Circulatory System PDF

Circulatory System The transportation system of a city has roads, buses and trucks to move people and supplies, in order to meet the needs of the people. In a similar way, the Circulatory System is the body’s transportation system. The Main Function: The Circulatory System delivers food and oxygen t...

Circulatory System The transportation system of a city has roads, buses and trucks to move people and supplies, in order to meet the needs of the people. In a similar way, the Circulatory System is the body’s transportation system. The Main Function: The Circulatory System delivers food and oxygen to body cells and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from body cells. How can we tell that our circulatory system is working properly right now? System operations Functions Functions: - Carries nutrients and oxygen to every part of the body Fights infection - regulates Body temperature How it works with other organ systems: Works with respiratory system to supply Oxygen. Also carries waste and co2 out of the body What you should know about your heart rate? Even if you’re not an athlete, knowledge about your heart rate can help you monitor your fitness level — and it might even help you spot developing health problems. Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person. Knowing yours can be an important heart-health gauge. Checking Heart Rate/Pulse Structures - Heart (2 atriums- receive blood, 2 ventricles - pump blood out) - Blood Vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) - 2 Circulatory Loops (pulmonary and systemic) Major Components Heart: Acts as the pump. Continuously circulates the blood. Pumps blood to all parts of the body Major Components Networks of tubes: Arteries move blood AWAY from the heart. Veins bring blood back to the heart. Capillaries: The Unseen Pipelines Remember, the job of the blood is to deliver and pick up material from all parts of the body. Arteries walls are to thick. Capillaries carry out the delivering of oxygen and picking up the waste. Capillaries walls are very thin which allows oxygen and waste to pass through. Capillaries connect the arteries to the veins. Blood: Fluid that fills the circulatory system. Blood is a constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal. Blood is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it, making blood "thicker" than pure water. The average person has about 5 liters (more than a gallon) of blood COMPONENTS OF BLOOD Plasma- liquid component of the blood. -carries nutrients water, chemicals, and wastes. Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen to the rest of the body. White Blood Cells- protect your body against germs and other harmful substance Platelets - form blood clots when the blood vessel is cut. The Right Side of the Heart Right Atrium: Upper chamber. Collecting chamber for blood returning to heart. Oxygen poor blood. Carbon dioxide rich The Right Side of the Heart Right Ventricle: Lower chamber. Pumping chamber. Forces blood to lungs. Carbon dioxide is “dropped off” and then is exhaled out. At the same time, red blood cells are “picking up” oxygen. This blood then travels back to the heart. Left Side of the Heart Left Atrium: The oxygenated blood from the lungs is then collected here. Left Side of the Heart Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to every part of the body. The left side of the heart works harder than the right side. Arteries: Pipeline from Heart Aorta: The main blood supplier to the body. It branches off into two main coronary blood vessels called arteries. These arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins: Pipeline to the Heart Veins carry the oxygen depleted blood to the heart. The valves in the veins help keep the blood from flowing backward. blood flow through the heart 1) body –> 2) inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) right atrium –> 4) tricuspid valve –> 5) right ventricle –> 6) pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) pulmonary veins –> 9) left atrium –> 10) mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) left ventricle –> 12) aortic valve –> 13) aorta –> 14) body. Q: What path does blood take after being pumped from the heart to the body cells? A: Blood moves from the heart through arteries to capillaries and return through veins. Veins Capillaries HEART Arteries Q: What path does blood follows between the time it returns to the heart from the body and the time it is pumped from the heart to the body? A: (After blood returns to the heart) Blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. (It is then pumped to all parts of the body) Q: How many chambers does the human heart have? A: 4 chambers Q: Which system does the circulatory system work with to exchange gases in the human body? Which gases are exchanged? A: The Respiratory System. Inside the capillaries of the lungs, oxygen taken in by the lungs (respiratory system) enters the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs to be later exhaled. Q: How are the pulmonary veins different from the other veins? A: They carry oxygen-rich blood (but it is still called a vein because it brings blood back to the heart) Q: How are the pulmonary arteries different from the other arteries? A: They do not carry oxygen-rich blood (but it is still called arteries because it carries blood away from the heart) Cardiovascular System Disease NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES -Heart Disease is the number one killer in our nation -Cancer is number two -Stroke is number three Lifestyle is a major factor that contributes to these diseases. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE A disease which progresses over time. Lifestyle and Heredity play a major role. Heredity is a factor which you cannot control, in addition to sex and age Exercise, smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol level, stress, alcohol, weight are factors you can control. HYPERTENSION -Constant High Blood Pressure 140/90. -Normal blood pressure is 120 over 80. -The force exerted by the blood against artery walls. Known as the “Silent Killer.” Very little symptoms, but easily treated. ATHEROSCLEROSIS - Narrowed arteries due to plaque build up by cholesterol, fat and other substances. - LDL (Low density Lipoprotein) is the bad cholesterol that contributes to this increase on the artery wall Animal Products such as meat, eggs and butter Exercise lowers LDL and increases the good cholesterol HDL Atherosclerosis ATHEROSCLEROSIS ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Hardening of the artery wall, which causes the artery wall to thicken and lose their elasticity. ANEURYSM A ballooning or bubbling of an artery, vein or heart, due to a weakening cause by disease, injury or birth. If in the brain it will cause a stroke. The abdominal aortic aneurysm is the most common of all aneurysms ANEURYSM ANEURYSM - Genetics play a role. - Smoking and high blood pressure may be underlying factors. Like high blood pressure, aneurysms are potentially silent killers. STROKE - A sudden and often severe attack caused by an insufficient supply of blood to part of the brain. - Hypertension, atherosclerosis, embolus, thrombus are all factors which contribute to a stroke. Drugs and surgery are ways to treat a stroke HEART ATTACK - Death of, or damage to part of the heart muscle due to an insufficient blood supply. - The coronary arteries are the arteries that are usually blocked. - Bypass surgery or drugs are the usual treatment. THROMBUS Blood clot on a vein, artery or within the heart Thrombus ANEMIA Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. Different types of anemia include: Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. LEUKEMIA Leukemia is a broad term for cancers of the blood cells. The type of leukemia depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly. Leukemia occurs most often in adults older than 55, but it is also the most common cancer in children younger than 15. CARING FOR THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM A. EXERCISING REGULARLY B. HAVING A BALANCED DIET CARING FOR THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM C. HAVING ENOUGH REST D. HAVING A POSITIVE ATTITUDE CARING FOR THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM E. AVOIDING BAD HABITS F. GOING FOR REGULAR BODY CHECKUPS