse Styles:  o Hip-hop encompasses several distinct styles: ▪ Breaking (Breakdancing): Characterized by acrobatic moves and footwork, often performed on the floor. ▪ Locking: Involves quick, jerky movements and pauses (or "locks"), typically combined with a playful, theatrical element. ▪ Popping: Focuses on contracting and relaxing muscles to create sharp, robotic movements, often synchronized with beats in the music. ▪ Krumping: includes a range of movements such as chest pops, stomps, and arm swings. Focuses on personal expression and emotional release, often in battle or performance settings. 4. Music and Rhythm: o Hip-hop dance is closely tied to hip-hop music, featuring genres such as rap, R&B, and funk. Dancers often interpret the rhythm and beats of the music through their movements, creating a dynamic relationship between sound and motion. 5. Community and Collaboration: o Hip-hop dance fosters a sense of community and collaboration among dancers. Events like dance battles and cyphers (informal gatherings) encourage social interaction and collective creativity, celebrating both individual and group talents. Hip-hop is a multifaceted cultural movement that encompasses various elements, each contributing to its unique identity and influence. The PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF HIP-HOP include: 1. MCing (Rapping) Description: The vocal component of hip-hop, MCing involves rhythmically spoken or chanted lyrics, often delivered in a rhymed and rhythmic style. Rappers, or MCs (master of ceremonies), use their lyrics to express personal experiences, social issues, and cultural commentary. Significance: Rapping is central to hip-hop music, providing a narrative and emotional depth that connects with audiences. 2. DJing Description: DJing is the practice of manipulating sounds and creating music using turntables, mixers, and other equipment. DJs play a crucial role in hip-hop by selecting, mixing, and scratching records to create unique beats and soundscapes. Significance: DJs are often the backbone of hip-hop performances, creating the musical foundation for MCs and dancers. 3. Breaking (Breakdancing) Description: Breaking, also known as breakdancing, is a dynamic style of street dance that incorporates acrobatic moves, footwork, and spins. It is often performed to hip-hop music and involves improvisation and competition. Significance: Breaking is a physical expression of hip-hop culture and showcases individual creativity and style. 4. Graffiti Art Description: Graffiti is a visual art form that involves creating vibrant, often large-scale murals and tags using spray paint. It serves as a form of self-expression and social commentary within urban environments. Significance: Graffiti reflects the identity and experiences of the communities it originates from, making it an essential visual component of hip-hop culture. 5. Beatboxing Description: Beatboxing is the vocal percussion of hip-hop, where artists create rhythmic beats, melodies, and sound effects using only their voices. Beatboxers can imitate instruments and produce complex rhythms. Significance: Beatboxing adds an innovative and rhythmic layer to hip-hop performances, allowing for a unique blend of vocal artistry and music. 6. Fashion Description: Hip-hop fashion is characterized by its bold and expressive style, often featuring oversized clothing, sneakers, caps, and accessories that reflect individual identity and cultural roots. Significance: Fashion is a crucial aspect of hip-hop culture, serving as a form of self-expression and a way to communicate belonging to the hip-hop community. Ballroom Dance Ballroom dance refers to a set of partner dances that are enjoyed both socially and competitively. Originating in the 19th century, it encompasses various styles, each characterized by its unique rhythm, technique, and cultural background. Key Characteristics of Ballroom Dance 1. Partner-Based Structure: o Ballroom dance is primarily performed with a partner, emphasizing connection, synchronization, and communication through movement. Roles are typically divided into the leader and follower, creating a dynamic interplay between partners. 2. Variety of Styles: o There are numerous styles within ballroom dance, each with distinct steps and rhythms: 3. Formal and Competitive Aspects: o Ballroom dancing is often performed in formal settings, including competitions and social events. Dancers are judged based on technique, musicality, and presentation. Costumes and attire play a significant role, with elaborate outfits enhancing the visual appeal of performances. 4. Technique and Posture: o Good posture, frame, and body alignment are essential in ballroom dance. Dancers must maintain a strong connection while executing precise movements, ensuring smooth transitions and control. 