PATHFIT Midterm - Introduction to Dance PDF

9:30AM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM 頑 張 って ! —‘ u ’— M1 Introduction to Dance Dance Exercises What is Dancing? Exer...

9:30AM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM 頑 張 って ! —‘ u ’— M1 Introduction to Dance Dance Exercises What is Dancing? Exercising regularly - most important thing you can do to an idea path to health through gentle exercise achieve good health helps control appetite, boost mood, and improve Dance - expression of an intensified sense of life; sleep arising from an inner perception that stimulates both also reduces the risk of heart disease, heat stroke, mind and body and diabetes man's natural and primitive means of expression at least 120 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise like truest expression of people is an art in its dances walking, jogging, running, and dance aerobic will and its music keep your body in good condition the body never lies have been a part of the life of every tribe, society, Strength training - works out all muscle groups like: legs, or nation hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders, and arms defined as inner impulse of man to rhythm or music expressing his feeling of joy, moods, sentiments, or May involve: any human experience 1 Lifting weights focuses primarily on aesthetic or even entertaining 2 Arms resistance band exercises experience 3 Push-ups 4 Sit-ups William Cobbett - according to him, dancing is at once ↳ which your body weight furnishes the resistance rational and healthy Exercise - good for the heart; burns calories which can Dancing - based on natural walking steps forward and help maintain a healthy weight backwards ↳ improves our cardiovascular system resulting: lower ↳ can be achieved with balance, control and small blood pressure, cholesterol level, and good blood steps, the actual figures will feel and look natural and sugar regulation rhythmic Benefits of Dancing ↳ best to study and work on the recommended Physical Benefits exercises before working on the figures Improves flexibility, coordination, balance, and body composition Dance Education Enables joint mobility and stronger bones which learning and studying the dance as the medium to 1 helps prevent osteoporosis, etc. understand oneself society and culture Develops muscular and cardiovascular ↳ contains information that help increase physical a endurance which reduces the risk of health literacy competency cardiovascular diseases Mental/Emotional Benefits Social Dancing - one of the most popular dances Helps keep the brain sharp which the risk of nowadays Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 2 Knowledge of Dancing - teaches poise, graceful Increases self -esteem and improves body movements, confidence manners, and how to relate image aids in releasing emotional tension that decreases depressive symptoms comfortably to the opposite sex Social Benefits Importance of Dance Gives a sense of togetherness within a group Healthy living, exercise, and physical activity are Encourages positive social interaction and important components in conditioning program interpersonal relationships in a group 3 Being physically fit does not only help people live Contributes to the individual’s potential for self- healthy lives it also helps people live longer actualization in society People who engage in any physical activity such as sports, Promotes cultural values, culture, traditions, dance, swimming, and other related exercise beliefs, and norms in society activity benefit from improved cardiovascular and muscle fitness as they grow older Page 1 10:18AM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM World History of Dance Phases of Dance Forms 2 Folk Dance Primitive Dance cultural art form handed down from generation to Social Dances on occasions that celebrated birth, generation commemorated deaths, and marked special events ↳ communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and in between occupations of the people of region/country Magical dances to ask gods to end famine; to provide ↳ traditional flavor and characteristics of the people rain, or to cure sick their feelings and sentiments Primitive dancers shared certain gestures and ↳ Folk Dancing belongs to the people, it emanates movements, which drawn from their everyday lives from them ↳ were not created for entertainment 3 Social Dance intended primarily to get to know other people in Ancient Egypt attendance at a certain social function Far more than mere pastime, dancing became an ↳ communal dances performed in social gatherings in any integral part of Egyptian life given space It evolved from the simplest rituals used by the hunters ↳ referred to as ballroom dances, performed in balls or to find their prey formal social functions A leader was called a priest dancer and was ↳ classified into two major classifications: responsible for seeing that the dances were Latin American Dances and the Modern Standard Dances performed correctly so that the hunt would be 4 Recreational Dance successful dancing without any real structure, meant to be fun and freeing Ancient Greece ↳ goal is to focus less on form and technique and more Participation in dance and drama festivals was a on the joy they feel from dancing religious exercise, not merely an amusement ↳ includes hip hop to step dancing, jazz dancing Greek dance can be divided into large and small motions, ↳ to tap is possible or something that requires some movements, and gestures more technical steps to fit the recreational dance Movements were closely related to gymnastic exercises motif that resembled dance Recreational Dancing - about trying out a bunch of different styles to figure out which ones you enjoy the most Roman Empire 5 Creative Dance Under