Chapter 2 - STS.pdf

Chapter 2 Intellectual Revolution that Defined Society MODERN SCIENCE - started with Ancient Greek. They were the first to explain how the world works using naturals laws instead of telling stories about God and Heroes.  Aristotle - Born: 384 BC, Stagira, Greece - Died: 322 B...

Chapter 2 Intellectual Revolution that Defined Society MODERN SCIENCE - started with Ancient Greek. They were the first to explain how the world works using naturals laws instead of telling stories about God and Heroes.  Aristotle - Born: 384 BC, Stagira, Greece - Died: 322 BC, Euboea Island, Greece - Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath - Most important people in science Nicolaus Copernicus - Born: February 19, 1473, Toruń, Poland - Died: May 24, 1543, Frombork, Poland - Father of Modern Astronomy - Astronomer and mathematician - HELIOCENTRIC MODEL His book, Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Worlds, published in 1543. Claudius Ptolemy - Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist. - GEOCENTRIC MODEL  Tycho Brahe - Born: December 14, 1546, Knutstorp Manor, Sweden - Died: October 24, 1601, Prague, Czechia - Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations.  Johannes Kepler -Born: December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany - Died: November 15, 1630, Regensburg, Germany - brilliant mathematician who had a mystical vision of the mathematical perfection of the universe that owed a great deal to the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras Kepler’s Planetary Motion 1. Elliptical Orbits 2. Equal Areas 3. Harmonic Law  Galileo Galilei - Born: February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy - Died: January 8, 1642, Arcetri, Italy - Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method. - Invented the telescope The Starry Messenger Dialogue on the Two Chief 1611 World Systems 1632  Isaac Newton - Born: January 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe Manor House, United Kingdom - Died: March 31, 1727, Kensington, London, United Kingdom - greatest English mathematician of his generation Principia Mathematica published in 1687 What makes Principia Mathematica so important? - Laws of Motion - Law of Universal Gravitation - Mathematical Proofs  Charles Darwin -Born: February 12, 1809, The Mount House, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom - Died: April 19, 1882, Home of Charles Darwin - Down House, Downe, United Kingdom - was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. - proponent of Theory of evolution The publication in 1859 of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin Natural selection  William Paley - Born: July 14, 1743, Peterborough, United Kingdom - Died: May 25, 1805, Lincoln, United Kingdom - was an English Anglican clergyman, Christian apologist, philosopher, and utilitarian. - best known for his natural theology  Sigmund Freud - Born: May 6, 1856, Příbor, Czechia - Died: September 23, 1939, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom - Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis - The Father of Pyschoanalysis - Meso-America is a region that includes parts of modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. - Meso-American civilizations were isolated from other parts of the world. - This independence led to their impressive achievements in fields like astronomy, agriculture, architecture MAYA CIVILIZATION Maya Hieroglyphs Dresden Codex  Maya Calendar Haab Calendar Tzolkin Calendar East Asian Countries China Japan South Korea Mesopotamia - Its modern name comes from the Greek words mesos (middle) and potamos (river) and literally means a " country between two rivers." Those two rivers are the Tigris and Euphrates. - the land "between the rivers" in modern-day Iraq—was home to the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. - First writing system (CUNEIFORM) Egypt - Excelled in such sciences as medicine, engineering, and surveying - Their technology included the ability to build large construction projects such as pyramids and palaces, simple machines such as ramps and levers, and a complex system of government and religion. Phoenicians Alphabet Arabic Alphabet INFORMATION REVOLUTION