5. Musicality: o Ballroom dance is closely linked to music, with each style corresponding to specific genres and tempos. Dancers interpret the music through their movements, enhancing the emotional impact of their performance. Latin American Ballroom Dance Latin American ballroom dance refers to a vibrant and energetic category of partner dances originating from Latin America and the Caribbean. These dances are characterized by their rhythmic movements, expressive styles, and cultural influences. Latin American dances are integral to competitive ballroom dancing and are popular in social dance settings. Here are some of the most recognized styles within this genre: Key Styles of Latin American Ballroom Dance 1. Samba o Origin: Brazil o Characteristics: Samba is a lively, rhythmical dance marked by syncopated steps and fast footwork. It is often associated with the Brazilian Carnival and emphasizes hip movements and bounce. o Music: Typically performed to upbeat samba music with a strong 2/4 or 4/4 time signature. 2. Cha-Cha o Origin: Cuba o Characteristics: The Cha-Cha is known for its playful and flirtatious style, featuring a quick-quick-slow rhythm. It includes a lot of hip action and dynamic turns, making it a fun and lively dance. o Music: Performed to upbeat Latin music, often with a syncopated rhythm. 3. Rumba o Origin: Cuba o Characteristics: The Rumba is a slower, more sensual dance that emphasizes hip movements and a strong connection between partners. It tells a story of love and romance through its expressive movements. o Music: Typically performed to slow, melodic music with a 4/4 time signature. 4. Paso Doble o Origin: Spain o Characteristics: The Paso Doble is a dramatic and theatrical dance that portrays the bullfighting tradition. Dancers often take on the roles of the matador and the cape, emphasizing strong, sharp movements and powerful poses. o Music: Performed to strong, march-like music, often associated with Spanish flamenco and bullfighting themes. 5. Jive o Origin: United States (influenced by African American dance styles) o Characteristics: Jive is an upbeat and energetic dance characterized by fast footwork, kicks, and turns. It incorporates elements of swing and rock and roll, making it a lively dance form. o Music: Performed to fast-paced swing or rock music, typically with a 4/4 time signature. Modern Standard Ballroom Dance Modern standard ballroom dance, also known simply as "standard," is a category of partner dance that includes a set of traditional dances characterized by their smooth movements and elegant styling. This style of ballroom dance emphasizes connection, grace, and a strong frame between partners, making it popular in competitive dance settings as well as social dancing. The main styles within modern standard ballroom dance are as follows: Key Styles of Modern Standard Ballroom Dance 1. Waltz o Origin: The waltz originated in Europe in the late 18th century and became popular in the 19th century.  o Characteristics: Known for its flowing, smooth movements and 3/4 time signature, the waltz features graceful turns and rises and falls. The dance often evokes a romantic and dreamy atmosphere. o Music: Typically performed to classical or orchestral music, emphasizing a strong downbeat. 2. Foxtrot o Origin: The foxtrot developed in the early 20th century in the United States and became a staple of ballroom dancing. o Characteristics: This dance features smooth, flowing movements with a combination of slow and quick steps. The foxtrot is known for its elegance and versatility, allowing dancers to express themselves through varied rhythms. o Music: Typically performed to big band or jazz music with a 4/4 time signature. 3. Quickstep o Origin: The quickstep evolved from the foxtrot and became popular in the 1920s. o Characteristics: This lively and energetic dance incorporates fast footwork, hops, and skips, making it a fun and playful dance. It is characterized by its quick, syncopated steps and upbeat tempo. o Music: Performed to fast-paced jazz or swing music, usually in a 4/4 time signature. 4. Viennese Waltz o Origin: The Viennese waltz is a traditional dance that dates back to the 18th century and is considered one of the oldest ballroom dances. o Characteristics: Similar to the waltz, the Viennese waltz features a rapid 3/4 time signature with quick turns and continuous rotation. It is more dynamic and requires precise timing and control. o Music: Typically performed to classical waltz music, often featuring orchestras. 