the reign of Caesar Augustus in about 22 BC, the highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment the Pantomime dance-drama became an independent form ↳ product of exploration and improvisation of of artistic expression movements Roman Pantomime - highly developed art form that ↳ the principles of art are all observed in the made lavish and creative use of dance composition of the dance ↳ is a dance with definite form, beginning and end such Christian Era as Classical Ballet, Modern Dance, Jazz Dance, Performed on cathedral porches, church squares Contemporary dance, and Theatrical Dance and marketplaces, miracle plays, mystery plays, and morality plays that taught the church’s lessons were The Elements of Dance: Dance Concepts enacted in a theatrical way should be viewed holistically ↳ when participating in dance, all elements of dance Phases of Dance Forms are integrated all the time dance forms which take centuries to develop, reflect ↳ the instrument is the body customs of society which they have evolved ↳ the body moves in space and in time with force 1 Creative Rhythms The elements of movement are: which sometimes called Fundamental Rhythms 1 Space ↳ provide special area in the rhythmic program 2 Time where creativity is the goal and functional movement is 3 Force (energy) secondary ↳ product of the exploration and improvisation Page 2 12:08PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Elements of Dance - foundational concepts and Locomotor movements are classified into: vocabulary that help students develop movement Leaping 9 skills and understand dance as an artistic practice landing on the other foot Galloping The elements of dance are: 10 series of stepping and cutting movements 1 Body 2 Action Non-Locomotor/Axial Movements - movements done in 3 Space place; one part of body serving as an axis or base around 4 Time which another parts move 5 Energy Non-Locomotor movements are classified into: The acronym BASTE helps students remember the Bending or Flexing elements act of decreasing angle of joint or movement Body - being used to perform 1 around joint 1 Parts of the body ↳ if you bend joint, like your elbow or knee, you Shape are performing flexion 2 Extending/Stretching refers to the designs the body part makes Size opposite of flexion; you are extending if you are 3 describes the range of shapes and movements 2 increasing the angle of a joint from small to big ↳ can be full extension of the arms, legs, or 4 Relationships of the body-to-body parts trunk in any direction Contraction Action - movement is being performed muscle movement done when it shortens, narrows, Locomotor Movements - movements through space; that 3 and tightens using enough energy in the bring the body from one place to another execution ↳ canned from two words, locos means place and Release motor means movement muscle movement opposite to contraction 4 ↳ when it goes or let loses of being held into a Preparatory movement shortening movement Step - basis of all locomotor movements; prepares you Twisting to move in any direction you wish to go rotation of one part of body around base of ↳ defined as transfer of weight from one foot to the other support or to move body segment from an axis 5 Locomotor movements are classified into: Ex. twisting of the neck allowing head to face Even right or left 1 Ex. walking, running, jumping, hopping, and Turning leaping rotation of the body around the base of Uneven support in continuous line of direction 2 6 Ex. skipping, galloping, and sliding Ex. a pointed foot, the other raised, while Walking equilibrium is maintained until the completion of 3 the turn series of steps Running Rotating 4 a fast walk; to move more rapidly rotate is to move a body segment allowing it to Hopping complete a circle with its motion 5 7 landing on same foot ↳ not only limited to circumduction which is done Jumping in ball and socket joints 6 landing on one or both feet ↳ can be done in wrists, waist, knees, & ankles Skipping Resistive Actions 7 series of fast step-hops Pushing - to move an object in space away from the Sliding body against resistance 8 glide followed by a close 8 Pulling - to bring an object in space toward the body against resistance Lifting - change of body level or any part of body from a lower to a higher level Page 3 2:25PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Space - where movement performed Each dance elements contains movement concepts that Range make specific and distinctive 1 scope of movement execution; dictated by the To create and expressive and meaning dance, the space provided dance artist/choreographer must make decision that Level are possible for locomotor and non-locomotor how high or low movement takes place in movements 2 relation to the ground These elements help dance artist discover different ↳ a normal standing position, they’re at movements which are expressive and unique medium level 4 pages from 10 pages module :> Floor Pattern/Design 3 designs on floor by the body makes in the space M2 Creative Rhythms Ex. geometric or non-geometric formations Rhythmic activities - physical manifestations of the Directions mental and emotional response of individual to both directions of the body and directions in space rhythm to regular pattern of sound 4 ↳ directions of the body are determined by how you are facing; the front, back, and sides of Every individual has rhythm, it is found in all of body lead us in motion nature and is natural to every individual Pathway design of path made by body parts or whole body Rhythm - most clearly seen through dance 5 while travelling through space Dance - art of movement and regular recurrence of Ex. straight, curved, circular, zigzag accented and unaccented beats Focus 6 focal point of dancers’ attention while