Philippine Aquaculture Setting PDF

Philippine (Inland) Setting and Production Profile AQUA 3115: AQUACULTURE Aries Paul D. Padron Lecturer WORLD FISH PRODUCTION  Fish farming was dominated by Asia with 89% contribution to the global fish production Biggest contributor is China both in Aquaculture (57.9% of the global aquacultur...

Philippine (Inland) Setting and Production Profile AQUA 3115: AQUACULTURE Aries Paul D. Padron Lecturer WORLD FISH PRODUCTION  Fish farming was dominated by Asia with 89% contribution to the global fish production Biggest contributor is China both in Aquaculture (57.9% of the global aquaculture) and Capture fisheries Other major producing countries are Bangladesh, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Norway and Viet Nam SOURCE:FAO SEAWEEDS Philippines is the 4 th largest producer of aquatic plants (Eucheuma and Kappaphycus) Ja pa nese Kelp (Laminaria japonica) ha s the largest production in the world MO S T CULTURED FINFISH in the WORLD 1. Carp 2. 3. 4. 5. - Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus - Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichtys molitrix - Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio - Big head Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Tilapia - Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Catfish - Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus - Clarias spp. Salmon - Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar Milkfish - Chanos chanos TOP PRODUCING COUNTRY BY S P E C I E S (FAO 2018) Rank CARP TILAPIA SHRIMP CATFISH MILKFISH* 1 China China China Indonesia Indonesia 2 India Indonesia Indonesia Viet Nam Philippines 3 Bangladesh Egypt Viet Nam China Taiwan 4 Myanmar Bangladesh India India 5 Indonesia Brazil Ecuador* Bangladesh 6 Viet Nam Philippines Thailand Nigeria 7 Pakistan Viet Nam Mexico USA 8 Russia Thailand Bangladesh Thailand 9 Iran Colombia Brazil Cambodia 10 Egypt Ghana Philippines Malaysia Philippine Fisheries Production 26.7% 52.8% 20.5% Aquaculture Commercial Fisheries Municipal Fisheries Number of Registered Fisherfolks engaged in Fishery Activities by type of Livelihood, 2020 49.5 % 11.9 % 11.2 % 6.3 % 1.9 % 19.2 % PHILIPPINE AQUACULTURE Aquaculture in the Philippines started with Milkfish culture in Rizal province (1863) Species are commonly cultured in earthen ponds, concrete tanks, pens and cages (floating and submerged) Culture system varies from extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture Production areas are brackishwater and freshwater ponds, lakes, rivers, dams mariculture areas and indoor Philippines has a very diverse aquaculture in terms of species cultured. Summary of Aquaculture Production by Region and Culture Environment, 2020 (in MT) PHILIPPINE AQUACULTURE 2020 Cultured Seaweeds Quantity (metric tons) Percentage (%) 1,468,653.26 65.60 Milkfish 414,488.93 18.51 Tilapia 263,871.29 11.79 Shrimps/Prawns 70,474.77 3.15 Others 21,344.81 0.95 Total 2,238,833.06 100.00 3.15 0.95 Seaweeds 11.79 Milkfish Tilapia 18.51 65.6 Shrimp/Prawn others TOP P R O D U C E R S BY REGION (PSA, 2019) MILKFISH Top 5 Region 1 I 2 VI 3 Ilocos Region TILAPIA Quantity (MT) Top 5 Region Quantity (MT) 116,796 1 III Central Luzon 131,486.75 Western Visayas 97,265 2 IV-A CALABARZON 82,177.51 III Central Luzon 66,960 3 I Ilocos Region 17,683.62 4 IV-A CALABARZON 53,227 4 V Bicol Region 10,141.80 5 X Northern Mindanao 15,185 5 ARMM Luzon 253,063.99 61.74 Luzon Visayas 108,907.36 26.57 % Mindanao 47,935.24 11.69 % 409,906.59 100 % Total ARMM 9,518.43 254,444.95 91.08 % Visayas 5,210.08 1.86 % Mindanao 19,730.83 7.06 % 279,385.86 100 % Total Shrimp Production 2020 TOP VANNAMEI PRODUCING PROVINCES 2020 Sarangani 2,471.85 Cebu 4,565.72 665.78 838.51 Zambales 1,040.60 1,170.70 2,344.32 1,658.09 Cagayan Bohol Batangas 2,167.07 1,668.59 2,021.25 Davao del Sur Negros Occidental Negros Oriental South Cotabato Philippine Shrimp prpordoudcutc iotnion Majority of the produced shrimp (92% of the production) are consumed locally Philippines also exports shrimp to J a p a n , U S A and South Korea Large part of the Vannamei production in the country is from independent enterprise farm and