Chapter 1A DevPsych Overview PDF

Overview Development → systematic continuities and changes in the ideographic development individual that occur between conception individual variations in the rate, extent, or direction of and death. developm...

Overview Development → systematic continuities and changes in the ideographic development individual that occur between conception individual variations in the rate, extent, or direction of and death. development. Not to be confused with abnormal. → "womb to tomb" (the entire human life span from conception to death.) 2. Explain → determine why people develop as they developmental continuities typically do and why some people develop - ways in which we remain stable over time differently than others. or continue to reflect on our past. → what elicits the behavior observed? → So that we can communicate with those - physical: supporting themselves → sitting → who aren’t familiar with our field. standing up → walking → running. 3. Predict - cognitive: language development. → predict (from knowledge) what people will think or feel in different situations. Developmental Psychology → we can see patterns & what happens next. "Lifespan development" or "Human development" → A branch of psychology devoted to 4. Intervene identifying and explaining the continuities → AKA "optimize" / "influence" and changes that individuals display over → to optimize development by applying what time. they have learned in attempts to help people develop in positive directions. 7 Key Principles in Life Span Dev. 1. Development occurs across one’s entire o Promote strong affectional ties between fussy, unresponsive life infants and their frustrated 2. Multi-directionality and multi- parents. dimensionality 3. Development as growth and decline o Assist children with learning 4. The role of plasticity plays in development difficulties to succeed at school; 5. The influence of socio-cultural conditions and on development 6. The interaction of age graded, history o Help socially unskilled children graded, and non-normative historical and adolescents to prevent the influence on development emotional difficulties that could result from having no close friends 7. The multi-disciplinary nature of human and being rejected by peers. development Domains of Development Four Goals of Developmental Science a) Physical (Biological) → physical growth, as well as skills 1. Describe and abilities they can do overtime. → AKA "observe" b) Cognitive → carefully observing the behavior of people → developing how they think and of different ages, seeking to catalogue how their speech overtime people change over time. → the way they approach solving → documenting what is happening problems. c) Psychosocial normative development → personality, relationships with developmental changes that characterize most or all others, and changes in emotions. members of species, typical patterns of development. 1  3. Maturation Stages of Development → encompasses emotional, to birth Prenatal Period physical and cognitive. Birth to age 3 Infancy and Toddlerhood → unfolding a natural sequence of physical and behavioral 3 to 6 Early Childhood changes. 6 to 11 Middle Childhood → for uniformity: this is 11 to about 20 Adolescence concerned with the unfolding 20 to 40 Emerging and Young Adulthood of biological aspects (abilities and skills) 40 to 65 Middle Adulthood → “maturation comes with 65 and over Late Adulthood experience” ※ read yung table sa last page for elaboration :> Four Context of Development Influences on Development (3) A. Family 1. Heredity → basic social unit. → “nature” → is best described as being → some influences are internal: characterized by diversity. color of eyes and hair intelligence (genes + 2 Basic Types of Families environmental factors) a. nuclear family allergies − two generational kinship, economic, and household unit hereditary endowment consisting of one or two stage where offspring receives traits from their parents and their biological parents. children, adopted children or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stepchildren. genetic material. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) − common in European households gonosomes the chromosomes determining the sex of Pros: intimate and offspring. manageable & parents can ※The father determines the sex focus on their children. men are more susceptible to neurological disorders and diseases because their X and Y Cons: Help and support isn’t chromosomes do not have a back up unlike easily accessible. the XX in females. 2. Environment → “nurture” → where a person grows up and with whom they grow up with → includes family, peers, and friends. 2  Individualistic culture b. extended family A culture in which people tend to prioritize personal − multigenerational kinship goals ahead of collective goals and to view themselves as distinct individuals. network of parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes Collectivistic culture living together in an extended- A culture in which people tend to prioritize family household. collaborative social goals ahead of individual goals − common among Filipinos and to view themselves in the context of their social − brought by a collectivistic relationships. culture. a culture where they are always finding commonality between individuals. Pros: connections and a bigger support system D. Ethnicity & Race Cons: mga nakikisawsaw & nadadamay sa problems Ethnicity → a group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national B. Socioeconomic Status (SES) origins, which contribute to a → combination of economic and sense of shared identity. social factors describing an individual or family, including → Categorize people into various income, education, and social groups based on a shared occupation. cultural identity, language, → SES can affect what a person traditions, and customs. prioritizes in life. e.g.) Asian-American, African- Example: American, Afro-Caribbean, Most learners in public schools are Hispanic, Latino struggling. Ethnic minorities C. Culture ethnic groups with national or cultural traditions → A society’s or group’s total way of different from the majority of the populations. life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and Race physical products—all learned → a grouping of humans behavior, passed on from parents distinguished by their outward to children. physical characteristics or social qualities from other groups. Not a e.g.) pagmano (respect), reunions biological construct. (celebration), hearty meals & paggamit ng mga mamahaling → Categorize people into various kubyertos ‘pag may social groups based on bisita(hospitality) characteristics like: o Skin color o Physical features (phenotype) 3  e.g.) Asian, Black, White, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Isander Ethnic gloss overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group. Race Ethnicity Both are social constructs used to categorize and characterize seemingly distinct populations. 4 Stages of Development 5