5. Tango o Origin: Emerging in the late 19th century in the working-class neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina, tango is now celebrated worldwide. o Characteristics: It emphasizes connection between partners, dramatic poses, and intricate footwork. The dance is characterized by its sensuality and strong expression of emotions. o Music: Tango music often includes instruments like the bandoneón, piano, and strings, with a strong, steady rhythm. Philippine Festival Dances Philippine festival dances are vibrant expressions of culture, tradition, and community spirit, often performed during local celebrations, religious festivals, and cultural events. These dances reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines, influenced by indigenous, Spanish, and American traditions. They serve as a way to honor patron saints, celebrate harvests, and showcase local history. Key Characteristics 1. Cultural Significance o Festival dances often have deep-rooted cultural meanings, showcasing the beliefs, values, and traditions of various Filipino communities. They serve to strengthen community bonds and celebrate local identity. 2. Variety of Styles o The Philippines boasts a wide range of festival dances, each unique to its region. Notable examples include: 3. Costuming o Traditional costumes are an essential aspect of Philippine festival dances. These outfits often feature bright colors, intricate designs, and local textiles, reflecting the region's cultural identity. Costumes are designed to enhance the visual impact of dance and represent various themes, such as harvest or religious devotion. 4. Music and Rhythm o Music plays a crucial role in festival dances, with traditional instruments such as drums, gongs, and bamboo flutes accompanying the performances. The rhythm and tempo of the music dictate the style and energy of the dance, often incorporating local melodies and folk songs. 5. Community Involvement o Festival dances are often performed by community members of all ages, fostering a sense of unity and pride. They are typically showcased during festivals, parades, and public gatherings, encouraging participation and cultural appreciation among locals and visitors alike. In the context of Philippine culture, festival dances can be categorized into secular festival dances and religious festival dances. Each type has its own significance, themes, and cultural roots. Secular Festival Dances Secular festival dances are typically performed during celebrations that are not specifically religious in nature. These dances often celebrate cultural heritage, local customs, and community spirit. Here are a couple of examples: 1. Kadayawan  o Celebrated in Davao City, Kadayawan is a week-long festival that showcases the cultural heritage of the indigenous people of the region, as well as the bountiful harvest of fruits and flowers. 2. Pahiyas o The Pahiyas Festival is celebrated in Lucban, Quezon, in honor of San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. Although it has religious roots, the festival is primarily a celebration of harvest and abundance. 3. Panagbenga Festival o Known as the Flower Festival, celebrated in Baguio City, this dance features flower-covered floats and vibrant street dancing, showcasing the creativity and artistry of the local community. Religious Festival Dances Religious festival dances are performed in honor of saints or during religious celebrations, often reflecting the beliefs and devotion of the community. Here are a couple of examples: 1. Sinulog o Sinulog is celebrated in Cebu City in honor of the Santo Niño (Child Jesus). The festival takes place on the third Sunday of January and commemorates the arrival of Christianity in the Philippines. 2. Ati-Atihan o Known as the "Mother of All Philippine Festivals," Ati-Atihan is celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan, in honor of the Santo Niño. The festival takes place in January and involves a week-long series of events. 3. Dinagyang Festival o is one of the Philippines' most famous and vibrant cultural and religious festivals, celebrated annually in Iloilo City on the fourth Sunday of January. The festival honors the Santo Niño (Child Jesus) and commemorates the arrival of Malay settlers in Panay Island. Both secular and religious festival dances play essential roles in preserving Philippine culture, celebrating community identity, and fostering social connections. While secular dances highlight local customs and traditions, religious dances express devotion and spirituality, making each type of integral to the rich tapestry of Philippine cultural heritage. Philippine Folk Dance Philippine folk dance is an essential part of Filipino culture, showcasing the country's diverse traditions, beliefs, and customs through movement and music. These dances have roots in different regions and communities, reflecting the Philippines’ rich cultural heritage and history. Here is an overview of Philippine folk dance and its significance: Key Characteristics of Philippine Folk Dance 1. Diversity: Philippine folk dances vary significantly by region, influenced by indigenous, Spanish, and other cultural elements. Each dance reflects the unique way of life, environment, and traditions of its community. 