vertically integrated companies There are about 5,654 hectares (949 farms) accredited grow-out vannamei farms but only 35% is used in semi-intensive and intensive culture In terms of harvest, 90% of the total shrimp production came from intensive farms Types of Aquaculture System Land-based systems - earthen ponds (irrigated or flow-through), tanks and raceways Species Cultured in Ponds/Tanks Milkfish Tilapia P. monodon P. vannamei Catfish Eel Carp Crab Soft shell crab farming Tank-based eel farming Intensive vannamei farming in lined ponds Intensive vannamei farming in earthen ponds - Anguilla bicolor pacifica (higher demand) and Anguilla marmorata - Kuroko size for export (pencil size) – 6 months culture - Wild caught (Cagayan and Cotabato) Water-based system - cages and pens (inshore and offshore) cage - net enclosures with a bottom barrier and are installed above the natural bed or bottom of a body of water and may be fixed the bottom or kept afloat by drums, buoys or bamboo poles. Floating cage Taal Lake Submerged cage Buhi Lake Fixed cage Lake Sebu Pen - net enclosures installed around an area using the natural bed of the lake or sea as the bottom. Milkfish/Tilapia Pen Laguna Lake Milkfish Pen Panguil Bay Grouper Pen Camarines Norte Species Cultured in Pens and Cages Milkfish Tilapia Pompano Green grouper Rabbitfish Seabass Grouper Lobsters FLOATING C A G E S T R U C T UR E S Bamboo only G.I. Pipe + drums Bamboo + drums HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Milkfish Cages in river Recycling system - recirculating water, mostly indoor set-up - high control enclosed system with filtration - commonly culture species are Crabs, Shrimp, Tilapia and Catfish Integrated farming system - aquaculture integrated to plant farming and other livestock - Aquaponics, Fish-Condo system, rice-fish farming CULTURE S Y S T E M Based on the degree of management and overall control A. Extensive Approach Features Low stocking density (1-3 fish/m3) No or very minimal artificial feeding (fish relies entirely on natural food) Requires application of fertilizer (organic and/or inorganic) to enhance the growth of natural food Exchange/addition of water maybe minimal Advantages Requires less inputs Less risk and easier to manage Disadvantages Duration of culture maybe longer Requires wider/bigger space to produce more fish Fish harvested may have off flavor B. Semi-intensive Approach Features Moderate stocking density Requires supplementation of artificial food (partial to full feeding) Requires application of fertilizer (organic and/or inorganic) to enhance the growth of natural food Advantage More fish produced per unit area Lesser risk compared to intensive Disadvantage Fish harvested may have off flavor C. Intensive Approach Features High stocking density Full feeding Controlled condition Advantages Maximum production per unit area Higher quality and market value of harvested fish Not prone to natural calamities such as flood and typhoon (tank) Bigger profit Disadvantages Higher cost of investment because of higher inputs Provision for mechanical aeration is required/necessity Prone to disease infection and stress Philippine National Standard (PNS) SHRIMP AQUACULTURE GENERATION Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 Generation 4 Generation 5 Large pond (5-30 ha.) No aeration; Dependent on Tide 1-2 ha pond area With aeration; Supplemental feeding 0.5-1 ha pond area More aeration Biosecurity Domesticated shrimp 10-20 tons/ha 0.2-0.5 ha pond area 800 to 2,000 sq.m Intensive aeration using Total water recirculation Lined ponds using HDPE More control on the 0.5-3 tons production 3-12 tons/ha Paddle wheels, blowers Toilet; recirculation Total waste capture environment Auto-feeder Shorter culture period 15-40 tons/ha 30-60 tons/ha CURRENT AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY TREND R A S (Recirculating Aquaculture System) - are designed to continually filter, treat and reuse water and thus increasing operational efficiency while reducing risks from pollution and pathogens - It involves series of system components designed to accomplish mechanical filtration (removal of solids), biological filtration (nitrification), re-aeration and degassing of water and temperature control - commonly used in areas with limited water source - Species fit to this system are crabs, shrimp, tilapia and catfish IPRS – In Pond Raceway System Super-intensive culture method that was first tried in the country using Tilapia. USSEC has worked to allow more efficient use of water resources in a pond setting by developing and extending the IPRS production technology “River in a pond” Widespread in China already, now being promoted globally Industrial scale production, can increase yield up to three times that of traditional pond culture. Biofloc Technology Biofloc is the accumulation of primary auto and heterotrophic bacteria loosely bound by bacterial mucus. Diatoms+Protozoans+Various Planktons+Prebiotic and Probiotic+Algae Basic Requirement (sunlight, carbohydrate source and plenty of aeration) Positive effects Provide additional nutritious food source and improve feed utilization (lower FCR) Reduce water utilization and waste generation (minimize need for water exchange) Lower down aquaculture pollution Best for Tilapia and Shrimp Culture Can be done in ponds or tanks, indoor and outdoor Vertical Crab Farming - use for crab fattening Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) or Flow through system 250-300g initial ABW; 15 to 45 days fattening - 3-5% Feed rate can be set-up in urban areas (Artificial Brackishwater) Source: Primera Crab Farm Small Pond Intensive Shrimp Farming - Less than 2,000 sq.m pond area Circular elevated ponds and common pond dimension Commonly installed with H D P E pond liner Also uses smaller nursery pond (3k-5k fry stocks/cu.m for more or less 30 days) Higher stocking density (200 fry per cu.m up in grow-out pond) Innovative Production trends in Major Aquaculture species Shrimp super intensive small farms, recirculating with biomanipulator use of nursery pond from PL to 3-5g before transferring to grow-out ponds Crabs indoor/vertical with recirculating systems Farming using formulated feeds Tilapia cage culture using floating feeds stocking of larger fingerlings; stocking larger fry size Modular method in cage culture (uses 2 or more cages in single stocking) Milkfish high stocking in HDPE cages in Mariculture Parks; off-shore Mariculture Milkfish nursery using micropellets ready for cage culture (25-50g) Garungan style Major Challenges in Aquaculture Industry Inconsistency of fry supply Availability of good quality fry Dependency on imported fry and raw materials for feeds High production cost Low value addition Low export volume Low production volume of high value species High investment capital Disease outbreaks Natural calamities SOME AQUACULTURE INNOVATIONS Shrimp Disease Detection Kit (The Juan Amplification - JAmp) - Developed by UST - 2nd Place in Creative Research Category (Likha Award) of the NICE (2016) Crabifier - a crab species identifier App - developed by DLSU College of Computer Studies Automated Lab-lab harvester - DOST project Juan Algae Paste - UP Visayas Aquashade Technology Induced Molting through Melatonin Immersion Priorities for Future Technology Innovation in Aquaculture (Global Conference on Aquaculture) 1. Complete independence from natural stocks through DOMESTICATION 2. Improved/more cost-effective SEED PRODUCTION 3. Better targeted SPECIES SELECTION 4. Development of more efficient stocks through SELECTIVE BREEDING 5. More MICROBIAL MANAGEMENT for more sustainable production 6. Better understanding of IMMUNE SYSTEMS in vertebrates and invertebrates 7. More INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS for plant and animal farming 8. COASTAL OFF-SHORE FARMS of food and energy 9. Full independence from fisheries stocks for LIPID AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS in aquatic feeds 10. More attention for INTEGRATION of restocking activities with FISHERIES management FUTURE O F AQUACULTURE Offshore Mariculture parks Indoor RAS Aquaculture Smart farms Effective recirculating systems Utilization of algae Value-adding Disease management Diagnostic test kits IOT (aquaculture app) Effective raw materials substitution Additional species for culture THANK YOU!