Psychology Past Papers 2020 PDF

Past papers psycohology From 2020: PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDICAL COMMUNICATION - FINAL 1. Rorschach's test is: a) Questionnaire b) Test of intelligence c) Projective test of personality d) Test of attention 2. The belief that you are basically in control of l...

Past papers psycohology From 2020: PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDICAL COMMUNICATION - FINAL 1. Rorschach's test is: a) Questionnaire b) Test of intelligence c) Projective test of personality d) Test of attention 2. The belief that you are basically in control of life's events and you do influences. The situation is called: a) an internal locus of control b) the mind-body connection c) social instability d) an external locus of control 3. General adaption syndrome explains: a) neurohumoral process in the body during the stress b) adaption to the environment c) adaption at subhuman level d) adaptive potential of the individual 4. Behavioral psychotherapy means: a) Learning principles b) Suggestion c) Advices d) Emotional support 5. "Insight" in psychotherapy means: a) Rational collaboration of traumatic experience b) Explanation of psychotherapy effect c) Understanding how the problem may have developed d) "aha" experience 6. "Unconscious should be made conscious" is the goal of: a) Psychoanalysis b) Relaxation c) Behavioral therapy d) Humanistic therapy 7. Personality characteristics that may have reduced immune competence include: a) Type B behavior b) Optimistic explanatory style c) Pessimistic explanatory style d) Type C behavior 8. Method of systemic desensitization is the method of: a) Group therapy b) Behavioral therapy c) Psychoanalysis d) Psychological counseling 9. Method of systemic desensitization is the method of: Interpersonal theory Behavioral therapy Psychoanalysis Psychological counseling 10. Carl Rogers is founder of: a) Group therapy b) Individual therapy c) Humanistic therapy d) Aversive procedures 11. Psychology that involves how we process, store and retrieve information and how brain processes influence our behavior is psychology: a) Social b) Cognitive c) Counseling d) Organizational 12. Interpersonal learning is curative factor in: a) Group psychotherapy b) Individual psychotherapy c) Crisis intervention d) Hypnosis 13. The most prevalent psychosomatic disorders nowadays are: a) Depressions b) Carcinomas c) Cardiovascular diseases d) Neuroses 14. The number of personality disorders clusters in: a) 4 b) 3 c) 6 d) 5 15. The founder of psychoanalysis was: a) Wechsler b) C.G. Jung c) A. Adler d) S. Freud 16. Average intelligence means IQ score: a) 70-90  b) 85-100 c) 90-110 d) 100-110 17. Social situations that involve power and authority greatly increase obedience to the point that a large percentage of people will obey orders even if they are clearly unreasonable and inhumane were explained by: a) Von Belesch experiment b) Pavlov conditioning c) Milgram experiment d) Seligman learned helplessness 18. Typical symptom of the patient suffering from personality disorder is: a) Low intelligence b) Specific personality trait c) Depression d) Delusions 19. Extraversion vs. introversion are personality characteristics according to: a) Trait theory b) Typology c) Psychoanalysis d) Humanistic approach 20. Abbreviation "IQ" means: a) Memory quotient b) Body mass index c) Awareness quantity d) Intelligence quintet 21. Introverted person is: a) Shameful b) Excitable c) With low need of social contact d) Outgoing 22. Narcissistic personality is typically: a) Avoidant b) Has a grandiose sense of self-importance c) Has constricted affect d) Fails to conform social norms 23. Antisocial personality typically: a) Fails to conform social norms b) Chooses solitary activities c) Has recurrent suspicions d) Views self as socially inept 24. A combination of three personality traits (control-commitment-challenge) that protect individuals from the potentially harmful effects of stressful situations refers to: a) Optimistic behavior b) External locus of control c) hardiness d) internal locus of control 25. Obsessive-compulsive personality is typically: a) Inappropriately sexually seductive b) Preoccupied with details and rules c) Requires excessive admiration d) Unable to take responsibility 26. Psychology that focuses on a study of stereotypes, prejudices, attitudes, conformity, group behaviors, aggression and attraction is: a) Developmental psychology b) Clinical psychology c) Social psychology d) Psychometrics 27. Lack of warm emotions is typical: a) Anxious personality b) Histrionic c) Dysphoric PD d) Schizoid PD 28. Free associations is the same as: a) Verbalization of spontaneous flow of idea b) Thought disorder c) Imagination d) Memory disorder 29. Freud's major contribution is: a) Concept of unconscious b) Use of hypnosis c) Use of relaxation d) Analysis of feeling 30. ID according to Freud operates on: a) Reality principle b) Pleasure principle c) Defense mechanism d) In relaxation 31. Superego is approximately equivalent to: a) Dream b) Phantasy c) Conscience d) Thinking 32. Denial is one of: a) Coping mechanism b) Though processes c) Memory disorder d) Defense mechanisms 33. At the oral stage of personality development the gratification is reached through: a) Mouth b) Touching c) Walking d) Singing 34. Oidipus conflict involves: a) Relatives b) Society c) Siblings d) Parents 35. Behaviorists study mainly: a) Thinking b) Learning c) Imagination d) Creativity 36. Typical sign of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a) Perfectionism b) Emotional expressiveness c) Anxiety d) Exploitiveness 37. Personality disorder in general involves: a) Hallucinations b) Exaggeration of a personality trait c) Delusions d) Low IQ 38. Personality disorder is manifested predominantly in: a) Interpersonal relations b) Low self-esteem c) High self-esteem d) Unstable self-esteem 39. Which one of these personalities does not belong into the group of specific a) Bothering personality b) Avoiding personality c) Narcissistic personality d) Histrionic personality 40. Complete a missing word in this definition " ______ consists of all the …. Surrounding circumstances" a) Personality b) Emotional style c) Psychotherapy d) Thinking 41. " big five" theory describes a) basic personality traits b) basic drives c) basic personality disorders d) basic needs 42. the awful feeling that results when your attempts to reach some goal are block.. a) accommodation b) frustration c) defense mechanism d) deprivation 43. somatoform disorders were called in the past a) anxious disorders b) converse disorders c) organ neuroses d) psychoses 44. how much control you feel you have over a stressful situation is a) hardiness b) internal locus of control c) external locus of control d) commitment 45. hans selye contributed to stress with a) general adaptation syndrome GAS b) fight or flight response c) hardiness d) type A behavior 46. relaxation psychotherapy makes use of a) emotional support b) advices c) suggestion d) learning principle 47. The most effective way of communication with the patient is a) Persuasion b) Assertive c) Empathic d) Eclectic e) Environmental f) Emfatic 48. Abreaction in psychotherapy means a) Cooperation with therapist b) Manipulation with patient c) Emotional solace d) Resistance against psychotherapy 49. "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist" a) A. Bandura b) K. Horney c) B. F. Skinner d) J.B. Watson 50. The little albert (A boy, 9 months old) experiment was to prove a) Psychoanalitic theory b) Holistic theory c) Behavioristic theory d) Psychodynamic theory 51. Explorative method in psychology include a) Anamnestic interview b) Laboratory experiment c) Observation d) Psychological test 52. Wechsler adult intelligence scale – revised ( WAIS – R) gives outcomes for a) Only global intelligence b) Only nonverbal intelligence c) Only verbal intelligence d) Verbal nonverbal and global intelligence 53. Official world classification system for mental disorders is included in a) ICD-10 b) DSM V (only in America, so not “world”) c) WHO d) DSM-III-R 54. Which term doesn’t belong to s. freud's theory of personality a) Ego b) Id c) Superego d) persona 55. conscienriousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, neuroticism, extraversion are personality traits from a) eysencks theory b) freud's theory c) big five theory d) roger's theory 56. Maslow's hierarchy: 5 layers 57. The highest stage in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is: a) Self-acutualization b) Love and belonging c) Esteem d) Safety needs 58. Raven's test: Intelligence 59. 