Aquaculture Introduction (Fish 06) - University of Southern Mindanao PDF

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO FISH 06 Aquaculture Introduction  OUTLINE OF TOPICS Aquaculture Introduction Aquaculture Introduction Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Inland A...

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO FISH 06 Aquaculture Introduction  OUTLINE OF TOPICS Aquaculture Introduction Aquaculture Introduction Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) Aquaculture Introduction  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview 2020 Production and Growth: Total Production: 122.6 million tonnes (live weight), including: Aquatic Animals: 87.5 million tonnes (mainly for human food) Algae: 35.1 million tonnes (for both food and non-food uses) Shells and Pearls: 700 tonnes (for ornamental purposes) Economic Value: USD 281.5 billion (increased by USD 18.5 billion from 2018)  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview 2020 Production and Growth: Growth Rate: 2.7% (lowest in over 40 years), but a net increase of 2.3 million tonnes. Regional Trends: Varied growth across regions; Africa experienced mixed results, with a decline in some areas and growth in others. Major Producers: Chile (Americas), China (Asia), Norway (Europe) led global production growth.  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview Breakdown of Key Aquaculture Production Components Finfish Farming: 57.5 million tonnes (USD 146.1 billion) Inland Aquaculture: 49.1 million tonnes (USD 109.8 billion) Mariculture and Coastal Aquaculture: 8.3 million tonnes (USD 36.2 billion) Finfish accounts for approximately 66% of global aquaculture. Molluscs: 17.7 million tonnes (USD 29.8 billion), mainly bivalves. Crustaceans: 11.2 million tonnes (USD 81.5 billion). Aquatic Invertebrates and Semi-Aquatic Species: 525,000 tonnes (USD 2.5 billion) and 537,000 tonnes (USD 5 billion) respectively.  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview Algae Cultivation Growth in 2020: 1.4% increase to 35.1 million tonnes. Regional Dynamics: Growth in China and Japan offset declines in Southeast Asia and the Republic of Korea. Regional Trends and Long-Term Growth Africa: Mixed results, with significant declines in Egypt and Nigeria offset by growth elsewhere. Asia: Steady but declining growth rates, contributing significantly to global production.  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview Global Trends (1990–2020): Total aquaculture expanded by 609%. Average annual growth rate decreased from 9.5% (1990–2000) to 3.3% (2015–2020).  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production Overview Data Sources for Aquaculture Analysis FAO Global Aquaculture Data (1950–2020): Data adjustments for some countries do not affect global or regional conclusions. In 2020, FAO's data covered 207 countries, representing 97.6% of global production. Official data from 36 out of 61 countries accounted for 98% of global algae production.  Aquaculture Introduction Global Aquaculture Production (2020) Category Producti Value Remarks on (USD (Million Billion) Tonnes) Aquatic Animals 87.5 N/A Primarily for human food - Finfish 57.5 146.1 Dominated by inland aquaculture - Molluscs 17.7 29.8 Mostly bivalves - Crustaceans 11.2 81.5 Significant value contributor - Aquatic Invertebrates 0.525 2.5 Minor contribution - Semi-Aquatic Species 0.537 5.0 Includes turtles and frogs Algae 35.1 N/A Marine macroalgae dominate Shells & Pearls 0.0007 N/A Ornamental use  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Production Distribution and Key Producers Asia's Dominance in Aquaculture: Asia contributed 91.6% of global aquaculture production in 2020. Within Asia, countries like Mongolia, Timor-Leste, and several Central and West Asian nations lag in aquaculture development, needing acceleration to tap into their potential. Regional disparities in aquaculture development have persisted for decades.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers China’s Leading Role: Since 1991, China (mainland) has produced more aquaculture output than the rest of the world combined. In 2020, China accounted for 56.7% of global farmed aquatic animals and 59.5% of algal farming. Species and Regional Specialization: Inland Aquaculture: Dominated by finfish production, led by middle-income countries.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Species and Regional Specialization: Mariculture: Norway and Chile lead in coldwater species (e.g., Atlantic salmon) in fjord regions, while China produces diverse warmwater species. Crustaceans: Marine shrimp farming is prevalent in brackish- water ponds, crucial for foreign exchange in Asia and Latin America. Marine Molluscs: China far outproduces other nations, while countries like New Zealand, France, and Spain rely heavily on marine bivalves for their aquaculture output.