Cardio and Respiratory Practice Quiz PDF

1. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. Pump blood with greater pressure 2. During the period of ventricular filling ________. Blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles 3. Select the correct statem...

1. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________. Pump blood with greater pressure 2. During the period of ventricular filling ________. Blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles 3. Select the correct statement about the heart valves. The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur. 4. What is the superior end of the heart called? Arrow A. Base 5. Name the blue vessel. Arrow B. Great cardiac vein 6. Name the vessel. Arrow B Left coronary artery 7. Name the large vessel. Arrow A Pulmonary trunk 8. Name the vessel. Arrow A Right coronary artery 9. Name the vessel. Arrow A. right pulmonary artery 10. Name the BLUE vessel that runs parallel the red red vessel C is pointing to. Small cardiac vein 11. What is the pointy end of the heart called? Arrow B. Apex 12. What are the cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called? Intercalated discs 13. Which are differences between cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue? a: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less extensive. b: The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is more organized. c: Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not. d: Cardiac muscle has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell; skeletal muscle has multiple nuclei per cell. e: Cardiac muscle has more well-defined terminal cisternae. A,c,d 14. Cardiac reserve is the increase in cardiac output an individual is capable of demonstrating during vigorous exercise. 15. Which correctly describes the heart’s apex? Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body 16. Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta? Systemic circuit 17. What would you expect a cardiologist to recommend if there was substantial occlusion to a patient's left coronary artery but not the right coronary artery? Because this is an important artery, and alternate vascular paths are inadequate, the cardiologist would treat the condition. 18. What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? a: AV node b: AV bundle c: SA node d: Through the atria e: Through the ventricles f: Bundle branches g: Purkinje fibers c, d, a, b, f, g, e 19. How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve? 3 20. Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body? a: There is a unidirectional blood flow. b: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. c: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood. d: Arteries carry blood away from the heart. e: Veins carry blood toward the heart. A,d,e 21. As with action potentials in other types of cells, the repolarization of cardiac muscle cells involves the exit of potassium through voltage-gated channels 22. Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output 23. The tricuspid valve is closed ________. when the ventricle is in systole 24. Isovolumetric contraction ________. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed Chambers 25. Name the valve. Arrow B. Do not abbreviate. Bicuspid (mitral) valve 26. Name this chamber. Arrow A Right Ventricle 27. Name the electrical structure. Arrow C. Right bundle branch 28. Name the electrical structure. Arrow A. SA Node 29. Name this layer of the heart wall. Arrow C. Epicardium 30. Name the "flap" or "ear". Arrow A. Right auricle 31. Name the white structures. Arrow D. Purkinje fibers 32. Name the white structure. Arrow A. Do not abbreviate. pulmonic semilunar valve 33. Name this layer of the heart wall. Arrow E Endocardium 34. These substances help counteract surface tension that attracts the moist, thin walls of the alveoli to each other: Surfactants 35. The enzyme that accelerates the combining of carbon dioxide and water molecules inside red blood cells: carbonic anhydrase 36. As the thoracic cavity expands, air flows ___ the lungs. This process is called ____. into; inspiration 37. Which of the following is NOT true regarding smoking: It makes your breath smell fresh and you suddenly become sexy. 38. Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by: None of the above 39. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about respiration: The concentration of oxygen gas is higher in deoxygenated blood than inside the alveoli. 40. The ease with which the lungs can be expanded is called: lung compliance 41. Which of the following is NOT true: Bronchioles are usually larger than 1 mm in diameter. 42. Air inside the alveoli of lungs with a reduced alveolar ventilation rate would be expected to have: decreased oxygen concentration and increased carbon dioxide concentration 43. Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole? pulmonary trunk 44. The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________. coronary arteries 45. If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________. decreased delivery of oxygen 46. Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________. left atrium 47. Select the correct statement about cardiac output A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. 48. Name the small hairs. Pointer A. Cilia 49. Name the highlighted region. Pointer B. Oropharynx 50. Name the structure. Pointer C. Diaphragm 51. A and B are found in which region? Also know as the "voice box". Larynx 52. Name the white structure. Pointer B. vocal cords 53. Name the small sac. Pointer D Alveoli 54. Name the organ. Pointer A. Right lung 55. Name the tissue type. Pointer C. Hyaline cartilage 56. Name the tube. Pointer D. Thoracic aorta 57. Mucous secretions of the respiratory tract include antimicrobial substances such as lysozyme and defensins. True or False 58. When someone exercises vigorously, their breathing is described as demonstrating hyperpnea, involving deeper but not faster breathing 59. When central chemoreceptors detect a drop in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, medullary respiratory centers trigger an increase in rate and depth of breathing. 60. According to Boyle's law, the pressure of a gas _________ if the volume of its container increases. Decreases 61. The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the alveolar type II cell. 62. Bronchoconstriction results from relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of airways. True or False 63. Organize the items listed into the proper sequence of events for gas exchange. a: O2 is transported to cells by circulatory system. b: O2 is drawn into the lungs during inhalation. c: Cells use O2 and generate CO2. d: CO2 is exhaled. b, a, c, e, d 64. These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation. External intercostals 65. The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the alveolar type I cell. 66. The terms "upper respiratory system" and "lower respiratory system" are ___________ categorizations of the respiratory system. Structural 67. Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? closure of the heart valves 68. The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________. atrial depolarization 69. Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart? AV valve 70. High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center. 71. Which statement is accurate? Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure. 72. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 73. Excitation of the vasomotor center results in increased sympathetic activity and predominantly more vasoconstriction than vasodilation 74. As blood moves from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary, net filtration pressure decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases 75. Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure. Opposite 76. Imagine yourself sitting in an awkward position in an uncomfortable chair that is depriving part of your leg from normal blood flow. This deprivation of adequate perfusion will result in what sort of local changes in your leg? Buildup of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions will cause vasodilation 77. The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires intra-abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decreases 78. If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle 79. Angiogenesis allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue.