Tejeros Convention & 1896 Philippine Revolution PDF

Worksheet#1 TEJEROS CONVENTION 1. Give a brief background of the author of the readings or account you have read 2. When was the account written? 3. Mention dates and places and give brief descriptions 4. Name Key personal ties 5. Sequence the significant events Background of the Philippi...

Worksheet#1 TEJEROS CONVENTION 1. Give a brief background of the author of the readings or account you have read 2. When was the account written? 3. Mention dates and places and give brief descriptions 4. Name Key personal ties 5. Sequence the significant events Background of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 A. The discovery of the KKK 1. Circumstances that led to the discovery of the KKK a. The publication and dissemination of the first and only issue of the Kalayaan, with its revolutionary content, raised the consciousness of the masses and consequently increased the membership of the KKK. Henceforth, it was difficult for the KKK to remain secret. b. The new members met nightly and his aroused the suspicion of Spanish authorities. c. A misunderstanding between two Katipuneros working in the Spanish-owned Diario de Manila led to the discovery of the KKK. Teodoro Patiño, to exact revenge on Apolonio de la Cruz, revealed the existence of the KKK to his sister, and later to Fr. Mariano Gil on August 19, 1896. 2. Results/Implications of the discovery a. Mass arrest of Filipino suspects followed the disclosure of the KKK. Prominent men were jailed and some were executed. b. Due to the untimely discovery of the KKK, Bonifacio had no other recourse but to take the field. In spite of lack of arms and ammunitions, Bonifacio and his men decided to fight against the Spaniards. - On August 23, 1896, Bonifacio and his men tore their cedulas to symbolize their determination to overthrow the Spanish government. This event is known as the “Cry of Balintawak / Cry of Pugadlawin.” c. Though their were poorly armed and lacked military training, Bonifacio and his men engaged the Spaniards in several skirmishes. Bonifacio did not possess military skills and his encounters with the Spaniards ended in defeat, affecting his reputation. d. The revolution spread to other places and provinces. Hundreds were arrested and jailed. B. Factionalism 1.Magdalo-Magdiwang Rivalry a. Two factions existed in Cavite even before the outbreak of the Revolution. The Magdalo was headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Emilio’s cousin, while the Magdiwang was led by Mariano Alvarez, Bonifacio’s uncle-in-law. b. When the revolution broke out, Cavite became the hotbed of the rebellion. The rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, defeated the Spanish forces in several encounters. c. The two factions fought the Spaniards separately. Magdiwang defended towns under its jurisdiction while Magdalo did the same for its own towns. The rivalry led to a series of military reverse early in 1897. d. Military defeat led the Magdiwang to invite Bonifacio to settle the rivalry between the two councils. The Magdalo faction wanted to replace the KKK with a new government because its existence was exposed and was no longer in keeping with the demands of the time. The Magdalo was also thinking of new leadership. On the other hand, the Magdiwang wanted to retain the KKK because it already had a constitution and by-laws. TEJEROS CONVENTION (1897) 2. Tejeros Convention a. On March 22, 1897, the assembled leaders at Tejeros decided to replace KKK with a new government. b. This was followed by the election of officials. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president in absentia, and Bonifacio, Secretary of Interior. However, Daniel Tirona questioned Bonifacio’s election. This led to Bonifacio’s annulling all that had been approved and resolved. 3. The Naic Military Agreement a. At Naic, Bonifacio and his men drew up another document which provided for the establishment of “a government independent of, and separate from that at Tejeros.” b. An army was also organized “by persuasion or force” and a military commander of their own choice was to take command of it. c. The document meant a split in the ranks of the revolutionists. 4. Trial and Execution of Bonifacio a. Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were ordered arrested by Aguinaldo. The Council of War found the Bonifacio brothers guilty of treason and sedition in spite of insufficient evidence to prove their guilty. b. The brothers were executed in Mt. Tala, Maragundon on May 10, 1897. c. With Bonifacio’s death, Aguinaldo assumed the sole leadership of the revolution. ANDRES BONIFACIO  “Father of the Philippine Revolution”  Founder of the KKK  Supremo ng Katipunan