5 stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance 60. Depressed and inhibited: Personality type D 61. In which disease was 5 stages of grief? a) children grieving in divorce b) loss of serious relationship c) substance abuse 62. A doctor who has spent several years in clinical training, which includes diagnosing physical and neurological…. Who can prescribe drugs? a) Clinical Psychologist b) Psychiatrist c) Social worker d) Counseling psychologist 63. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy principles uses: a) Learning b) Autosuggestion c) Emotional support d) Persuasion 64. When patients do not adopt the behaviours and treatments their doctors recommend, the result is termed: a) Adherence b) Non-adherence c) Defense communication d) Pessimistic explanatory style 65. What is typical for deprivation: a) Occurrence of obstacles during reaching goals b) Unsolvable conflict c) State when some need is not fulfilled in appropriate amount for a long time d) Conflict between two incompatible needs 66. What does not belong to the external causes of mental disorders: a) Conflict b) Frustration c) Stress d) Prenatal damage 67. In hypnosis is used as a treating factor: a) Anxiolytics b) Altered state of consciousness c) Autosuggestion d) Animal magnetism 68. Emotional states containing high competition, anger, impatience define a CHD patient behavior: a) Type D b) Type A Behavior c) Easy-going d) Type B 69. Statement “No matter how much I study, it never seems to help” in the field of stress management ex…? a) Internal locus of control b) External locus of control c) Parents’ decision d) Hardiness 70. Term aggravation means the same as: a) Suppression of symptoms b) Dramatization of symptoms c) Simulation of symptoms d) Dissimulation 71. Occupational stress does not include: a) Responsibility at work b) Work overload c) Lack of control over work d) Satisfied social relationships 72. Memory dysfunction relating to forgetting is called: a) Anorexia b) Autism c) Anxiety d) Amnesia 73. The view that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is held by: a) Functionalism b) Mentalism c) Structuralism d) Gestalt psychology 74. Physician’s approach in communication with angry patient include: a) Disagreement with fair criticism b) Staying angry c) Listening well and longer than he/she wants to d) No privacy 75. Fight-or-flight response during stress was described by: a) Freud b) W.B. Cannon c) Maslow d) Eysenck 76. Assertive behavior includes: a) Not accepting positive reactions b) Be afraid of expressing negative concerns c) Not creating social contacts d) Accepting criticism 77. The field of psychology that focuses on the measurement of people’s abilities, skills, intelligence, personality is: a) Developmental psychology b) Psychometrics c) Mental well being d) Organizational psychology 78. Depressed and inhibited: a) Personality type D 79. In which disease was 5 stages of grief? (disease?) b) Children grieving in divorce c) Substances abuse d) Loss of serious relationship (or death) 80. First stage of psychosexual development according to Freud: a) Oral b) Genital c) Phatic d) Anal 81. How is schizophrenia treated? a) Antipsychotic drugs/neuroleptics 82. Function of neurotransmitters: a) Pass the signal 83. Neurotransmitters are: a) Effective components in anxiolytics b) Current term for neuron c) Media transferring nerve signals d) The same as neuroleptics 84. Field of psychology dealing with death and dying patients a) Psychopathology b) Pathopsychology c) Neuropsychology d) Thanatology 85. What is not a risk factor of atherosclerosis? a) Female gender b) Psychosocial factors c) Alcohol intake and smoking d) High cholesterol levels 86. Which of these projective tests uses the perception of inkblots to assess responders personality types? a) Rorschach test b) Myer-Briggs Type indicator test c) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory d) Thematic Appreception test 87. Which personality disorder is characterized by the pattern of preoccupations with orderliness, perfectionism and control a) Paranoid b) Dependent c) Anal-retentive d) Obsessive-compulsive 88. Which of the following theories suggests that behavior is triggered largerly by powerful forces found in unconscious a) Learning theory b) Triat theory c) Psychoanalytic theory d) Humanistic theory 89. In the Pavlolv’s classical conditioning experiments, situation when dog salivates to just hearing the metronome, is called: a) Conditioned response b) Unconditioned response c) Unconditiones stimulus d) Conditioned stimulus 90. A person who is socially outgoing, and prefers to pay attention to the external environment is: a) Extroverted type b) Archetypal type c) Introverted type d) Inferior type 91. Which personality is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care about that lead to submissive, adherent behavior and fear from separation? a) Avoidant PD b) Histrionic PD c) Schizoid PD d) Dependent PD 92. Which personality disorder is characterized by the pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking? a) Borderline b) Histrionic c) Dependent d) Schizotypal 93. Common psychosomatic symptoms does not include: a) Functional sexual symptoms b) Problems with teeth c) Stomach symptoms d) Weak immune system (not sure) 94. What means the term “frustration tolerance” a) Individual capacity to bear the state of unsatifaction of needs b) Toughness against working stress and social environment c) Individual border of the capacity to overcome obstacles d) Capacity to solve the conflicts 95. According to Freud, the unconscious love and sexual desire of male child for his mother is called: a) Electra complex b) Oedipus complex c) Psychosexual complex d) Pleasure principle 96. The first description of basic temperaments gave: a) Avicenna b) Galen c) Freud d) Hippocrates 97. Paranoid personality is typical by: a) Emotional bluntness b) Antisocial expressions c) Indifference d) Suspiciousness 98. Artetherapy is: a) Treatment using games b) Treatment using the working activities c) Treatment using art d) Treatment using music 99. Which personality disorder is related to great difficulties making everyday decisions, to the need of excessive advice? a) Avoidant PD b) Narcissistic PD c) Dependent PD d) Histrionic PD 100. Which personality disorder is characterized by the pattern of disregard, and violation of the others rights? a) Antisocial PD b) Hitrionic PD c) Schizoid PD d) Avoidant PD 101. Which personality disorder is characterized by the pattern of detachment from social relationships, and by restricted range of emotional expression? a) Schizoid PD b) Antisocial PD c) Borderline PD d) Schizotypal PD 102. Which personality disorder is related to great difficulties in making everyday decisions, to the excessive advice and reassuarance from others, and to tendency being passive role in major areas of life: a) Narcissistic personality disorder b) Dependent personality c) Avoidant personality disorder d) Histrionic personality disorder 103. Non-verbal communication does not include: a) Gestures b) Facial expressions c) Eye movements d) Using words (lol, what a question) 104. Eysenck’s personality questionnaire measures: a) Introversion/Extroversion b) Submissivness/dominance c) Sexual orientation d) Metancholia/ euphoria 105. Debilitias is old term for: a) Untreatable schizophrenia b) Mental disorder c) Deep mental retardation d) Low level of mental retardation 106. Which stage of Kubler-Ross formulation follow the stage denial? a) Bargaining b) Anger c) Depression d) Acceptance 107. Kubler Ross’s five stage Theory with explanation of denial , anger ,bargaining , depression. And acceptance relates the patients with : a) Multiple sclerosis b) Schizophrenia c) Cancer d) Coronary heart disease 108. Learning to behave by modeling and observing the consequences of others behavior is: a) Vicarious reinforcement b) Classical conditioning c) Conditional positive regard d) Operant conditioning 109. In Freud’s theory, the part of the personality that helps the individual adapt to the external reality by making compromises among ID, Superego and the environment is: a) Pleasure principle b) Reality principle c) Rationalization d) Ego 110. Medical psychological is applied psychological discipline which: a) Specialize on diagnosis of mental disorders b) Is provided by psychologist c) Solves relationship between doctor- patient d) Solves mental difficulties of doctors 111. A doctor who has spent several years in clinical training , which includes diagnosing physical and neurological causes of abnormal behaviors, treating these behaviors , and prescribing drugs, is usually: a) Clinical psychologist b) Social worker c) Counseling psychologist d) Psychiatrist 112. The first stage of psychsexual development according to S. Freud is: a) Phallic b) Ananl c) Oral d) Genital 113. Basic treatment procedure is schizophrenia includes: a) Treatment using neuroleptics b) Treatment using antidepressants c) Psychotherapy d) Insulin therapy 114. Study filed in psychology focused in death and dying is: a) Pathopsychology b) Psychopathology c) Thanatology d) Neuropsychology Other past papers: 115. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy principles uses: a) Learning b) Autosuggestion c) Emotional support d) Persuasion 116. When patients do not adopt the behaviours and treatments their doctors recommend, the result is termed: a) Adherence b) Non-adherence c) Defense communication d) Pessimistic explanatory style 117. What is typical for deprivation: a) Occurrence of obstacles during reaching goals b) Unsolvable conflict c) State when some need is not fulfilled in appropriate amount for a long time d) Conflict between two incompatible needs 118. What does not belong to the external causes of mental disorders: a) Conflict b) Frustration c) Stress d) Prenatal damage 119. In hypnosis is used as a treating factor: a) Anxiolytics b) Altered state of consciousness c) Autosuggestion d) Animal magnetism 120. Emotional states containing high competition, anger, impatience define a CHD patient behavior: a) Type D b) Type A Behavior c) Easy-going d) Type B 121. Statement “No matter how much I study, it never seems to help” in the field of stress management ex…? a) Internal locus of control b) External locus of control c) Parents’ decision d) Hardiness 122. Term aggravation means the same as: a) Suppression of symptoms b) Dramatization of symptoms c) Simulation of symptoms d) Dissimulation 123. Occupational stress does not include: a) Responsibility at work b) Work overload c) Lack of control over work d) Satisfied social relationships 124. Personality characteristic that may reduce immunocompetence of body is: a) Optimism b) Hardiness c) Impulsiveness d) Pessimism 125. Memory dysfunction relating to forgetting is called: a) Anorexia b) Autis c) Anxiety d) Amnesia 126. The view that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is held by: a) Functionalism b) Mentalism c) Structuralism d) Gestalt psychology 127. Physician’s approach in communication with angry patient include: a) Disagreement with fair criticism b) Staying angry c) Listening well and longer than he/she wants to d) No privacy 128. Fight-or-flight response during stress was described by: a) Freud b) Cannon c) Maslow d) Eysenck 129. Assertive behavior includes: a) Not accepting positive reactions b) Be afraid of expressing negative concerns c) Not creating social contacts d) Accepting criticism 130. The field of psychology that focuses on the measurement of people’s abilities, skills, intelligence, personality is: a) Developmental psychology b) Psychometrics c) Mental well being d) Organizational psychology 131. Rorschach's test is: a) Questionnaire b) Test of intelligence c) Projective test of personality d) Test of attention 132. The belief that you are basically in control of life's events and you do influences. The situation is called: a) An internal locus of control b) The mind-body connection c) Social instability d) An external locus of control 133. General adaption syndrome explains: a) Neurohumoral process in the body during the stress b) Adaption to the environment c) Adaption at subhuman level d) Adaptive potential of the individual 134. Behavioral psychotherapy means: a) Learning principles b) Suggestion c) Advices d) Emotional support 135. "Insight" in psychotherapy means: a) Rational collaboration of traumatic experience b) Explanation of psychotherapy effect c) Understanding how the problem may have developed d) "aha" experience 136. "Unconscious should be made conscious" is the goal of: a) Psychoanalysis b) Relaxation c) Behavioral therapy d) Humanistic therapy 137. Personality characteristics that may reduce immunocompetence include: a) Type B behavior b) Optimistic explanatory style c) Pessimistic explanatory style d) Type C behavior 138. Method of systemic desensitization is the method of: a) Group therapy b) Behavioral therapy c) Psychoanalysis d) Psychological counseling 139. Carl Rogers is founder of: a) Group therapy b) Individual therapy c) Humanistic therapy d) Aversive procedures 140. Psychology that involves how we process, store and retrieve information and how brain processes influence our behavior is psychology: a) Social b) Cognitive c) Counseling d) Organizational 141. Interpersonal learning is curative factor in: a) Group psychotherapy b) Individual psychotherapy c) Crisis intervention d) Hypnosis 142. The most prevalent psychosomatic disorders nowadays are: a) Depressions b) Carcinomas c) Cardiovascular diseases d) Neuroses 143. The number of personality disorders clusters is: a) 4 b) 3 c) 6 d) 5 144. The found of psychoanalysis was: a) Wechsler b) C.G. Jung c) A. Adler d) S. Freud 145. Average intelligence means IQ score: a) 70-90 b) 85-100 c) 90-110 d) 100-110 146. Social situations that involve power and authority greatly increase obedience to the point that a large percentage of people will obey orders even if they are clearly unreasonable and inhumane were explained by: a) Von Belesch experiment b) Pavlov conditioning c) Milgram experiment d) Seligman learned helplessness 147. Typical symptom of the patient suffering from personality disorder is: a) Low intelligence b) Specific personality trait c) Depression d) Delusions 148. Extraversion vs. introversion are personality characteristics according to: a) Trait theory b) Typology c) Psychoanalysis d) Humanistic approach 149. Abbreviation "IQ" means: a) Memory quotient b) Body mass index c) Awareness quantity d) Intelligence quotient 150. Introverted person is: a) Shameful b) Excitable c) With low need of social contact d) Outgoing 151. Narcissistic personality is typically: a) Avoidant b) Has a grandiose sense of self-importance c) Has constricted affect d) Fails to conform social norms 152. Antisocial personality typically: a) Fails to conform social norms b) Chooses solitary activities c) Has recurrent suspicions d) Views self as socially inept\ 153. A combination of three personality traits (control, commitment and challenge) that protect individuals from the potentially harmful effects of stressful situations refers to: a) Optimistic behavior b) External locus of control c) Hardiness d) internal locus of control 154. Obsessive-compulsive personality is typically: a) Inappropriately sexually seductive b) Preoccupied with details and rules c) Requires excessive admiration d) Unable to take responsibility 155. Psychology that focuses on a study of stereotypes, prejudices, attitudes, conformity, group behaviors, aggression and attraction is: a) Developmental psychology b) Clinical psychology c) Social psychology d) Psychometrics 156. The lack of warm emotions is typical: a) Anxious personality b) Histrionic personality disorder c) Dysphoric personality disorder d) Schizoid personality disorder 157. Free associations is the same as: a) Verbalization of spontaneous flow of idea b) Thought disorder c) Imagination d) Memory disorder 158. Freud's major contribution is: a) Concept of unconscious b) Use of hypnosis c) Use of relaxation d) Analysis of feeling 159. ID according to Freud operates on: a) Reality principle b) Pleasure principle c) Defense mechanism d) In relaxation 160. Superego is approximately equivalent to: a) Dream b) Phantasy c) Conscience d) Thinking 161. Denial is one of: a) Coping mechanism b) Though processes