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Region/Country Notable Percentage of Production Aquaculture Production (Marine Bivalves) New Zealand Marine Bivalves 86.9% France Marine Bivalves 75.4% Spain Marine Bivalves 74.8% Republic of Korea Marine Bivalves 69.7% Italy Marine Bivalves 61.6% Japan Marine Bivalves 51.8% World Average Marine Bivalves 18.4% (Aquaculture)  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Aquaculture’s Contribution to Total Fisheries and Aquaculture Production Global Aquaculture Growth: In 2020, aquaculture contributed 49.2% to the total fisheries and aquaculture output, a significant rise from 13.4% in 1990. Aquaculture growth has been particularly strong in densely populated developing countries, contributing more than half of their total fisheries production.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Aquaculture’s Contribution to Total Fisheries and Aquaculture Production Regional Contributions: Asia: Aquaculture comprises 61.9% of the region’s total fisheries production. Africa: Without Egypt, the continent’s aquaculture share drops to just 6.6%, the lowest globally. Income Level Analysis: Upper-Middle-Income Countries: Aquaculture’s share grew from 19.8% in 1990 to 61.7% in 2020.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Aquaculture’s Contribution to Total Fisheries and Aquaculture Production Lower-Middle-Income Countries: Contribution rose from 14.7% to 46.2% over the same period. High-Income Countries: Despite doubling aquaculture production from 3.1 million tonnes in 1990 to 6.8 million tonnes in 2020, their share in total fisheries output is just 23% due to declining capture fisheries. Low-Income Countries: Aquaculture’s share remains low, rising only slightly from 3.7% in 1990 to 8% in 2020.  Aquaculture: Global Production, Distribution, and Major Producers Income Level 1990 2020 Aquaculture Aquaculture Share Share Upper-Middle-Income 19.8% 61.7% Countries Lower-Middle-Income 14.7% 46.2% Countries High-Income Countries 7.6% 23% Low-Income Countries 3.7% 8% Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 1. Inland Aquaculture: Overview and Key Data The term “inland aquaculture” is used in global reports like The State of World Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022 to encompass aquaculture practices in freshwater and modified saline waters. Production Data (2020): Total production: 54.4 million tonnes (44.4% of global aquaculture production). Inland farming of aquatic species: 62.2% of total aquaculture production. Finfish dominate inland aquaculture across all regions globally  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 1. Inland Aquaculture: Overview and Key Data Regional and Technological Variations: Culture methods: Diverse across regions, using facilities ranging from low-tech earthen ponds to sophisticated, integrated systems. Common methods: Earthen pond culture is most widespread, followed by cage and pen culture. Local and national policies differ in regulating the use of public waterbodies for aquaculture.  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 1. Inland Aquaculture: Overview and Key Data Case Studies: In the Philippines and Indonesia, cage and pen culture have seen significant growth in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. China’s Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016–2020) focused on greening natural resource-based activities, leading to the removal of most cage and pen setups in inland areas  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 1. Inland Aquaculture: Overview and Key Data Culture Method Regions/Countries Production Challenges/Trends with Significant Use Earthen Pond Global Dominant method due to Culture simplicity and adaptability Cage Culture Southeast Asia, China Environmental concerns lead to policy-driven reduction Pen Culture Southeast Asia Subject to local policy variations regarding waterbody use  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 2. Mariculture and Coastal Aquaculture: Overview and Production Trends Mariculture: Entire production cycle occurs in the sea (e.g., sea mussels) or partially (grow-out phase only) for species like Atlantic salmon, which start in freshwater hatcheries. Coastal Aquaculture: Typically involves constructed ponds in intertidal zones or coastal shores and is crucial for livelihoods and economic development in coastal regions, especially in Asia and Latin America.  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 2. Mariculture and Coastal Aquaculture: Overview and Production Data (2020): Global production: 68.1 million tonnes (33.1 million tonnes of aquatic animals; 35 million tonnes of algae). Finfish from coastal aquaculture: 3.1 million tonnes (37.4% of the combined production from mariculture and coastal aquaculture). Crustaceans predominantly sourced from coastal aquaculture. The contribution of coastal aquaculture to the production of marine algae, molluscs, and other aquatic animals is relatively minor.  