moving in Elements of Rhythm: Dance Concepts space Time/Meter signatures - indicate how many beats are in Time - when movement performed each measure of a piece of music Speed ↳ as well which note value is counted as beat like tempo in music & refers to rate at which 1 movements occur Ex. fast, average, slow, accelerate, decelerate Rhythm 2 underlying pattern that gives order to music and dance Energy - how movement performed Force The two numbers in the time signature tells you how many amount of energy expended in movement beats are in each measure of music 1 ↳ it can be strong, as exhibited in the punch, or light, as expressed in a floating movement A piece with: Stillness Time Signature Quarter Note the absence of visible motion 4/4 4 quarter note Active stillness - does not move but still filled 3/4 3 quarter note with energy; the energy we use when engaging in 2/5 2 quarter note 2 freeze action It means each measure has only four beats Passive stillness - absence of motion and animating 3/4 time signature - sometimes called waltz time energy ↳ letting all the energy drain out of the body while Meter - regular recurrence of beats which divides either sitting or lying down musical design into measure Weight Bar - vertical line across staff dividing it into equal 3 reflects our relationship to gravity measures of time Ex. heavy or light movements Measure - group of pulse beats Quality Phrase - measures grouped together 4 flow of energy in movement Beat - underlying pulse of rhythm Ex. smooth, sharp or swing Page 4 3:14PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Count - a pulse beat, a time limit Singing Movement - songs include action songs and singing Accent - emphasis on certain beats games Pitch - lowness or highness of tone Identification – endless sources of subjects for Note - printed symbol of musical tone identification and interpretations Note pattern - refers to note or set of notes with or without rest used for a certain dance step Dramatization - ideas useful for dramatic rhythms M3 Folk Dances Folk dance - among the dances comprised in the The Dot (.) - added to any note tells us that you are to performing art add half the value of the note ↳ refer to dances created and performed collectively ↳ a dot to the right is example of dotted half note by the ordinary people Half note - worth two beats and half of two is one, so we need to add one beat to the original two beats Folk Dance is divided into: ↳ dotted half note has three beats National traditional dances found throughout the islands 3/4 - Bahay Kubo time signature 1 with little or no modification 2/4 - Leron Leron Sinta time signature Ex. Rigodon, Carinosa, Jota, Balitaw, Pandanggo Regional Intensity - variation of stress of movement dances found in a certain locality Tempo - rate of speed of a movement and the Ex. rhythmic pattern Tinikling Leyte 2 Maglalatik Binyang Step Pattern - movements done for each of the dance steps Esperanza Nabua Clock Time - the length or parts of dance measured in Subli Batangas seconds, minutes, or hours Biniganbigat Abra Timing Relationships - when dancers move in relation to Character each other (before, after, together, sooner than, 3 created by individual/group which refers to faster than) character dances whose choreography Metered Time - repeated rhythmic pattern often used in music (like 2/4 time or 4/4 time) Folk dancing - heartbeat of the people, Philippine Folk ↳ if dances are done to music, the movement can Dance are diverse and can be classified into its nature and respond to beat of the music or can move against it background: Free Rhythm - rhythmic pattern is less predictable than Occupational metered time depicting action of certain occupation, industry, ↳ dancers may perform movement without using music, relying on cues from one another 1 or human labor Ex. Planting, Harvesting, Pounding, Winnowing, Pabirik, Mananguete, etc. Creative Rhythms - provide a special area in the rhythmic Religious or Ceremonial program where creativity is the goal and functional performed in connection with religious vows movement is secondary 2 and ceremonies ↳ act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an Ex. Dugsu, Sua – sua, Putong, Sta. Clarang accompaniment Pinong-pino, etc. Fundamental Motor Rhythms – creativity can be developed Comic dances 3 depicting funny movements for entertainment through problem-solving activities involving the Ex. Kimbo - Kimbo, Makonggo, Kinoto incorporation of various locomotor movements Game dances Expressive Movement - movements that express moods and 4 with play elements (dance mixers) feelings Ex. Lubi - lubi, Pavo Page 5 6:15PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Philippine Folk Dance can be classified into its nature and 3rd Position background: Feet Arm Wedding dances 5 performed during wedding feast Ex. Panasahan, Pantomina etc. Courtship dances 3 depicting love making 6 Ex. Hele – hele, Bago Quiere, Marami, Tadek, Heel of one foot close to One arm raised sideward Daling – daling in-step of other foot as in 2nd position. Festival dances The other arm raised suitable for special occasion or any social upward like 5th position 7 4th Position gathering Ex. Pandanggo, Habanera, Jota, Surtido Feet Arm War dances 8 showing imaginary combat or duel Ex. Sagayan, Palu-palo, etc. 4 Fundamental Positions of Arms and Feet in Folk Dancing it is important to practice the fundamental or basic One foot in front of other One arm raised in front as positions of all arms and feet in dance to do well foot of a pace distance in 1st position ↳ it establishes the beat of the dance The other arm raised upward like 5th position Five Fundamental Positions of The Arms And Feet - mastery of 5th Position these positions is essential for further development in Feet Arm dance ↳ these positions comprise the most basic and most important strong hold in any dance form 5 1st Position Feet Arm Heel of front foot close toBoth arms raised big toe of rear foot overhead (as if holding a ball) The demonstration pic in the module is annoying, 1 I search the internet for a replacement Heels close together, Both arms raised in a toes apart with an circle in front of chest Basic Dance Step Pattern in Folk Dance angle of about 45 with the fingertips degrees about an inch apart Basic Dance Steps In 2/4 - Time Signature 2nd Position Dance Step Step Pattern Counting Feet Arm Toe-Point, 1 Touch step 1,2 close 2 Bleking step Step, Heel 1,2 3 Close step Step, close 1,2 2 4 Hop step Step, hop 1,2 5 Slide step Slide, close 1,2 Feet apart sideward of Both raised sideward Step, cross or 6 Cross step 1,2 about a pace distance with a graceful curve Cross, step at shoulder level Step, close, 7 Change step 1 and 2 step Cross and Cross-step, 8 1 and 2 change step close, step Leap, cross- 9 Contraganza 1 and 2 step, step Page 6 7:13PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Basic Dance Steps In 2/4 - Time Signature Basic Dance Steps in 3/4 Time Signature Step, close, Step, cross- 10 Habanera step 1, 2 and step Sway balance step, step/ 11 1, 2, 3 / 1, 2, 3 Raise-step, with a waltz step, close, 11 Plain polka and 1, and 2 close, step step Hop-step, Step, cross- 12 Hop polka and 1, and 2 Engaño with a close, step 12 step/ step, 1, 2-3 / 1, 2, 3 waltz Heel-place, close, step Heel and toe toe-point / 13 1, 2/1 and 2 change step Step, close, Basic Dance Steps in 4/4 Time Signature step Dance Step Step Pattern Counting With heels step, close, raise, take as step hop( 14 Mincing step and 1, and 2… 1 Schottische step 1 , 2, 3, 4 many steps as raise foot In desired front) With both step, close, feet flat on step, hop( 15 Shuffling step the floor, take and 1, and 2… 2 Escotis step 1 , 2, 3, 4 raise foot In tiny slide rear) steps brush, raise, brush, raise/ With one foot 1 , 2, 3, 4/1 , 2, 3, 3 Chotis step Step, step, leading, take 4 step, close or 16 Chasing steps successive and 1, and 2 pause close steps to any direction Common Dance Terms Arms in lateral position - both arms are at one side 1 either right/left, at shoulder, chest or waist Basic Dance Steps in 3/4 Time Signature level Dance Step Step Pattern Counting Brush - weight on one foot, hit the floor with Step, close, 2 the ball or heel of the other foot and lift that 1 Native waltz 1 , 2, 3 step foot from the floor to any direction Cross-step, Crossed Arms - partners facing each other or 2 Cross waltz 1 , 2, 3 close, step standing side by side join their left hands Step, close- 3 together and the right hands together; either 3 Waltz balance heels raise, 1 , 2, 3 right over left or left-over right hands heels down 4 Cut - to quickly displace one foot with the other 4 Mazurka step Slide, cut, hop 1 , 2, 3 Do-si-do - partners advance forward, pass each 5 Redoba step Slide, cut, cut 1 , 2, 3 other’s right(left) side, step across to the right Step, cross- 5 Sway balance move backwards without turning around, pass 6 step, step / 1, 2, 3/ 1, 2, 3 with a point each other left side to proper places point Hayon-hayon - to place one forearm in front and Step, cross- 6 Sway balance the other at the back of the waist 7 step, step / 1, 2, 3 / 1, 2, 3 Hop - a spring from one foot landing on the with a hop hop 7 same foot in place or in any direction Step, cross- Sway balance Jaleo - partners turn around clockwise (with 8 step, step / 1, 2, 3 / 1, 2, 3 with a raise right elbows almost touching) or raise 8 counterclockwise ( with left elbows almost Step, cross- Sway balance touching ) using walking or any kind of dance 9 step, step / 1, 2, 3 / 1, 2, 3 with a brush step brush Jump - a spring on one foot or both feet landing Step, cross- 9 Sway balance on both feet in any direction 10 step, step / 1, 2, 3 / 1, 2, 3 with a sway sway Page 7 8:42PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Common Dance Terms The Cariñosa Kumintang - moving the hand from the wrist popular folk dance that’s introduced by the Spaniards 10 either in a clockwise or counterclockwise when they arrived in the 16th century direction Leap - a spring from one foot landing on the Cariñosa - a spanish word meaning the loving or 11 other foot in any direction affectionate one; has a Hispanic origin from the Maria Clara Place - to put foot in a certain position without suite of Philippine folk dances 12 putting weight on it ↳ where the fan or handkerchief plays an instrumental role as Pivot - to turn with the ball, heel or whole foot 13 it places the couple in romance scenario on a fixed place or point ↳ a slow dance where a man and a woman dance Point - touch the floor lightly with the toes of 14 together one foot, weight of the body on the other foot ↳ style bears resemblance to a bolero or a waltz Masiwak - to turn the hand from the wrist half- 15 way clockwise then raise and lower wrist once or twice, this is an Ibanag term History of Cariñosa Panadyak - to stamp in front or at the side with named in honor of Maria Clara, who was the main 16 the right foot and tap with same foot close to character in Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere; in it, the left foot, this is a Tagalog term Maria Clara is portrayed as a noble and loyal woman Patay - to bend the head downward and to ↳ the characteristic shy behavior of the female dancer is support the forehead with the R forearm or said to represent the mannerisms of Filipina women with the crook of the R elbow while the left 17 hand supports lightly the palm of the right Origin of Cariñosa hand. This is an Ilocano term and the originated in Panay Island in the Visayan Islands and was movement is commonly found in Ilocano dances introduced