Final Reviewer PDF

FREEDOM - The human capacity to act (or not to act) as we choose or prefer without any external compulsion or restraint. INTERSUBJECTIVITY - It is the philosophical concept of the interaction between the "self" and the "other". TOTALIZATION - It occurs when one limit the other to a set of rational...

FREEDOM - The human capacity to act (or not to act) as we choose or prefer without any external compulsion or restraint. INTERSUBJECTIVITY - It is the philosophical concept of the interaction between the "self" and the "other". TOTALIZATION - It occurs when one limit the other to a set of rational categories, be they racial, sexual or otherwise. One totalizes the other when one claim he/ she already knew who is that person before they can even speak to. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS -He considers the human being as a moral agent. EDMUND HUSSERL -He believes that intersubjectivity is more than just shared understanding, but it is the capability to put oneself in the place where the other is. ARISTOTLE -He Said "If there were no intellect, there would be no will". Hellen Keller - American author, political activist 1^st^ deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor's degree Nicholas James "Nick" Vujicic - Australian evangelist and motivational speaker who was born with phocomelia, a condition in which a person is born with no arms or legs. Roselle Ambubuyog - 1st visually-impaired Filipino to graduate summa cum laude from Ateneo de Manila University in 2001. Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke - They define the freedom of an individual in the context of having a government to rule them (contract), which is the basis of notion of moral obligation and duty. JEAN PAUL SARTRE - He said "Human being is solely responsible for their actions because we choose who we are". And explains that when you look at a person, the act of objectification allows you to capture that person's freedom to be what he or she wants to be. SOCIAL CONTRACT - An agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority. RESPONSIBILITY - It refers to the person being accountable for his/ her actions and their consequence. Voluntariness -refers to the ability of a person to act out of his/ her own free will and self determination. Physical Freedom - Refers to the absence of any PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. The person has the freedom of mobility to go where he/ she wants to go. Psychological Freedom - Also called as "freedom of choice". The person is free to perform actions that he/ she considers right and wise. Moral Freedom - Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness. Negative Freedom - It considered negative because you failed to use freedom in a responsible manner. Positive Freedom - This is doing the right thing and exercising our freedom in a responsible manner. Absolute freedom -no form of hindrance that would prevent from doing what you want. Dilemma- a situation where a person is forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, neither of which is acceptable. Practical Choice --a choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional considerations. Intellectual Choice --This is a choice which is deliberately selected based on a moral standpoint. Authentic dialogue is a form of interpersonal communication which occurs when people recognize that they are part of a greater whole and can relate with others within the whole. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the systematic questioning and critical examination of the underlying principles of morality. A moral agent is a person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his or her own actions. Moral agents have a moral responsibility not to cause unjustified harm. A moral decision is a choice made based on a person\'s ethics, manners, character, and what they believe is proper behavior. These decisions tend to affect not only our own well-being, but the well-being of others. Dialogue -an interaction between persons that happens through speech, expressions, and body language. **Several ways by which we relate to others** *"I-I"* relationship in which people make themselves the center of their world. Talking to other people do not interest them and if they talk to others, it is the *"I"* who will be the center of the conversation. *I-It"* relationship is the second type of relationship. There are people that treat the other people into the status of an object---an *It*. I-Thou Relationship - It is in this kind of human relations that genuine sharing of one another takes place. It is in this type of relationship that the other is treated as distinctly other, the *I* treats the person as a *Thou* (You) ----as another person who is different from the *I*; one has a different set of interests, visions, beliefs, values, and characteristics. **Three Conditions that must be present in moral dilemmas** 1\. THE PERSON OR A MORAL AGENT ACTION IS OBLIGED TO MAKE A DECISION ABOUT WHICH COURSE OF ACTION IS BEST. 2\. THERE MUST BE DIFFERENT COURSES OF ACTION TO CHOOSE FROM. 3\. NO MATTER WHAT COUSE OF ACTION IS TAKEN, SOME MORAL PRINCIPLES ARE ALWAYS COMPROMISE.