Argumentative and Discussion Texts Handout PDF

Handout: Understanding Argumentative and Discussion Texts I. Argumentative Texts Definition An argumentative text presents a writer's stance on an issue, supported by evidence and reasoning. Its primary purpose is to persuade readers to agree with the writer's viewpoint or to act on it. Purpose...

Handout: Understanding Argumentative and Discussion Texts I. Argumentative Texts Definition An argumentative text presents a writer's stance on an issue, supported by evidence and reasoning. Its primary purpose is to persuade readers to agree with the writer's viewpoint or to act on it. Purpose - To convince readers of a particular opinion or stance. - To encourage readers to critically analyze the issue presented. General Structure 1. Introduction - Introduces the topic or issue. - States the writer's thesis or main argument. 2. Body - Presents arguments supporting the thesis, often in separate paragraphs. - Includes evidence (facts, statistics, examples) and explanations to justify the arguments. 3. Counterarguments and Rebuttals (Optional but common in advanced texts) - Addresses opposing viewpoints and refutes them. 4. Conclusion - Summarizes the main points and reinforces the thesis. - May include a call to action or a final persuasive statement. Language Features - Modal Verbs: must, should, could, might (e.g., We must address climate change immediately.) - Persuasive Phrases: It is evident that..., Research indicates..., Undeniably, this is a crucial issue. - Linking Words for Argumentation: - Addition: Furthermore, moreover, in addition - Contrast: However, on the other hand, nevertheless - Cause and Effect: Therefore, thus, as a result - Present Tense: Used to express general truths and arguments. II. Discussion Texts Definition A discussion text explores different perspectives on an issue, providing a balanced view to help readers form their own opinions. Purpose - To present various sides of an issue or argument. - To inform and help readers make informed decisions. General Structure 1. Introduction - Introduces the issue or topic. - May provide background information. 2. Body - Explores different perspectives, both for and against the issue. - Each viewpoint is supported with evidence and examples. 3. Conclusion - Summarizes the discussion.  - May state the writer's opinion or leave it open-ended for the reader's judgment. Language Features - Neutral Tone: Avoids biased or overly persuasive language. - Causal Conjunctions: Because, since, due to, as a result - Contrastive Phrases: On one hand, on the other hand, While it may be true that... - Adverbs of Degree: Partially, completely, significantly - Reporting Verbs: Suggests, argues, claims, highlights Comparing the Two Text Types Feature | Argumentative Text | Discussion Text ----------------------|-------------------------------------|-------------------------- Purpose | Persuade readers to adopt a stance.| Provide balanced views. Tone | Persuasive and assertive. | Neutral and objective. Focus | One main argument with evidence. | Multiple perspectives. Conclusion | Reinforces the writer's argument. | Summarizes without bias. Practice Exercise Activity 1: Identify the Text Type Read the following text excerpt and determine whether it is an argumentative or discussion text. Justify your answer. "Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. While some argue that stricter regulations on emissions are necessary, others believe technological innovation alone will suffice." Activity 2: Write Your Own Choose one of the topics below and write a short text (200-300 words) in either the argumentative or discussion style: - The impact of social media on youth. - The pros and cons of renewable energy. - Should uniforms be mandatory in schools? By mastering these two text types, you will develop critical thinking and effective communication skills, enabling you to engage with diverse viewpoints and express your ideas confidently.