by the Spaniards during their colonization of Salok - to swing the arm downward-upward the Philippines passing in front of the body as if scooping, the 18 ↳ it is related to some of the Spanish dances like the Bolero trunk is bent following the movement of the arm and the Mexican dance Jarabe Tapatio or the Mexican Hat doing the salok, this is a Tagalog term Saludo - partners bow to each other, to the Dance audience, opposite dancers, or to the ↳ in Bicol, two handkerchiefs are used and both dancers point 19 their feet forward as their hands go up at the same time neighbors with feet together, this is from Spanish origin and is used in almost all Philippine dances ↳ in Visayan, the couple goes as far as combing each Sarok - cross the R foot in front of the L , bend other's hair, the hide and seek movements are common to all the body slightly forward and cross the hands the versions 20 down in front of the R hand over the L, this is a ↳ one variation performed at weddings involved the man Visayan term dancing around the woman until she consents to dance Slide - to glide foot smoothly along the floor. with him 21 The movement may be finished with or without transfer of weight Philippine Folk Dances, Volume 2 - book of Francisca Reyes- Stamp - to bring the foot forcibly and noisily on Aquino, there is a different version of the dance in the 22 the floor with or without transfer of weight region of Bicol, hide and seek movement is different Tap - to rap slightly with the ball or toe of the ways free foot, flexing the ankle joint keeping weight 23 of the body on the other foot, there is no change or transfer of weight Costume Whirl - to make fast turns by executing small the Cariñosa was danced with María Clara dress and 24 Barong Tagalog for it’s a María Clara Spanish Dance steps in place to right or left How tf can someone remember these all when it was introduced ↳ Filipino wore to reveal nationalism: Dances in the Philippines - are melting pot of indigenous, the patadyong kimona (a dress of Visayan people) Asian, American, Latin and European styles camisa de chino (a native dress of the Taglog regions) camisa (a white sleeve) and for boys, a barong Tagalog and colored pants Page 8  PATHFIT MIDTERM Music M4-5 Social Dances music of Carinosa is 3/4 in rhythm are communal dances performed in social gatherings in any Rondalla - are playing this music of the dance where it is given space, they are synonymously referred to as an ensemble or an orchestra of string instruments ballroom dances, but performed in balls or formal social functions Dance Steps: Figures of Cariñosa ↳ most social dances are characterized by the man leading and 1st figure the woman partner following whatever steps, styling, and 1 rhythmic variations he chooses and indicates Three Steps and Point 2nd figure 2 Pointing Benefits of Social Dancing 3rd figure Physically 3 Back-to-Back less threatening to young developing bodies 1 4th figure compared to many sports 4 Hide-and-Seek with Fan provides general conditioning for the body 5th figure Mentally 5 Kneeling and Fanning stretches thinking and the “do – it” abilities of 6th figure the young 6 Hide-and-Seek with Handkerchief provides sense of achievement is a confidence 7th figure 2 builder 7 Flirting with Handkerchief teamwork of couples is more stimulating to 8th and last figure concentration and learning 8 Flirting it is an excellent learning achievement and self- *see module 3, page 8-9 for detailed step description confidence Socially During the Marcos regime, the Cariñosa was named the young people have an opportunity to national dance of the Philippines. To this day school 3 interrelate with others textbooks still claim this; however, the Philippine provides discipline and emphasis on courtesy and consideration for others government maintains it is Tinikling which is a native dance Classification of Social Dances According to National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), official national symbols of the Philippines represent Latin American Dances Origin the country’s traditions and ideals and convey the Samba Brazil principles of Philippine sovereignty and national Cha-cha-cha Cuba solidarity Rumba Cuba Salsa Cuba Mambo Cuba Merengue Dominican Republic Jive/Boogie USA Swing USA Paso Doble Spain Modern Standard Dances Origin Slow Waltz Austria Tango Argentina Foxtrot USA Quickstep USA Viennese Waltz Vienna can’t take this anymore, too much information :< Page 9  PATHFIT MIDTERM Latin American Dances Samba Attire/Costumes lively and vigorous, and the feet is constantly leaving the revealing, tight-fitting, sexy yet sophisticated in floor nature ↳ literally a bouncing step, involves much knee action with Movements the dancers’ bodies resembling a swinging pendulum as they freer and can be performed in close or open hold sway and turn ↳ 2/4 time signature counting 1 ah 2 Cha-Cha-Cha originated in Cuba and evolved from slow version of Mambo Basic Steps of Samba: Reverse Basic, Whisks, Bota Fogos, called Triple Mambo or Mambo with guiro rhythm Voltas, Under Arm Turns, Samba Walks, etc. ↳ usually 4/4 time signature or sometimes 2/4 (ct. 1 ah 2, 3 ah 4) Jive refer to jivetalk, or bad mouthing Enrique Jorrin - Cuban Violinist created the first cha cha ↳ word reflects the character of the dance for it is song in 1948 sassy and loud , it came from the African American slaves ↳ he named it after the shuffling sound the dancers shoes ↳ known by many names, sometimes called Swing, made when they dance to this type of music Jitterbug, Lindy hop, or Charleston, although it is completely different dance Rumba ↳ 4/4 time signature counting 1,2,3 and 4/ 1 and 2, 3 and originally applied specifically to the dancing style with 4. lascivious movement of the hip, bosom and other flexible Basic Steps