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 2. Mariculture and Coastal Aquaculture: Overview and Challenges in Data Interpretation: Aggregation issues make it difficult to separate mariculture and coastal aquaculture production for certain finfish species. Preliminary data analysis highlights the need for careful interpretation  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 2. Mariculture and Coastal Aquaculture Species Group Mariculture vs. Coastal Regional Contribution Aquaculture (2020) Finfish Both systems are heavily used, Coastal aquaculture: 3.1 data often aggregated million tonnes (37.4%) Crustaceans Mainly from coastal aquaculture Dominant source for crustaceans Molluscs and Easier to distinguish between Relatively smaller shares Other mariculture and coastal Invertebrates aquaculture Marine Algae Coastal aquaculture contributes Coastal aquaculture: 4.2%  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 3. Key Concepts and Principles Definitions and Distinctions: Inland Aquaculture: Encompasses freshwater and modified saline water systems. Mariculture: Fully or partially sea-based aquaculture practices. Coastal Aquaculture: Land-based and intertidal aquaculture, often involving constructed ponds.  Inland Aquaculture and Mariculture 3. Key Concepts and Principles Technological and Policy Trends: Regional variation in aquaculture practices depends on species targeted, environmental factors, and policy regulations. Sustainable practices, especially in China, emphasize reducing environmental impacts (e.g., green initiatives and license limitations). Economic and Social Importance: Aquaculture plays a crucial role in coastal and inland communities, providing livelihoods, food security, and economic development. Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity  Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Aquaculture Production: Fed vs. Non-Fed Systems Shift Toward Fed Aquaculture: Fed aquaculture has increasingly outpaced non-fed production. Non-fed aquaculture’s share declined from over 40% pre-2000 to 27.8% in 2020. Non-Fed Aquaculture Stability: Despite the decline in percentage, non- fed aquaculture maintained stable absolute production at 24.3 million tonnes in 2020. Breakdown of Non-Fed Production: Filter-Feeding Finfish: Inland production of 8.2 million tonnes (mainly silver carp and bighead carp). Aquatic Invertebrates: Marine bivalves dominated with 16.2 million tonnes.  Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Aquaculture Production: Fed vs. Non-Fed Systems Blurred Lines Between Fed and Non-Fed: In multi-species polyculture, feeds intended for fed species benefit filter-feeders, leading to less distinct boundaries between the two systems. Regional Insights (Africa): Introduction of filter-feeding carps failed to take hold in the 1950s-60s, giving way to tilapia and catfish. Challenges exist in developing native filter-feeders for low-cost inland polyculture. Coastal Aquaculture Potential: Marine mollusc farming through international hatcheries offers growth opportunities.  Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Diversity of Farmed Aquatic Species Global Species Diversity: Aquaculture spans a wide range of species adapted to varied conditions worldwide. FAO Data Coverage (1950–2020): Total Units (“Species Items”): 652 species items. Breakdown by Species Type: Finfish: 313 species across 186 genera. Molluscs: 88 species. Crustaceans: 49 species. Algae: 31 species. Other Groups: 13 species (e.g., cyanobacteria, frogs, aquatic turtles). Species Data Collection Limitations: FAO data provides a baseline but underrepresents the true diversity, especially hybrids and lesser-known species.  Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Dominant Species in Aquaculture Category Dominant Species 2020 Share (%) in Category Production (Tonnes) Inland Finfish Grass Carp 5.8 million 11.8% of global inland aquaculture Aquaculture 23 Other Key Species N/A 78.7% of total finfish production Marine and Atlantic Salmon 2.7 million 32.6% of marine/coastal finfish Coastal aquaculture Aquaculture 21 Other Key Species (e.g., N/A 75.6% of all mariculture finfish Milkfish) Air-Breathing Species from Pangasiidae (47%), 6.2 million 12.6% of total inland finfish farming Finfish Clariidae (26.5%), Channidae (10.5%)  Aquaculture Production and Species Diversity Dominant Species in Aquaculture Air-Breathing Fish: The share of air-breathing fish in global production increased from under 3% until the mid-2000s to around 13% in recent years, though a slight decline was seen in 2020 due to lower production in Vietnam. Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Key Facts and Figures Territorial Water Area: The Philippines has an extensive territorial water area of 2.2 million square kilometers, including its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Fisheries Contribution to National Economy: Fisheries sector accounts for 1.2% of the GDP. The country is ranked 8th globally in terms of production volume. In 2018, the annual production was 4.356 million metric tons (MT), valued at over Php 265 billion.  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Key Facts and Figures Employment and Livelihood: The sector provides approximately 1.6 million jobs, including low- income subsistence fishers. Fisheries contribute over 50% of animal protein for human consumption.  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Key Facts and Figures Production Trends (2018-2020) Municipal and Aquaculture Sectors: Production volume increased slightly in 2019, followed by a dip in 2020, but remained above 2018 levels. Prices followed the same trend as production volume. Commercial Fisheries: Production volume saw consistent, although slight, increases from 2018 to 2020. The value of production decreased in 2020 due to lower prices, despite higher production.  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Key Facts and Figures Foreign Trade Performance 2018 Trade Statistics: Export Value: US$ 1,583 million. Import Value: US$ 673 million. Net Surplus: US$ 911 million. 2020 Trade Statistics: Export Value: US$ 606 million (Statista, 2021).  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Conceptual Breakdown of the Philippine Fishing Industry Legal Framework: Republic Act 8550 (Fisheries Code) Fishing Industry Sectors: Commercial Fishers: Fishing with passive or active gear beyond subsistence or sports purposes. Municipal Fishers: Fishing within municipal waters (up to 15 km from shore) using vessels ≤ 3 gross tons (GT) or no vessels. Aquaculture: Includes inland and coastal aquaculture operations.  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Classification of Fishing Activities Sector Definition Vessel Size Small-Scale Passive or active gear, primarily for 3.1 – 20 GT trade or business. Medium-Scale Active gears primarily for 20.1 – 150 GT commercial purposes. Large-Scale Active gears for industrial-level > 150 GT fishing. Municipal Fishing Fishing within municipal waters, ≤ 3 GT or non- typically for subsistence. vessel-based  Overview of Philippine Fisheries: An Update Principles and Policy Insights Fisheries Management: The framework emphasizes a structured classification system (small, medium, large) to regulate commercial fishing activities based on vessel size and gear type. The Fisheries Code promotes the sustainable use of resources while balancing economic needs and conservation. Food Security and Livelihood: The fisheries sector is critical for providing employment, nutrition, and ensuring food security, especially for low-income communities engaged in subsistence fishing.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Agriculture and Fisheries Census 2012: The latest comprehensive data on the aquaculture subsector is derived from the 2012 Agriculture and Fisheries Census (PSA 2012). Aquaculture farms are categorized into two groups: Household Farms: These include individual proprietorships and partnerships. Non-Household Farms: These include corporations, cooperatives, private institutions, government entities, and others. Key Insight: Almost all aquaculture farms are household-operated, which almost equals the total number of aquafarms.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Aquaculture Farm Types and Environments: Fishponds are the most prevalent type, followed by seaweed farms and fish cages. Environmental Distribution: Freshwater: Hosts more than half of fishponds and fish cages. Brackish Water: Accounts for at least one-third of both fishponds and fish cages. Marine Water: Exclusively contains seaweed farms.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Aquaculture Farm Types and Environments: Environmental Distribution: Fishpens: Found across all environments, with a predominant presence in freshwater. Shellfish Farms: Oyster Farms: Mostly found in brackish water. Mussel Farms: Predominantly in marine water.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Distribution of Aquaculture Facilities: Fish Tanks vs. Hatcheries: Fish tanks are more numerous than hatcheries across most regions, especially in Regions 4-B and 10, where fish tanks outnumber hatcheries five to one. Farm Operators and Farm Distribution: There are slightly more aquafarms than operators, indicating some operators manage multiple farms.