Cultural Evolution in Asia PDF

Cultural Evolution in Asia Recall: What is culture? - Capabilities acquired by men and women as a member of the society. What is evolution? - The gradual development of something, especially from simple to more complex.  What i...

Cultural Evolution in Asia Recall: What is culture? - Capabilities acquired by men and women as a member of the society. What is evolution? - The gradual development of something, especially from simple to more complex.  What is the difference between biological and cultural evolution?  [biological evolution] is change in the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generations In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. “Prehistory”  AGES IN PREHISTORY  STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC NEOLITHIC MESOLITHIC  PALEOLITHIC AGE 2,500,00 BCE - 10,000 BCE PALEOS = OLD LITHIC = STONE also called the Old Stone Age. It is the earliest part of “stone age”. begins with the first use of stone tools. They live in a “nomadic” way. Economy and Society What role did men and women in a hunter-gatherer society? Men - hunting Women - gathering - no private property or social distinctions. - Women possessed some small of items during migrations. - Gender equality. Economy and Society - Systematic hunting using special tools and some tactics. - Permanent settlements were established in areas with abundant food resources (grains, fish). Neanderthal Man  Neanderthal Man - Neander Valley, Germany - First fully modern human beings - physically and mentally. First human to bury their dead. Afterlife - made clothes with animal skin. - lived in caves and tent. Cro - Magnon Man Cro - Magnon Man - early forms of Homo-sapiens (wise,wise human). - first human beings of the fully modern type - direct descendants of modern day humans. - Interested in fashion an art. - Humans during this period found shelter in caves. - cave paintings were left behind.  Mesolithic Period - other known as the middle stone age. - a period of transition from Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age. MAIN FEATURES OF MESOLITHIC AGE Mesolithic age is basically the blend of two societies, existing almost at the same time according to their immediate environment. Pastoral Societies Horticultural Societies Not only use stone but bones, - Bows and arrows - Fish hooks and harpoons MAIN FEATURES: - Farming communities began to established. - the late Mesolithic hunters are known to have developed pottery and sedentary lifestyle. MAIN FEATURES: 1. Hunter - gatherers began to store food in a container (Surplus food). 2. Less reliance on large mammals for food - more on fish. 3. Domestication of animals began. 4. Used of animals and much developed tools, instead of human and in a nomadic life. 5. Developed stone tools (microliths). 6. War was frequent as compare to Paleolithic age. 7. Governance started. NEO = NEW NEOLITHIC AGE LITHIC = STONE Agriculture Domestic Animals  NEOLITHIC AGE Not living in a nomadic life More advanced tools settlements became much The trade that did occur larger and permanent tended to be limited The end of the Neolithic Era came with the discovery of metals.  METAL AGE “Chalcolithic period” was an era of transition between the stone age to metal age (copper age). During the Metal Ages people started using metals: 3 periods Copper Age Bronze Age Iron Age  Copper was the first metal which humans first experimented with. Copper was combined with tin to produce bronze. Bronze is an alloy (a mixture) of copper and tin. Much stronger than copper. Iron was proved to be stronger than copper and bronze