c) Memory disorder d) Defense mechanisms 162. During the oral stage of personality development, the gratification is reached through: a) Mouth b) Touching c) Walking d) Singing 163. Oedipus conflict involves: a) Relatives b) Society c) Siblings d) Parents 164. Behaviorists study mainly: a) Thinking b) Learning c) Imagination d) Creativity 165. Typical sign of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a) Perfectionism b) Emotional expressiveness c) Anxiety d) Exploitative 166. Personality disorder involves in general: a) Hallucinations b) Exaggeration of a personality trait c) Delusions d) Low IQ 167. Personality disorder is manifested predominantly in: a) Interpersonal relations b) Low self-esteem c) High self-esteem d) Unstable self-esteem 168. Which one of these personalities does not belong into the group of specific personality disorder: a) Bothering personality b) Avoiding personality c) Narcissistic personality d) Histrionic personality 169. Complete a missing word in this definition " ______ consists of all the …. Surrounding circumstances": a) Personality b) Emotional style c) Psychotherapy d) Thinking 170. "Big five" theory describes: a) Basic personality traits b) Basic drives c) Basic personality disorders d) Basic needs 171. The awful feeling that results when your attempts to reach some goal are block is: a) Accommodation b) Frustration c) Defense mechanism d) Deprivation 172. Somatoform disorders were called in the past: a) Anxious disorders b) Converse disorders c) Organ neuroses d) Psychoses 173. How much control you feel you have over a stressful situation is: a) Hardiness b) Internal locus of control c) External locus of control d) Commitment 174. Hans Selye contributed to stress with: a) General adaptation syndrome GAS b) Fight or flight response c) Hardiness d) Type A behavior 175. Relaxation psychotherapy makes use of: a) Emotional support b) Advices c) Suggestion d) Learning principle 176. The most effective way of communication with the patient is: a) Persuasion b) Assertive c) Empathic d) Eclectic 177. "Id" according to Freud operates: a) On defense mechanisms b) On pleasure principle c) On the principle of reality d) In relaxation 178. Abreaction in psychotherapy means: a) Cooperation with therapist b) Manipulation with patient c) Emotional solace d) Resistance against psychotherapy 179. "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist" a) A. Bandura b) K. Horney c) B. F. Skinner d) J.B. Watson 180. The “Little Albert” experiment was aimed to prove: a) Psychoanalitic theor b) Holistic theory c) Behavioristic theory d) Psychodynamic theory 181. Explorative method in psychology include: a) Anamnestic interview b) Laboratory experiment c) Observation d) Psychological test 182. Wechsler adult intelligence scale – revised (WAIS – R) gives outcomes for: a) Only global intelligence b) Only non verbal intelligence c) Only verbal intelligence d) Verbal nonverbal and global intelligence 183. Official world classification system for mental disorders is included in: a) ICD-10 b) DSM V c) WHO d) DSM-III-R 184. Which term doesn’t belong to S. Freud's theory of personality: 185. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, neuroticism, extraversion are personality traits from: a) Eysenck’s theory b) Freud's theory c) Big five theory d) Roger's theory 186. Maslow's hierarchy: 5 layers 187. Raven's test: Intelligence 188. In the famous “Little Albert experient ,Albert was the name of a: A boy (9 months old) 189. 5 stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance 190. Depressed and inhibited: Personality type D 191. In which disease was 5 stages of grief? (disease?) a) Children grieving in divorce b) Substances abuse c) Loss of serious relationship (or death) d) ?????? 192. Who can prescribe drugs? a) Psychologist b) Psychiatrist c) ?????? d) ?????? 193. First stage of psychoanalysis: Oral Roschach`s Test is - Projective test of personality The belief that you are basically in control of life`s events and you do influence the situation is called - Internal locus of control General adaption syndorme explains - Neurohumeral events in the body during stress Beahvioral psychotherapy makes use of - Leaning principle „Insight“ in psychotherapy means - Understanding how the problem may have developed Unconscious should be made conscious is the goal of - Psychoanalysis Personality charackteristics that may have reduced immunocompetence include - pessimistic explanatory style Methode of systematic deserzitization is method of - behavioral therapy Carl Roger`s is founder of - Humanistiy therapy Psychology that involves how we process, store and retrive inforamtion and how brain processes influence our behavior is psychology - Cognitive Interpersonal learning is curative factor in - Group psychotherapy The most prevalent psychosomatic disorder nowadays is - Depression Average IQ is - 90 – 110 Psychoanalysis was created by - S. Freud Lack of warm emotions is typical - Schizoid PID Free associations is the same as - Verbalization of spontaneous flow of ideas Freud major contribution is - Concept of unconcious Id according to Freud operates on - Pleasure principle Superego is approximaly equivalent to - Conscience Denial is one of - Defense mechanisms At the oral stage of personality development the gratification is reached through - Mouth Odipus conflict involves - Parents Behaviorists sudy mainly - Thinking Typical sign of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - Anxiety Personality disorder in general involves - Exaggeration of a personality trait Personality disorder mainly manifested predominatly in - Interpersonal relations Abbreviation „IQ“ means - Intelligence quotient Introverted person is - With low need of social contacts Narcisstisic personality is typically - has grandiose sense of self-importance Antisocial personality is typically - Fails to conform social norms Obsessive-compulsicve personality is typically - Preoccupied with details and rules The number of personality disorders clusters is -3 Social situations that involves power and authority greatly increases abedience to this point that a large percentage of people will obey orders even if they are clearly unreasonable and inhumane were explained by - Milgram experiment Extraversion vs. Intraversion are personality characteristics according to - Psychoanalysis A combination of three personality traits that protect individuals from the potentially hramful effects is stressful situation to - Hardiness Psychology that focus on a study of stereotypes, prejudices, attitudes, conformity, group behaviors, aggression and attraction - Social psychology Maslow - Pyrimde scheme (1. Perosonal needs, last Psychological needs Depression Test - DSM-5 - ICD-10 Prof. Zimbora - Prison Experiment Complex IQ Test - Wechsler - Raven - Stanford-Binet Test Attention - Burdon - Trail Making Test Memory - Wechsler Questionaires - Eysenck - Cattle Bodo Doll Experiment - Badura Jung - Development of Personality Adler - Individual psychology (Inferior Complex) Freud - Psychoanalysis Russia - Pavlov (Behaviorism) Europe - Psychoanalysis Esistential humanistic - Rogers - maslow - Yalon - Frankl - Gestalt - Perls Assertive behavior include - Accepting criticism Big Five theory describes - basic personality traits Typical symptoms of the patient suffering from personality disorder is - Delusions Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism are personality traits of - Big Five theory Lack of warm emotions is typical for - Cogneitive-behavioral psychotherapy principle uses - Emotional support Superego is approximatly equivalent to - Conscience Patient not adapting the behaviours and treatments their doctors recommmended - Non-Adherance Field of psychology that focuses on the measurement of peoples abilities, skills, intelligence, etc. - Psychometrics Free associations are the same as - Verbalization of spontaneous flow of ideas Antisocial personality typically - Fails to conform social norms The most effective way of communication with the patient is - Persuasion Physicians approach in communication with angry patients include -Listening well and longer then he wants to Little Albert experiment was aimed to prove - Behavioristic theory Hans Selye contibuted to stress with - GAS Relaxation psychotherapy makes use of - Emotional