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Regional Comparison: ARMM leads with 20,000 farms and almost as many operators, nearly double the next region. Regions 3, 4-A, 4-B, 5, and 6 form a cluster with similar figures (10,000-15,000 farms), followed by Regions 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 (5,000-10,000 farms).  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Production Volume (2019): Dominant Species: Seaweed production dominates at 64% of total output. Finfish Production: Milkfish is the leading finfish species, followed closely by tilapia. Other Commodities: Shrimps and prawns constitute 3% of production, while other species contribute the remaining 4%..  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Subsector Performance (2016-2020) Production Trends: A significant dip in production occurred in 2016, following a relatively high output in 2014-2015. Recovery from 2016 shows a steady increase until 2019, surpassing 2015 levels. A slight decline in production is observed in 2020, though levels remain higher than in 2018.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Subsector Overview Subsector Performance (2016-2020) Global Ranking of the Philippines in Aquaculture: Top 15 Aquaculture Producers Worldwide: Seaweed Production: Ranked 4th globally. Marine and Coastal Molluscs (Mussels, Oysters): Ranked 14th. Top 10 Rankings: Achieved in the production of seaweeds, marine/coastal finfish, and marine/coastal crustaceans.  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Summary Tables Types of Aquaculture Farms and Environments: Farm Type Freshwater (%) Brackish Water Marine Water (%) (%) Fishpond >50 ~33 - Fish Cage >50 ~33 - Fishpen 50 ~25 ~25 Seaweed Farm - - 100 Oyster Farm - Majority - Mussel Farm - - Majority  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Summary Tables Aquaculture Production (2019): Species Contribution (%) Seaweeds 64 Milkfish ~15 Tilapia ~10 Shrimps/Prawns 3 Others 4  Aquaculture in the Philippines: Summary Overview Summary Tables Global Ranking of the Philippines in Aquaculture: Category Global Rank Seaweed Production 4th Marine and Coastal 14th Molluscs (Mussels) Marine and Coastal Finfish Top 10 Marine and Coastal Top 10 Crustaceans Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Key Aquaculture Commodities Covered: Milkfish (Bangus) Tilapia Shrimp (Tiger prawn, Pacific white shrimp, Giant freshwater prawn) Seaweeds Shellfish (Mussels and Oysters) Mudcrab  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 1. Milkfish (Bangus): Target: Annual growth of 4%. Performance (2014-2020): Production met targets in 2016 and 2017. Decline observed in 2018. Production gradually returned to 2017 levels but remained below target from 2018 onwards.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 2.Tilapia: Target: Similar growth rate aimed at 4% per year. Performance (2014-2020): Production consistently below targets throughout the CNFIDP period. Slight production growth up to 2019, but a significant decline to 2016 levels in 2020.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 3. Shrimp: Target: 10% annual growth for combined shrimp species. Species Covered: Tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), Pacific white shrimp (P. vannamei), Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Performance (2014-2020): Tiger prawn production saw a downtrend, significantly affecting overall shrimp performance. Pacific white shrimp production increased but was insufficient to offset the decline in tiger prawn production. Targets were unmet across the period.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 4. Seaweeds: Target: 25% growth over five years. Performance (2016-2020): Production consistently fell short of targets since 2016.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 5. Shellfish (Mussels and Oysters): Target: 10% increase over five years. Performance (2016-2020): Mussel production kept pace with demand until 2018, then declined, failing to meet targets in 2019 and 2020. Oyster production consistently below target until 2020, when a dramatic increase exceeded the set target.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Performance Overview by Commodity: 6. Mudcrab: Target: 5.4% increase over five years. Performance (2016-2020): Surpassed targets consistently from 2016 to 2018. Production plateaued after 2018 but remained above the set targets.  