Understanding Argumentative and Discussion Texts

Study Notes

Argumentative texts present a writer's stance on an issue, supported by evidence and reasoning
The goal is to persuade readers to agree with the writer's viewpoint or take action
Purpose: to convince readers of a particular opinion/stance, and encourage critical analysis of an issue
General Structure:
- Introduction: introduces the topic/issue, and states the writer's thesis/main argument
- Body: presents arguments supporting the thesis, often in separate paragraphs. Includes evidence (facts, statistics, examples) and explanations to justify arguments
- Optional: Counterarguments and Rebuttals, addressing opposing viewpoints and refuting them
- Conclusion: summarizes main points, reinforces the thesis. May include a call to action or persuasive statement

Discussion texts explore different perspectives on an issue, providing a balanced view
Purpose: to present various sides of an issue or argument, and inform readers to make informed decisions
General Structure:
- Introduction: introduces the issue or topic, providing background information if needed
- Body: explores different perspectives (both for and against) the issue, with each supported by evidence and examples
- Conclusion: summarizes the discussion

Modal verbs: express necessity or possibility (e.g., must, should, could)
Persuasive phrases: strengthen arguments (e.g., undeniably, it is evident that)
Linking words/phrases: connect ideas (e.g., addition, contrast, cause and effect)
Present tense: common for general truths and arguments
Neutral tone: avoid biased language
Causal conjunctions (because, since)
Reporting verbs (suggests, argues, claims)

Neutral tone: avoid biased language
Contrasting phrases (on one hand, on the other hand)
Adverbs of degree (partially, completely)
Reporting verbs/phrases for expressing diverse perspectives (e.g., one viewpoint is that...)

Feature	Argumentative Text	Discussion Text
Purpose	Persuade readers to adopt a stance.	Provide balanced views.
Tone	Persuasive and assertive	Neutral and objective
Focus	One main argument with evidence.	Multiple perspectives.
Conclusion	Reinforces the writer's argument.	Summarizes without bias.

"Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. While some argue that stricter regulations on emissions are necessary, others believe technological innovation alone will suffice."
- This is a discussion text; it presents opposing viewpoints without explicitly stating a preferred position.