Korean Kingdoms and Joseon Dynasty PDF

Korean Kingdoms and Joseon Dynasty The Korean Peninsula is located between China and Japan. Land of High Mountains and Sparkling Streams - Mountains and streams were dominant characteristics of the Korean terrain. There are so many mountains that only ⅕ of the land can be cultivated. The...

Korean Kingdoms and Joseon Dynasty The Korean Peninsula is located between China and Japan. Land of High Mountains and Sparkling Streams - Mountains and streams were dominant characteristics of the Korean terrain. There are so many mountains that only ⅕ of the land can be cultivated. The DMZ divides the peninsula by separating the North from the South Korea. Gojoseon Before Korea broke up into three kingdoms, it was one single state, a mighty kingdom called Gojoseon. But then, the Han Dynasty invaded and conquered Gojoseon, it broke apart into several different federations of cities.  Three Kingdoms of Korea  Koguryo Largest of the three kingdoms The first to be established and the most advanced in technology, political systems, and culture Founded by Jumong, the first king and ancestor of Koguryo protector of the Korean Peninsula developed a closed ties between China adopted Buddhism Paekche/Baekje was closely connected with all of the major cultures of the area Maintained close cultural ties with China and Japan through maritime trading Buddhism reached Japan from China and Chinese characters spread across Asia Japanese settlement and introduction of culture  Silla/Shilla Weakest among the three kingdoms Eventually became aggressive and very strong Centralized government and highly hierarchical system of social ranks An alliance with the Tang Dynasty of China Queen Seondok built a stone observatory- this structure is for viewing the space - and still stands today  All the Three Kingdoms Shared Similar Culture and Language During the Three Kingdoms period, Chinese culture spread from Koguryo to Paekche to Silla. People started to use the Chinese writing system.  All the Three Kingdoms Shared Similar Culture and Language Accepted the beliefs of Buddhism and Confucianism - each kingdom used China’s government as a model. A powerful king ruled with the help of educated officials and nobles.  Unified Silla In the 500s-600s A.D., the three kingdoms fought wars for control of the Korean Peninsula - Tang Dynasty of China helped Silla to conquer all the other kingdoms.  Unified Silla The rise of Silla brought a time of peace. Society was made up of a few nobles at the top and a large group of famers below. The government gave land to farmers. It also built irrigation systems for rice fields. More food was produced, trade increased, and the economy grew.  Under Silla Dynasty, Korea acknowledged the authority of China, while also preserving their own identity. Over the centuries, Korea came to see its relationship to China as that of a younger brother, who owed respect and loyalty to an older brother. Corruption and power struggle among the nobility helped in the collapse of the Silla kingdom. The collapse of the Tang Dynasty also contributed to the decline of Silla, as Silla was left without a protector.  Koryo dynasty was established and stayed in power for 400 years. The Koryo rulers set up laws, based their civil service system on examinations. Buddhism continued to spread. They improved on other Chinese inventions and perfected the art of making celadon- a pottery known for its green color. Joseon: The Longest Dynasty In 1392, the Korean general Yi Song-gye founded a new dynasty. The new ruling family was known as the Yi dynasty. Yi rulers set up their capital at Hanseong (modern day Seoul in South Korea). Yi rulers reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles.  SEJONG THE GREAT 1394-1450 Sejong was interested in science and technology. Together with his advisers, they worked to spread literacy among the Korean people. HANGUL  Korean Society Yangban - traditional ruling class or the nobles Chungin - were the middle class Sangmin - were the common people, considered clean people but had little social status  Korean Society Cheonmin - lowest of commoners This social class was largely hereditary and based on certain professions considered unclean Includes: slaves, butchers, shamans, shoemakers, magicians, performers  Korean Family lead a family-oriented life where the father is the head of the family Confucius and his teachings have a deep impact on Koreans and that’s why they believe in duty, loyalty, honor and sincerity  Bowing Bowing means showing gratitude and respect to the person you are meeting with  Korean Shamanism has deep roots in folk beliefs. Related to the ancient communal worship rites offered to the gods of heaven.  Korean Buddhism Korean Confucianism Joseon dynasty promoted Confucian philosophies as national philosophy Korean Confucianism Complex system, selectively imported from China, of moral, social, political,and philosophical.  Korean Writing System - Hangul King Sejong explained that the Korean language was different from Chinese Hangul was designed so that even a commoner could learn to read and write.  Korean Writing System - Hangul 14 consonants ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅅㅇㅈㅊㅋㅌㅍ ㅎ 10 vowels 아야어여오요우유으이 Evaluation: 3-2-1 3- influence of Chinese culture to Korean culture 2- similarities of Chinese and Korean cultures 1- difference of Japanese and Korean culture Processing: How was Korea influenced by China and Japan?  Synthesis Reflect on the EU: Societal Processing: changes can affect How do beliefs influence traditional belief action? systems. Foreign contact Do people have the power to challenge belief may result in both systems? How do foreign positive and negative cultures affect a changes in a civilization. civilization?