supprot Fight or flight response was described by -Cannon Unconscious should be made conscious is goal of - Psychoanalysis Abreaction in psychotherapy means - Resistance against Psychotherapy Occupational stress does not include - Satisfied social relationship Term of agravation means the same as - Memory dysfunction is called - amnesia Give me a dozen healthy infants…. From - J.B. Watson The whole world is greater then the sum of it`s parts … from - Gestalt psychology Hypnosis is used as a treating factor for - Altered state of consciousness  – Uta Hüning – p. 1/8 Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry Psychodiagnostic Methods Classification clinical methods: interview, observation, anamnesis test methods: ◦ performance tests (intelligence, memory, attention, special abilities) ◦ personality tests: questionaires, projective tests Goal of psychological examination find lvl. Of cognitive fct. in disordered organic CNS integrity (lvl. Of dementia, brain trauma, inflamation, impact of toxins) establish differentia diagnosis, most common: schizophrenia vs. psychosis, psychosis vs. severe personality disorder, organic brain affliction vs. depression evaluate personality structure: ◦ describe traits, type of personality disorder ◦ analyze psychodynamic structure (defense, resistance, possible inner conflicts) -> psychodynamic hypothesis Intelligence Rave's progressive matrices: general intelligence g-factor, 60 tasks in 5 subtests ◦ IQ = general ability to find logical connections in new tasks, normal 90-110 Wechsler Adult intelligence scale – Revised (WAIS-R): 2 main parts ◦ verbal: vocabulary definition, comprehension of social situation ◦ nonverbal/performance: assembling small objects, arranging picture in logical order -> gives more precise picture of persons specific abilities than single score/number Assessing organic brain damage: Bender Gestalt test, Trail marking, Grassi's test Personality assessment Questionaires ◦ Minnesota multiphasic inventory – 2 ◦ Eysenck personality inventory: neuroticism, extraversion ◦ NEO personality inventory – R (NEO-PI-R) = Big 5 theory: neuroticism, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, openess to experience Drawing tests, Rorschach test (Tintenklekstest), Hand test Psychotherapy (PT) – „Talk Therapy“ = method of treatment psychlogically induced problems using psychological means treating: neurotic difficulties, deperssion, phobias, personality disorders, inner/external conflicts, any psych. complication during somatic disease, psychosomatic disease by: dialog, spoken conversation, training, cognitive changes, relaxation, hypnosis Levels of PT: symptomatic, causal, supportive Forms of PT: individual, group, family Limits organic mental disorders acute schizophrenia, acute BIP only supportive PT: goal is only adaption, increase of life quality education(psychoeducation): understanding and better living with disorder  – Uta Hüning – p. 2/8 Methods of PT – depends on factors causing disorder Pschoanalysis - unconscous conflict ◦ looks for insight, connection of past/unconcious to current experience ◦ searching the hidden meaning of feelings, attitudes ◦ goal: „unconcious should be made concious“ ◦ procedure: talk, dialog, interpretation Behavioral modification – learning ◦ assume that all behaviour is learned, bad behaviour too ◦ method: find reinforced stimuli and eliminate the conditioned connection (break association btw. stimulus and negative emetional response) ◦ procedure: training Cognitive therapy - wrong cognitive structure ◦ assume that problems come from how people think ◦ method: confrontation of irrational beliefs influencing experience ◦ procedure: talk, dialog, identification of irrational beliefs, confrontation with them, theit replacement by rational ideas => Curative factors shared by every approach explanation of ethiology of disorder emotional support release of emotions connected with problem corrective exoerience Selected techniques / Relaxation assume: muscle tension, metnal tension and state of vegetative nervous system are interconnected autogenic training, Jacobson's progressive relaxation, breathing control behaviour modification technique: ◦ identify fear, train relaxation, combine these -> be relaxed and imagine fear Course/Ablauf of PT long term: psychoanalysis (daily for years), psychodynamic therapy (2y every week) short term: behaviour modification, cognitive therapy (25 sessions) General aim relieve emotional pain patient must be able to analyze + undestnad his experience how we recognize end? Patient speaks about successful solutions not problems  – Uta Hüning – p. 3/8 Personality = all relatively stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior and emotional response that characterize a person's adaptations to surrounding circumstances 2 key questions: origins and power of people individual differences --> in same situation, why don't all react same? 4 major perspectives on personality Psychoanalytic approach (Sigmund Freud): childhood experiences shape adult personality, unconscious is motivating human actions Behaviorist / social learning approaches: personality = set of learned responses Trait theories: personality = specific characteristics/traits (aggression, friendliness, emotional stability,..) Humanistic approach: human potential for growth, creativity, spontaneity => widely varying emphases, but all offer valuable insights into human behavior, they complement each other rather than compete PSYCHOANALYSIS – Freud Psychoanalysis: bring unconcious to concious free association: form of „talking cure“ where unhypnotized patient relaxes on coach and say loud whatever comes to mind structure of psyche: id, ego, superego. not physical divisions of the brain, but names given to strong psychological forces, the existence of which is inferred from the ways that people behave. id/es (needs, bedürfnisse: food, warm, contact), ego/ich (reality, btw. id and superego), superego/über-ich (Gebote/Verbote: laws, values, society) pleasure principle: id has no link with objective reality --> only wants satisfaction of bodily needs without regard logic, reason, reality or morality reality principle: the ego satisfys the id by making compromises, makes higher cognitive capacities: perception, learning, memory, problem solving, decision making and planning. Anxiety: psychic distress, signal that ego is losing its struggle to reconcile btw. id and superego, when ego reallizes that expression of an id impulse will lead to some kind of harm -> ego inhibits harmful action -> inner strugle = anxiety anxiety leads to defense mechanism (mental strategy) from ego to block harmful behavior while at the same time reducing anxiety. ◦ Repression: pushing unacceptable id impuls back into unconcious ◦ Denial: refuse to acknowledge a threat ◦ Regression: when fear makes that you do things which you did as kid ◦ Reaction formation: replace anxiety by diect opposite ◦ Preojection: I see my behaviour in others (I have affair, I think my wife cheats on me) ◦ Displacement: I am angry at my boss -> I shout at my friend ◦ Sublimation: forbidden impulses redirected to follow good goals Child's life stages: ◦ oral, anal, phalic, latency, genital ◦ fixation = when person stas in some of these stages  – Uta Hüning – p. 4/8 BEHAVIOUR developed in US, at similar time like Freud in Europe psychology rely only on data that can be empirically measured, findings made in laboratory all behavior = learned responses to particular stimuli rewards / punishments = powerful influences on behavior observational learning (B.F. Skinner): proces of learning complex patterns of behavior by watching other people perform them --> serve as models for our own behavior self-efficacy (A. Bandura): when people believe they are capable of dealing effectively with a situation, they possess a sense of about it, important to personality development (affects whether or not a person will even try to behave in certain manner) TRAIT consistency = key in human behavior 2 dimensions of personality (Eysenck): ◦ neuroticism vs. emotional stability: degree to which people have control over their feelings, highly neurotic person (anxious, moody, touchy, restless, quick to fly out of control) vs. very emotionally stable person (calm, even-tempered, reliable, almost never falling to