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Visual Representation of Trends Commodity Targeted Performance Notable Trends Growth Summary Milkfish 4% annually Initial success, followed Targets met only in 2016-2017, by decline fell short after Tilapia 4% annually Consistently below Growth up to 2019, decline in target 2020 Shrimp 10% annually Unmet targets Decline in P. monodon hinders overall growth Seaweeds 25% over 5 years Targets consistently Shortfall from 2016 onwards unmet  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Visual Representation of Trends Commodity Targeted Performance Notable Trends Growth Summary Mussels 10% over 5 years Initial success, later Met demand until 2018, decline declined in 2019-2020 Oysters 10% over 5 years Below target, later Large increase in 2020, exceeded in 2020 surpassing target Mudcrab 5.4% over 5 years Consistently above Plateau in 2018, remained target above target  Aquaculture Commodity Performance under CNFIDP 2016-2020 Key Concepts and Principles: Production Trends vs. Targets: The majority of aquaculture commodities failed to meet the targeted growth rates set in the CNFIDP, except for mudcrab, which consistently outperformed the targets. Species-Specific Challenges: Declines in key species like tiger prawn and inconsistent trends in milkfish and tilapia highlight challenges in maintaining production stability. Unexpected Surges: The significant increase in oyster production in 2020 is a rare positive deviation, demonstrating potential for targeted recovery. Strategic Adjustments Needed: The discrepancies between planned targets and actual production emphasize the need for reassessing growth strategies and addressing species-specific issues. Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan)  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) 1. Production Performance and Proposed Targets (2016-2020 vs. 2021-2025) Overview: The production performance of key aquaculture commodities between 2016 and 2020 fell short of the targets set in the previous CNFIDP, except for shellfish and mudcrab. The proposed targets for the new CNFIDP (2021-2025) have been adjusted based on the previous performance, commodity maps, and current targets: Tilapia, Shrimp, Seaweed: Targets reduced due to prior underperformance. Milkfish: Increased target by 2%. Shellfish: Increased target by 2.5 times. Mudcrab: Increased target by 5 times.  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) 2. Strategies for CNFIDP 2020-2025 Continuation of Six Key Strategies: The updated plan builds on the previous strategies and incorporates inputs from consultations, existing national plans (e.g., Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022), and commodity roadmaps. Key roadmaps include: Philippine Milkfish Industry Roadmap 2021-2040 Tilapia Industry Roadmap 2021-2025 Shrimp Roadmap 2021-2040 Shellfish Commodity Industry Roadmap (TnT Roadmap) Philippine Seaweed (Kappaphycus) Industry Roadmap 2022- 2026  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) 3. Priority Actions for 2020-2025 Priority Clusters: Actions are organized under the categories of production, governance, funding, human resources, postharvest, marketing, and research & development (R&D). These clusters reflect stakeholder discussions during consultations.  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) Strategies Issues/Concerns/Gaps Suggested Interventions Establishment/ - Lack of hatcheries and grow- - Support for the establishment of Upgrading of out facilities in provinces production, processing, and post- Aquaculture - Effect of natural events harvest facilities Facilities - Overused facilities Adoption of - Low awareness and skills in - Capacity-building activities for Good Good Aquaculture Practices technical skills improvement Aquaculture (GAP) - Support for technological Practices - Low production volumes improvements to boost production Registration - Mismanagement and - Training on registration/accreditation and malpractices in aquaculture processes and documentation for Accreditation systems fisherfolk and relevant agencies of Aquaculture - Lack of knowledge about  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) Strategies Issues/Concerns/Gaps Suggested Interventions Investing in - Limited public sector support - Collaboration between sectors to Species with - Insufficient financial and scale up species with commercial High technical resources potential Commercial Potential Mariculture - Low survivability and suitability - Training in management techniques Parks - Financial challenges in - Investment in facility construction maintaining facilities and maintenance Early Warning - Lack of training on climate- - Seminars and access to advanced Systems for resilient aquaculture technologies to sustain aquaculture Aquaculture - Unpredictable natural events operations in varying conditions  Aquaculture in the CNFIDP (Comprehensive National Fisheries Industry Development Plan) Conclusion: The CNFIDP 2020-2025 emphasizes addressing the shortfalls of the previous plan by tempering production targets for key commodities while enhancing facilities, technology adoption, and governance practices. Collaboration between stakeholders and targeted interventions are central to improving aquaculture performance in the Philippines. - END -