of Jive: American Spin, Hip Bump, Mooch, parts; Jive Walks, Fallaway Throwaway, etc. ↳ sassy and sensual dance form, slowest Latin dance form that involves a lot of hip movement, also has steps like shoulder checks and cross-body leads ↳ influence came in the 16th century from the black slaves from Africa ↳ 4/4 time signature counting 1,2,3,4 Paso Doble Basic Steps of Rumba: New Yorkers, Under Arm Turns, originated in either France or Spain, the Spanish term paso Cucarachas, Natural Top, Aida, etc. doble means double step or two-step ↳ accompanied the fast steps of a military march in both countries ↳ popularly known as the man’s dance, portraying the story of the matador with the female being his cape Paso doble tunes were then reportedly adapted as marching music for Spanish infantry troops, who were reportedly able to take 120 steps per minute—or double their normal pace ↳ 2/4 time signature (two quarter-note beats per measure) quick Basic Steps of Paso doble: Promenade Link, Drag, Sixteen, Ecart, Chasse, Grand Circle, Appel, etc. Page 10 11:19PM 10/05/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Swing Tango outgrowth of the jitterbug, marked by quick, originated in lower class of Buenos Aires especially in the strenuous movements, sometimes accompanied by Bario de Las Ranas, first known as baile con corte - the dance acrobatics; it maybe a lively smooth dance with a stop ↳ characterized by sudden changes of direction and its many Benny Goodman - the band leader credited with developing the flaring and dipping steps. rhythm of Swing ↳ 2/4 time signature counting 1,2 ↳ named after Charles Lindbergh’s solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 Foxtrot ↳ 4/4 time signature counting 1,2,3,4 an american dance evolving from trotting dance in 1913, dancers gliding around the dance floor with little up and Modern Standard Dances down motion Attire/Costumes formal, ankle-length gowns (females); coat-and-tie ↳ known as first truly American ballroom dance, was named (males) after Harry Fox Movements ↳ 2/4 time signature counting 1,2 restricted to close ballroom position with partner Social or Ballroom Dances are different from Dance Sport Waltz because the latter is freer in nature and are primarily first dance to use closed dance position; was to be intended to widen one’s social horizon, for recreation, performed solely for demonstration of elegance and not and fitness pleasure ↳ name comes from the German word to revolve, turning Social Dance Etiquette with smooth gliding steps Dance etiquette - set of guidelines that help navigate the social ↳ 3/4 time signature counting 1,2,3 dimensions of dancing Social dancing has its own culture, the more formal the dance, the more formal the outfit Do not teach your partner on the dance floor Anticipate the next step. Don’t show off Be confident strive to become a proficient dancer Find mutual topics of interest for conversation, never gossip Social Dance Guidelines Practice correct dancing position even without 1 a partner Maintain a good standing position. Bring out 2 the best in your look Keep your weight over the balls of your feet to make you feel quicker and lighter and place 3 your weight even on the soles of your shoes. No weight on the heel Page 11 9:24AM 10/06/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM Social Dance Guidelines Dance Position Maintain the habit of keeping feet close Waist Swing - in a modified closed ballroom dance 4 together unless you are taking a definite step. positions with R foot and hips adjacent the support Feet apart are not a pretty sight weight of the body on the R foot swing, balance For a graceful dancing, always turn your toes “pull against pull”, leaning away from partners at shoulder 5 out, not in Hungarian or Russian Swing - dancers stand facing in When dancing with a partner, adapt a opposite direction with R(L) hips adjacent, each R(L) 6 comfortable position for both of you; not too arm around each other’s waist in front, on partners close and not too far hip, L(R) arm curved overhead, both lean slightly away Don’t lean forward or backward. Just assume a from each other when turning 7 natural comfortable dancing companion Star post - partners are in opposite directions, their When facing the audience, the lady is at the right hands holding each other, lady facing away from 8 right side of the male audience while gentleman faces the audience Challenge position - partners face each other about a step Dance Position apart without touching Ballroom/Social Dance Position - partners stand face to Cuddle or skating position - woman is at man’s left or face, shoulders, and hips parallel right side, both facing the same direction; one arm of Open or Conversation Position - partners stand side by man is across woman’s back side, both facing the same direction Shoulder-Waist Position - partners face each other; Common Dance Terms boy’s hands on girl’s waist, girl’s hands on boy’s shoulders Address Partner - to bow to partner Cross-Hold Position - partners stand face to face, R Amalgamation - combination of two or more patterns hand joined over L hands, extended about waist or movements level Amateur Dancers - person who is dancing as hobby Promenade Position - partners stand side by side, both and doesn’t seek financial gain from teaching or facing on the same direction, girl at right of partner, dancing hand crossed in front; R hands joined over L Ball change - transfer of weight from the ball of one Schottische Position - partners stand side by side, girl foot to the other foot to R of boy both facing the same direction; boy’s R Basic figure - standardized step pattern, which arm around girl’s waist, her L arm shoulder behind together with other constitute the basics of dance his R shoulder, her L hand resting