pieces). ◦ extraversion vs. introversion:, the extent to which people are socially outgoing or socially withdrawn, (active, gregarious, impulsive, excitement-oriented vs. passive, quiet, cautious, reserved) --> many psychologists now believe that 5 dimensions are sufficient to describe any given personality and to differentiate that personality from others: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness HUMANISTIC we can understand another personality only by trying to see the world though their eyes behavior from my unique ways of percieving and thinking about the world strong belief in self-determination, individual potential, people can become what they want -> strong contrast with psychoanalytic / behaviorist theory (say: actions by forces out of our control Carl Rogers – „Theory of the self“ ◦ self-actualization: human motivation is a desire to become all that one truly is, struggle to become „real“ self ◦ conditional positive regard, condition of worth: love / praise are often witheld until the child conforms to parental or social standards -> suppresses „own“ ◦ if conditions of worth are few and reasonable --> they will be flexible enough to allow a wide range of feelings and behaviors (fully functioning: open, undefensive, realistic, creative, self-determining, underlying confidence in themselves) ◦ if conditions of worth are severly restrictive, prohibiting many thoughts and actions in which the person would otherwise engage --> self-actualization is blocked (anxious, fearful, defensive, conforming, unrealistic in self-demands, feels manipulated not free) ▪ help those people: client-centered therapy: therapist not judge the client, therapist offers client unconditioned positive regard (support all client says -> warm, accepting enviroment -> release need to defend unrealistic worth conditions Abraham Maslow – Self-actualized person -> hierarchy of needs: ◦ bottom fundamental needs (physical requirements: thirst, hunger, safety) ◦ Above these: psychological needs. (sense of belonging, of being loved, achieve competence, recognition, high self-esteem) ◦ Finally: need for self-actualization (realize own unique potential: excelling at lifework, devoting oneself to higher social goals)  – Uta Hüning – p. 5/8 Abnormal Psychology defining abnormal behavior – how can anybody tell what is normal? statistics, social adaption, ideal, subjective well-bein 4 Ds: deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger some behavior is clearly abnormal, some problematic but understandable basic critera: deviation from social norms, lack to accept social values, departure from standards what is „healthy“/„good“ Mental health = contium (extreme ends are easy to see) Professional guidlines: Psychiatry: psychopathological analysis, system of classification (DSM, ICD) Psychology: psychopathological analysis, test methods First clinical guideline differentiate btw. Neurotic/light (anxious, troubled, unhappy w/ identity) and psychotic/severe (no connection to reality, no correct identity) state neurotic (anxiety) -> personality disorder -> psychotic (loss of reality contact) neurotic, anxiety disorder: panic, phobies, posttraumatic, somatoform, dissociative psychotic disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar, major depression Factors causing mental disorders: genetics, brain chemical, culture, social, psychological factor Personality Disorders = enduring patterns of perceiving, thinking, feeling, behaving, that stay consistent = egosyntotic (they don't bother the person himself, only the surrounding people) Personality disorders: 3 Clusters ABC A: odd, excentric ◦ paranoid: suspicious, hold grudges, other people are nasty, reject/attak me -> don't trust ◦ schizoid: emotionally cold, don't like contact, rich fantasy world ◦ schizotypal: ecentric, weird/odd ideas, thinking difficulties, emotion lack, see/hear things B: dramatic, emotional, erratic ◦ antisocial: don't care feelings, frustrated, aggressiv, crimes, impulsiv, no guilt, no friends ◦ narcistic: strong sense of self-importance, dream of unlimited success/power/brillance, need attention, manipulate/use others, no empathy, look good ◦ histrionic: over-dramatic, self-centerd, strong emotions change fast, look good, need new, seductive ◦ borderline/emotionally unstable: impulsive, self-harm, fell empty, make/lose friends fast C: anxious, fearful ◦ avoidant/anxious: fear, worry, insecure/inferior, need acceptance, sensitive to criticism ◦ dependant: need other people, no self-motivation, fear, helpess when alone ◦ obsessive-compulsive: worry/doubt, perfectionist, stick to routines, judgemental, high moral standards, sensitive to criticism => any abrupt change in behavior/mood should be consulted  – Uta Hüning – p. 6/8 Anxiety in Dental Medicine = 5. most common fear Anxiety = emotional state before the encounter of the stimulus most from injection tooth extraction RCT drilling sound fear that I can't stop the dentist peridontal probing cost and time investment 4 groups of fear 1. anxious of specific stimulus 2. don't trust dental personnel 3. general dental anxiety 4. anxious of catastrophe fear comes from: traumatic childhood experiences bad image of dentist in public lack of understanding what dentist does seeing needles fear leads to: avoiding dental visit -> quality of life low bc. of fear and bc. of bad teeth wrong diagnosis bc. hypersensitive patient bad doctor-patient relation Dentist must: identify fear explain calm and slowly positive reinforcement have calming office environment show patient everything Anxiety Qiestionnaire multple/single item self reporting questionnaires CDAS: Corag's dental anxiety scale 1-20 MDAS: Modified dental anxiety scale DFS: Dental fear survey Make: Relaxation technique (ex. Jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation) Hypnotherapy Acupunture distraction (have TV running, aquarium)  – Uta Hüning – p. 7/8 Principles of Communication in Dentistry Communication = non-verbal (most) + vocal variety + words (least) Adherence: understanding treatment, satisfaction with relationship, follow treatment if problem, patients wants 3 things: what happened, excuse, insurance that will not happan again Doctor's faults: use jargon, don't listen, baby talk, non-person treatment, negative view of patient, chronic illness, psychological problems, sexism Patient's faults: not listening, unknowledge, give from informations, don't ask questions, fear Doctor need to: 1. build rapport with patient, ask questions 2. listen effectively 3. speak with confidence and assertiveness 4. explain dental conditions 5. convince patient to accept treatment 6. patient objetions to treatment (how do you think about the plan?) 7. communicate effectifely as a team (doctor-assistant) 8. respond to difficult patient questions Psychological Stress and Coping (Stress Management) Stress = negative emotional experience Stressor = thing/situation that makes stress threat -> stress -> Fight-or-Flight Response (sympathetic NS) General Adaption Syndrome (GAS): different stressors make same response = physiological pattern of reaction Psychological appraisal: determination if event will be stress, by: Harm, Threat, Challenge Responses to stress: varies acc. To genetic/development adapt to some extent, become aversive, helpless hypertension, coronary artery disease aftereffects of stress: low concentration/attention avoid/confront Dimension of stressful events Lazarus (person) made scales negative, uncontrollable, ambiguous especially stressful: central life domains anticipation of stressful event is as much stress as event itself (waiting for exam = stressful) daily hassle, situational/chronical stressor, frustration, PTSD, occupational stress Reduce Stress: have control, income, child, help, partner managing demands optimist are healthier than pessimists Ego-strength, internal resources  – Uta Hüning – p. 8/8 Coping: Problem-solving coping: do sth. Constructive, take action, change Emotion-focused coping: try to regulate emotions, accept/deny, become religious Avoid Resources of coping socioeconomic status sources of resilience (positive things in life) social support (tangible assistance – material, informational, emotional) Psychology in Somatic Medicine Behaviour = observable actions/responses Mental processes = not directly observable