Aquaculture - Week 2 - Antique Modules - PDF

Aquaculture Prepared by: Victor Marco Emmanuel Ferriols Institute of Aquaculture College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas What is Aquaculture? ...

Aquaculture Prepared by: Victor Marco Emmanuel Ferriols Institute of Aquaculture College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of the Philippines Visayas What is Aquaculture?  What is Aquaculture? The farming of aquatic organisms in inland and coastal areas, involving intervention in the rearing process to enhance production and the individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated (FAO) Fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh, brackish, and marine water areas (RA 8550 – RA 10654)  Aquaculture can be classified according to the following: What is Aquaculture? Aquatic Environment: Freshwater Aquaculture Brackishwater Aquaculture Mariculture Aquasilviculture Species Cultured: Finfish Aquaculture Shrimp Aquaculture Seaweed culture Bivalve Culture Monoculture/Polyculture etc. Aquaculture can be classified according to the following: What is Aquaculture? Systems/Structures Utilized: Ponds Raceways Pens Cages Tanks Level of Intensity: Backyard Aquaculture Extensive Aquaculture Semi-intensive Aquaculture Intensive Aquaculture Super-intensive Aquaculture FOUNDATIONS OF AQUACULTURE  PRODUCTIVITY Rate at which energy/biomass is produced per unit area over a specific period of time (i.e. kcal/m2/year or tons/hectare/year) Primary Productivity Autotrophs (plants, algae) Secondary Productivity Heterotrophs (fish, shrimp, other consumers)  CARRYING CAPACITY The amount of a given activity that can be accommodated within the environmental capacity of a defined area. In aquaculture: usually considered to be the maximum quantity of fish that any particular body of water can support over a long period without negative effects to the fish and to the environment (maximum standing crop). Can be increased through fertilization, supplemental feeding, aeration, and maintenance of water quality.  NUTRIENTS AND FERTILIZERS Nutrients are added to aquaculture systems in order to augment the carrying capacity and increase productivity Nutrients are supplied via the application of fertilizers (either organic or inorganic) Major Nutrients Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)  Nitrogen Nitrogen gas (N2), ammonia (NH4), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3). Phosphorus NUTRIENTS AND Present in natural waters as orthophosphate and FERTILIZERS undifferentiated organic phosphates. In soil, most available between pH 5.5 and 7. Potassium Important in osmoregulation and other metabolic processes in plants.  Organic Fertilizers Manure, composts, domestic sewage NUTRIENTS AND Improves soil structure Source of macro and micro nutrients FERTILIZERS Promotes zooplankton growth Chicken manure is most commonly used in aquaculture (500-1000 kg/ha) Inorganic Fertilizers More precise concentrations of macro- nutrients Classified by percentage of weight of N, P, and K Single element NUTRIENTS AND Urea (45-0-0) FERTILIZERS Superphosphate (0-20-0) Incomplete fertilizer Ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) Complete fertilizer Triple 14 (14-14-14)  NUTRIENTS AND Liming FERTILIZERS To neutralize acid sulfate soils As a prophylactic treatment Raise alkalinity and total hardness Types: Agricultural Lime (CaCO3) Hydrated/Slaked Lime (Ca(OH)2) Quick/Burnt Lime (CaO)  Pond Preparation Drain pond totally Dry for 1-3 weeks until soil cracks Repair gates and dikes; level the pond bottom Eliminate pests and weeds NUTRIENTS AND Teaseed (Camellia dripisera) FERTILIZERS Contains 10-15% saponin 200 kg/ha Tobacco Dust Contains nicotine 15 kg/ha Derris Root Contains rotenone  Pond Preparation Apply lime if needed (for acidic soils) Fertilize with chicken manure and/or inorganic fertilizers by broadcasting evenly NUTRIENTS AND across pond bottom FERTILIZERS Let water in in increments from 5-60 cm depending on natural food to be produced Lablab – 5 to 30 cm Lumot – 30 to 60 cm Microalgae – 60 to 120 cm Thank You!