lightly on that Brush - lightly touch the inside edge of the shoulder, free hand on waist supporting foot Varsovienne Position – partners stand side by side; girls Chasse -composed of three changes of weight with a stand to the R and slightly in front of boy; boy close on the second and may be performed reaches R arm over the girl’s R shoulder and takes sideward or forward her R hand in his, his L holds her L a little above his Choreography - creation or compilation of steps which L shoulder make up the dance or dance routine Swing - a rhythmic rotation of a couple performed with a Close - move the free foot next to supporting foot walking step or shift steps with one change of weight Elbow Swing - hook designated elbows firmly of the Commando - forward or backward rock and close hand carried at the height of the locked elbows; Combination - group of consecutive patterns and while swinging, pull away from partner at shoulders choreography; it’s like amalgamation, but it One Hand Swing - with the elbow bent and down, join sometimes involves slightly more advanced set of the designated hands at shoulder height, in patterns balancing “pull against pull” while swinging, apply Continuity Movement - continuous passing of the step pressure against the thumbs and heels of hands, from one step to the next pulling away at shoulders Contrary body movement - action of turning the Two- Hand Swing - boy present hands at shoulder opposite hip and shoulder toward direction of the height with palms up, elbows close to sides moving leg, used to begin all turning movements and should support while balancing “pull against pull” leaning away at shoulders Page 12  PATHFIT MIDTERM Common Dance Terms Five Pillars of Hip-hop Conversation - position when partners stand side by DJing 1 side, right hand of the gentleman holds focused on turntablism and music mixing the lady’s waist; L arm of the lady placed at the MCing 2 gentleman’s, outside arm at the side involve rapping or vocal expression Corte - in tango, is a stop and change of direction Afrika Bambaataa either forward or backward a pioneering DJ, rapper, and producer who 3 Cuban motion - discreet but expressive hip movement played a key role in the development of hip-hop achieve by bending and straightening the knees culture with carefully timed weight transfer Graffiti Art 4 Dance Sports - official name given to competitive visual art Ballroom Dancing Knowledge Floor chart - ability of the leader to maneuver around 5 emphasizing awareness and cultural the dance floor in a skilled and controlled manner understanding as to avoid colliding with the other dancers Drop - theatrical movement in which the follower’s History of Hip Hop body remains in contact with the floor Hip - was used as African American Vernacular English (AAVE) Fan - half a turn done on the ball of one foot while as early as 1904, the colloquial language meant informed the free foot is kept directly behind the foot on which the turn is made or current, and was likely derived from the earlier form Hip motion - to mean any type of hip movement used hep in Latin dancing James Brown - popularized the dance Good Foot in 1972, Pivot - turning movement during which the free foot which influenced early breaking is kept either in front or directly behind the foot on which the turn is made Top rock - dancers perform while standing up, each Spin - turn done in place using both feet, usually person takes turns dancing done as a couple Up rock - created in Brooklyn, New York; looks like top Variation - varied or more advanced pattern than the rock, but it is more aggressive and looks like a fight corresponding basic figure, which still contains the ↳ performed with partners same main elements DJ Kool Herc - invented the break beat in 1937 M6-8 Hip-Hop Break Beat - rhythmic, musical interlude of a song that a range of street dance styles primarily performed to hip has been looped repeatedly hop music, influenced by a wide range of styles that were created in the 1970s B-boy - stands for break-boy, dance to the break of a ↳ cultural movement best known for its impact on record music in form of musical genre of same name Funk Styles - several street dance styles created in ↳ has its origins in Bronx, New York City during the late California in the 1970s such: 1960s and early 70s Roboting Popping ↳ practiced in both dance studios and outdoor spaces Bopping Electric boogaloo ↳ includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking, Hitting Strutting locking, and popping Locking Sac-ing Bustin' Dime-stopping Hip-hop culture - composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing, rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art Boogaloo - one of the oldest funk dances, originally a ↳ incorporates several iconic elements, most notably 1960s fad dance, later developed into electric DJing and rapping, along with things like beat boxing, boogaloo and the music genre Latin boogaloo sampling, and juggling beats on turntables Locking and popping - most popular funk styles, widely practiced and commercially exposed through the television show Soul Train Page 13  PATHFIT MIDTERM The Lockers and The Electric Boogaloos - dance crews Other Street Dance styles that has strong ties and relationship responsible for the spread of locking and popping with Hip-Hop: performed on Soul Train Locking originally called Campbellocking, was created in Afrika Bambaataa - hip-hop activist and DJ who helped 1969 in Los Angeles, California by Don "Campbellock" coin the term "hip-hop" and popularized it in a 1982 Campbell and popularized by his crew The Lockers magazine interview ↳ The Lock - primary move in locking, similar to a Breakdance - media-created label that incorrectly B freeze grouped funk styles like locking and popping under ↳ Pop-locking - mislabeling of locking and breaking popping as one style, though they are distinct Specific dance moves in locking: 1 Skeeter Hip-hop Social Dancing - Party dancing styles that 2 Scooby Doos 3 Stop 'n Go 4 Which-away developed in the 1980s and 1990s alongside the 5 Points 6 The Fancies 7 The Lock popularity of breaking, locking, and popping Popping Roger Rabbit - novelty dance from the 1980s created in Fresno, California in the 1970s, it involves quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to The Cabbage Patch - popular dance from the 1980s, create a jerking movement, referred to as a pop or named after a song by Gucci Crew II hit, synchronized to music The Worm - dance move involving undulating body ↳ Strobing - popping sub-genre with staccato, motions on the floor jerky movements ↳ Liquid - popping sub-genre where movements The Humpty Dance - novelty dance from the 1990s, are smooth and fluid, appearing like water popularized by Digital Underground C ↳ Floating, Gliding, Sliding - Popping techniques The Running Man - popular dance move from the 1990s, where dancers appear to drift across the floor involving sliding feet back and forth effortlessly Cha Cha Slide - 2000s era social dance with a specific ↳ Tutting - popping style using arms, hands, and routine based on steps to the music wrists to form right angles and geometric shapes, inspired by ancient Egyptian art Cat Daddy - social dance from the 2000s, characterized by rhythmic arm movements ↳ Finger Tutting - variation of tutting focusing on intricate finger movements The Dougie - dance move popularized in the 2000s, Waacking involving shoulder bouncing and arm swinging dance style from the 1970s, characterized by rotational arm movements, posing, and Other Street Dance styles that has strong ties and relationship expressiveness, typically done to disco music with Hip-Hop: D Punking - precursor to waacking, originating in Breaking/B-boying gay clubs of Los Angeles during the disco era first hip-hop dance style created in the South Bronx, New York City during the early 1970s Outrageous Waacking Dancers - Los Angeles-based ↳ with foundational moves like top rock, down waacking dance group, originally known as the A rock, freezes, and power moves Original Punks ↳ breakers dance in cyphers or Apache Lines, often Krump competing in battles highly energetic street dance style from the ↳ Drops - transitions from top rock to down rock early 2000s, characterized by exaggerated movements and meant to express freedom and escape from gang life E ↳ isolating body parts so that one body part is rigid, whilst the other is Swinging, Stomping, or Popping, is a key component of Krumping Clowning - precursor to krumping, initially created as entertainment for children Page 14 2:25PM 10/06/24 PATHFIT MIDTERM 14 Steps of an Old-School Hip-Hop Dances New School Hip-Hop Style The Heavy D Shake Wave 1 Shake moves from the right left with a single 4 make wave motion in front of body like an "s" single-double-double step shape with two dips The Humpy Dance Raise the Roof came later more in the Silver age of HipHop, 5 pretend you are holding an object or pushing 2 this one you could actually do with female and up the roof had its own song with it Heartbeat The Robocop 6 reach left hand up, on left side of body, palm 3 the Robot breaking, powering down, or back up facing the roof The Running Man Janet Jackson classic but it's became diluted and made into touch shoulders, cross over hands on chest, 4 7 joke (much like the Cabbage patch) and you slap thighs ?, turn feet in, out, in while head really couldn't do it with another person turns sharply to the right, repeat The Troop Butterfly 5 it was almost like a stationary running man, but 8 face knees and hands together inwards you could also move forward with it as well Camel The Steve Martin 9 step to the right with foot pointed in same 6 invented by Steve Martin, is movement developed direction from the actor's move in a 1980's film Table 10 The Roger Rabbit pretend a table is front of you and behind you 7 one of the silliest dance moves you've probably D.J. seen 11 pretending to "spin" a record The Reebok Stir the Pot 8 what you did in the middle, you had to shake it 12 pretend you are standing in front of a large pot up and make it funky! Bus Driver The Biz Dance 13 pretend you are resting your hand on a 9 created by the Diabolical Biz Markie (The Inhuman steering wheel Orchestra) one of the funkiest dances around Shopping Cart The Cabbage Patch 14 hold on to imaginary shopping cart with right 10 been played out for a while and definitely made hand fun of, was very popular and easy to do Bart Simpson 15 The Fila step to the right, to the left, to the right twice 11 was a mix of Cabbage Patch and something Seal Walk else, was side to side with a dip 16 bend at the knees followed with left heel The Wop forward tap 12 the dance Point blank period, if you ever did Scissors the Wop... you still do the wop 17 place left foot back and lean in that direction, The Prep then return to right 13 you checked the mirror, dusted off your Twister shoulders 18 twist to left, to the right, to the left then jump The Smurf Fast Kicks 14 it's a big part of the non- dancer's two-step 19 turn to do this move on a diagonal, kick your right leg forward New School Hip-Hop Style Straight Walk 20 Attitude take 3 steps backwards and tap the left foot 1 cross arms at chest *refer to Module 6-8, page 5-7 for detailed step description Bounce to the Beat 092924 4:49AM 2 bend knees and bounce side to side to the beat Disclamer of the music This document might have some typos Fish If you see one, tell Drew :> 3 place hands in "praying" position at waist Some information here could be incorrect, if you suspect one, please do double-check Page End