Psychophysiology: study effect of behaviour on body activity Psychosomatic symptoms: physical symptoms resulting from psychological factors (worry, stress, fear) -> Mind-body connection Factors for psychosomatic problems genetics, lifestyle psychological ◦ personal ▪ Hardiness: protects from harmfull events, commitment + challenge + control ▪ Locus of control: how much control you feel you have internal: I am in control external: other things control situation (luck, …) ◦ emotional and threat Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Hostility and CHD: psychosocial risk factors ◦ Type A behaviour: (1970) competitive, aggressive, (1980) depressed, angry, (1990) hostile ◦ Type B: calm, relaxed, easy-going ◦ Type D: chronic distress = negative affectivity, social inhibition Hostility: oppositional orientation to people (develops in childhood) Depression and CHD: other psychosocial risk factors ◦ social isolation, chronic interpersonal conflict… Physical difficulties: pain, discomfort Psychosocial factors: cancer-prone personality, depression, stress, negative expectations Adjusting to cancer: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance 5 patterns of coping: 3 lead to less psychosocial distress: social support, positivity, distancing 2 lead to more psychosocial distress: avoidance (cognitive + behavioral escape) Interventions for cancer patient: pharmacologic, cognitive-behavioral, psychotherapeutic Autoimmune disease: immune system attacks body's own tissue Stress & Depression weaken Immune System  Giulio Caroli Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy principles uses: Learning Autosuggestion Emotional support Persuasion When patients do not adopt the behaviours and treatments their doctors recommend, the result is termed: Adherence Non-adherence Defense communication Pessimistic explanatory style What is typical for deprivation: Occurrence of obstacles during reaching goals Unsolvable conflict State when some need is not fulfilled in appropriate amount for a long time Conflict between two incompatible needs What does not belong to the external causes of mental disorders: Conflict Frustration Stress Prenatal damage In hypnosis is used as a treating factor: Anxiolytics Altered state of consciousness Autosuggestion Animal magnetism Emotional states containing high competition, anger, impatience define a CHD patient behavior: Type D Type A Behavior Easy-going Type B Statement “No matter how much I study, it never seems to help” in the field of stress management ex…? Internal locus of control  Giulio Caroli External locus of control Parents’ decision Hardiness Term aggravation means the same as: Suppression of symptoms Dramatization of symptoms Simulation of symptoms Dissimulation Occupational stress does not include: Responsibility at work Work overload Lack of control over work Satisfied social relationships Personality characteristic that may reduce immunocompetence of body is: Optimism Hardiness Impulsiveness Pessimism Memory dysfunction relating to forgetting is called: Anorexia Autism Anxiety Amnesia The view that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is held by: Functionalism Mentalism Structuralism Gestalt psychology Physician’s approach in communication with angry patient include: Disagreement with fair criticism Staying angry Listening well and longer than he/she wants to No privacy Fight-or-flight response during stress was described by: Freud  Giulio Caroli Cannon Maslow Eysenck Assertive behavior includes: Not accepting positive reactions Be afraid of expressing negative concerns Not creating social contacts Accepting criticism The field of psychology that focuses on the measurement of people’s abilities, skills, intelligence, personality is: Developmental psychology Psychometrics Mental well being Organizational psychology Rorschach's test is: Questionnaire Test of intelligence Projective test of personality Test of attention The belief that you are basically in control of life's events and you do influences. The situation is called: An internal locus of control The mind-body connection Social instability An external locus of control General adaption syndrome explains: Neurohumoral process in the body during the stress Adaption to the environment Adaption at subhuman level Adaptive potential of the individual Behavioral psychotherapy means: Learning principles Suggestion Advices Emotional support  Giulio Caroli "Insight" in psychotherapy means: Rational collaboration of traumatic experience Explanation of psychotherapy effect Understanding how the problem may have developed "aha" experience "Unconscious should be made conscious" is the goal of: Psychoanalysis Relaxation Behavioral therapy Humanistic therapy Personality characteristics that may reduce immunocompetence include: Type B behavior Optimistic explanatory style Pessimistic explanatory style Type C behavior Method of systemic desensitization is the method of: Group therapy Behavioral therapy Psychoanalysis Psychological counseling Carl Rogers is founder of: Group therapy Individual therapy Humanistic therapy Aversive procedures Psychology that involves how we process, store and retrieve information and how brain processes influence our behavior is psychology: Social Cognitive Counseling Organizational Interpersonal learning is curative factor in: Group psychotherapy Individual psychotherapy Crisis intervention  Giulio Caroli Hypnosis The most prevalent psychosomatic disorders nowadays are: Depressions Carcinomas Cardiovascular diseases Neuroses The number of personality disorders clusters is: 4 3 6 5 The found of psychoanalysis was: Wechsler C.G. Jung A. Adler S. Freud Average intelligence means IQ score: 70-90 85-100 90-110 100-110 Social situations that involve power and authority greatly increase obedience to the point that a large percentage of people will obey orders even if they are clearly unreasonable and inhumane were explained by: Von Belesch experiment Pavlov conditioning Milgram experiment Seligman learned helplessness Typical symptom of the patient suffering from personality disorder is: Low intelligence Specific personality trait Depression Delusions Extraversion vs. introversion are personality characteristics according to: Trait theory  Giulio Caroli Typology Psychoanalysis Humanistic approach Abbreviation "IQ" means: Memory quotient Body mass index Awareness quantity Intelligence quotient Introverted person is: Shameful Excitable With low need of social contact Outgoing Narcissistic personality is typically: Avoidant Has a grandiose sense of self-importance Has constricted affect Fails to conform social norms Antisocial personality typically: Fails to conform social norms Chooses solitary activities Has recurrent suspicions Views self as socially inept A combination of three personality traits (control, commitment and challenge) that protect individuals from the potentially harmful effects of stressful situations refers to: Optimistic behavior External locus of control Hardiness internal locus of control Obsessive-compulsive personality is typically: Inappropriately sexually seductive Preoccupied with details and rules Requires excessive admiration Unable to take responsibility  Giulio Caroli Psychology that focuses on a study of stereotypes, prejudices, attitudes, conformity, group behaviors, aggression and attraction is: Developmental psychology Clinical psychology Social psychology Psychometrics The lack of warm emotions is typical: Anxious personality Histrionic Dysphoric PD Schizoid PD Free associations is the same as: Verbalization of spontaneous flow of idea Thought disorder Imagination Memory disorder Freud's major contribution is: Concept of unconscious Use of hypnosis Use of relaxation Analysis of feeling ID according to Freud operates on: Reality principle Pleasure principle Defense mechanism In relaxation Superego is approximately equivalent to: Dream Phantasy Conscience Thinking Denial is one of: Coping mechanism Though processes Memory disorder  Giulio Caroli Defense mechanisms During the oral stage of personality development, the gratification is reached through: Mouth Touching Walking Singing Oedipus conflict involves: Relatives Society Siblings Parents Behaviorists study mainly: Thinking Learning Imagination Creativity Typical sign of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Perfectionism