2. Storytelling: Many folk dances narrate stories of love, work, celebration, or social customs. They often depict daily life, such as fishing, farming, and weaving, or express cultural values like courtship and community respect. 3. Costumes and Props: Dancers wear traditional attire that represents their region or ethnic group. Props like bamboo poles, scarves, hats, and fans are often used to enhance the storytelling and add rhythm to the dance. Types of Philippine Folk Dances 1. Rural Dances: These are inspired by the lifestyle in rural areas and often depict farm activities or traditional celebrations. o Example: Tinikling, where dancers skillfully step in and out of bamboo poles, representing the movement of birds. 2. Muslim Dances: These dances reflect the culture and traditions of Filipino Muslims in Mindanao. o Example: Singkil, a royal dance depicting the rescue of a princess trapped in a forest, often performed with bamboo poles and fans. 3. Tribal or Ethnic Dances: Dances of the indigenous peoples often embody their spiritual beliefs and rituals. o Example: Sayaw sa Apoy, a healing and thanksgiving dance where dancers move around fire to symbolize bravery and faith, often performed during significant tribal celebrations. 4. Social/Maria Clara Dances: Many folk dances show Spanish influences, especially in costumes and courtship dances, due to the Philippines’ history as a Spanish colony. o Example: Cariñosa, a romantic dance characterized by flirtatious movements and the use of a handkerchief or fan. 5. Cordillera Dances: refers to the traditional dances of the indigenous peoples in the mountainous region of the Cordillera in northern Philippines. o Example: Idaw, a dance from the Cordillera region that depicts a tribal hunting ritual, honoring spirits of nature. Nature of Philippine Folk Dances  1. Ritual and Ceremonial Dances o Performed for religious or spiritual purposes, these dances are offerings or tributes to deities, saints, or ancestors. o Examples: Subli (Batangas), Pagdiwata (Palawan) 2. Occupational Dances o Depict everyday activities such as fishing, planting, or hunting, reflecting the agricultural lifestyle in many rural areas. o Examples: Tinikling (Leyte), Pabirik (Bicol) 3. Courtship and Wedding Dances o Symbolize romance, courtship, and the beauty of Filipino customs in marriage. o Examples: Cariñosa, Kuratsa (Visayas) 4. Festival Dances o Performed during fiestas and celebrations, these dances are expressions of joy and community pride. o Examples: Pandanggo sa Ilaw (Mindoro), Sayaw sa Bangko (Pangasinan) 5. Warrior Dances o Display strength and agility, often re-enacting battles or honoring warriors. o Examples: Maglalatik (Laguna), Sagayan (Mindanao) Notable Philippine Folk Dances Tinikling: Often regarded as the national dance, it involves skillful movements between bamboo poles and symbolizes grace and agility. Itik-Itik: A lively dance mimicking the movements of a duck, showing humor and creativity. Maglalatik: A war dance representing a fight over coconut meat, where dancers wear coconut shells on their bodies and use rhythmic slapping. Subli: A devotional dance from Batangas, typically performed as a homage to the Holy Cross. Importance of Philippine Folk Dance Cultural Preservation: Folk dances help preserve and pass down cultural traditions and values from one generation to the next. They are integral in maintaining the unique identity of Filipino communities. Educational Value: Through folk dance, people can learn about the history, lifestyle, and beliefs of different Filipino communities. Many schools include folk dance in their curricula to instill cultural pride and knowledge in students. Social Bonding: Folk dances are often performed during gatherings, strengthening community bonds. They encourage unity and showcase the communal spirit in Filipino culture. Francisca Reyes-Aquino Contribution: Known as the Mother of Philippine Folk Dance, Francisca Reyes-Aquino was a pioneering researcher and educator who documented and popularized traditional Filipino dances. In the 1920s and 1930s, she traveled across the Philippines, collecting and recording folk dances, songs, and games, many of which might have been lost without her efforts. Legacy: She compiled her research in various publications, including the influential book Philippine Folk Dances and Games. Her work laid the foundation for Philippine folk dance education and inspired generations of folk dance enthusiasts. Recognition: Reyes-Aquino was the first to be awarded the title of National Artist for Dance in 1973. Good Luck!