Emotional expressiveness Anxiety Exploitative Personality disorder involves in general: Hallucinations Exaggeration of a personality trait Delusions Low IQ Personality disorder is manifested predominantly in: Interpersonal relations Low self-esteem High self-esteem Unstable self-esteem Which one of these personalities does not belong into the group of specific personality disorder: Bothering personality Avoiding personality  Giulio Caroli Narcissistic personality Histrionic personality Complete a missing word in this definition " ______ consists of all the …. Surrounding circumstances": Personality Emotional style Psychotherapy Thinking "Big five" theory describes: Basic personality traits Basic drives Basic personality disorders Basic needs The awful feeling that results when your attempts to reach some goal are block is: Accommodation Frustration Defense mechanism Deprivation Somatoform disorders were called in the past: Anxious disorders Converse disorders Organ neuroses Psychoses How much control you feel you have over a stressful situation is: Hardiness Internal locus of control External locus of control Commitment Hans Selye contributed to stress with: General adaptation syndrome GAS Fight or flight response Hardiness Type A behavior Relaxation psychotherapy makes use of: Emotional support  Giulio Caroli Advices Suggestion Learning principle The most effective way of communication with the patient is: Persuasion Assertive Empathic Eclectic "Id" according to Freud operates: On defense mechanisms On pleasure principle On the principle of reality In relaxation Abreaction in psychotherapy means: Cooperation with therapist Manipulation with patient Emotional solace Resistance against psychotherapy "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist" A. Bandura K. Horney B. F. Skinner J.B. Watson The “Little Albert” experiment was aimed to prove: Psychoanalitic theory Holistic theory Behavioristic theory Psychodynamic theory Explorative method in psychology include: Anamnestic interview Laboratory experiment Observation Psychological test  Giulio Caroli Wechsler adult intelligence scale – revised (WAIS – R) gives outcomes for: Only global intelligence Only non verbal intelligence Only verbal intelligence Verbal nonverbal and global intelligence Official world classification system for mental disorders is included in: ICD-10 DSM V WHO DSM-III-R Which term doesn’t belong to S. Freud's theory of personality: Ego Id Superego Persona Conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, neuroticism, extraversion are personality traits from: Eysenck’s theory Freud's theory Big five theory Roger's theory Maslow's hierarchy: 5 layers Raven's test: Intelligence Little Albert: A boy (9 months old) 5 stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance Depressed and inhibited: Personality type D In which disease was 5 stages of grief? (disease?)  Giulio Caroli Children grieving in divorce Substances abuse Loss of serious relationship (or death) ?????? Who can prescribe drugs? Psychologist Psychiatrist ?????? ?????? First stage of psychoanalysis: Oral  Helle Siggerud 2020 PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDICAL COMMUNICATION - FINAL 1. Rorschach's test is: a) Ques1onnaire b) Test of intelligence c) Projec1ve test of personality d) Test of a>en1on 2. The belief that you are basically in control of life's events and you do influences. The situaLon is called: a) an internal locus of control b) the mind-body connec1on c) social instability d) an external locus of control 3. General adapLon syndrome explains: a) neurohumoral process in the body during the stress b) adap1on to the environment c) adap1on at subhuman level d) adap1ve poten1al of the individual 4. Behavioral psychotherapy means: a) Learning principles b) Sugges1on c) Advices d) Emo1onal support 5. "Insight" in psychotherapy means: a) Ra1onal collabora1on of trauma1c experience b) Explana1on of psychotherapy effect c) Understanding how the problem may have developed d) "aha" experience 6. "Unconscious should be made conscious" is the goal of: a) Psychoanalysis  Helle Siggerud 2020 b) Relaxa1on c) Behavioral therapy d) Humanis1c therapy 7. Personality characterisLcs that may have reduced immune competence include: a) Type B behavior b) Op1mis1c explanatory style c) Pessimis1c explanatory style d) Type C behavior 8. Method of systemic desensiLzaLon is the method of: a) Group therapy b) Behavioral therapy c) Psychoanalysis d) Psychological counseling 9. Carl Rogers is founder of: a) Group therapy b) Individual therapy c) Humanis1c therapy d) Aversive procedures 10. Psychology that involves how we process, store and retrieve informaLon and how brain processes influence our behavior is psychology: a) Social b) Cogni1ve c) Counseling d) Organiza1onal 11. Interpersonal learning is curaLve factor in: a) Group psychotherapy b) Individual psychotherapy c) Crisis interven1on  Helle Siggerud 2020 d) Hypnosis 12. The most prevalent psychosomaLc disorders nowadays are: a) Depressions b) Carcinomas c) Cardiovascular diseases d) Neuroses 13. The number of personality disorders clusters in: a) 4 b) 3 c) 6 d) 5 14. The founder of psychoanalysis was: a) Wechsler b) C.G. Jung c) A. Adler d) S. Freud 15. Average intelligence means IQ score: a) 70-90 b) 85-100 c) 90-110 d) 100-110 16. Social situaLons that involve power and authority greatly increase obedience to the point that a large percentage of people will obey orders even if they are clearly unreasonable and inhumane were explained by: a) Von Belesch experiment b) Pavlov condi1oning c) Milgram experiment d) Seligman learned helplessness  Helle Siggerud 2020 17. Typical symptom of the paLent suffering from personality disorder is: a) Low intelligence b) Specific personality trait c) Depression d) Delusions 18. Extraversion vs. introversion are personality characterisLcs according to: a) Trait theory b) Typology c) Psychoanalysis d) Humanis1c approach 19. AbbreviaLon "IQ" means: a) Memory quo1ent b) Body mass index c) Awareness quan1ty d) Intelligence quintet 20. Introverted person is: a) Shameful b) Excitable c) With low need of social contact d) Outgoing 21. NarcissisLc personality is typically: a) Avoidant b) Has a grandiose sense of self-importance c) Has constricted affect d) Fails to conform social norms 22. AnLsocial personality typically: a) Fails to conform social norms b) Chooses solitary ac1vi1es  Helle Siggerud 2020 c) Has recurrent suspicions d) Views self as socially inept 23. A combinaLon of three personality traits (control-commitment-challenge) that protect individuals from the potenLally harmful effects of stressful situaLons refers to: a) Op1mis1c behavior b) External locus of control c) hardiness d) internal locus of control 24. Obsessive-compulsive personality is typically: a) Inappropriately sexually seduc1ve b) Preoccupied with details and rules c) Requires excessive admira1on d) Unable to take responsibility 25. Psychology that focuses on a study of stereotypes, prejudices, actudes, conformity, group behaviors, aggression and adracLon is: a) Developmental psychology b) Clinical psychology c) Social psychology d) Psychometrics 26. Lack of warm emoLons is typical: a) Anxious personality b) Histrionic c) Dysphoric PD d) Schizoid PD 27. Free associaLons is the same as: a) Verbaliza1on of spontaneous flow of idea b) Thought disorder  Helle Siggerud 2020 c) Imagina1on d) Memory disorder 28. Freud's major contribuLon is: a) Concept of unconscious b) Use of hypnosis c) Use of relaxa1on d) Analysis of feeling 29. ID according to Freud operates on: a) Reality principle b) Pleasure principle c) Defense mechanism d) In relaxa1on 30. Superego is approximately equivalent to: a) Dream b) Phantasy c) Conscience d) Thinking 31. Denial is one of: a) Coping mechanism b) Though processes c) Memory disorder d) Defense mechanisms 32. At the oral stage of personality development the graLficaLon is reached through: a) Mouth b) Touching c) Walking d) Singing  Helle Siggerud 2020 33. Oidipus conflict involves: a) Rela1ves b) Society c) Siblings d) Parents 34. Behaviorists study mainly: a) Thinking b) Learning c) Imagina1on d) Crea1vity 35. Typical sign of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a) Perfec1onism b) Emo1onal expressiveness c) Anxiety d) Exploi1veness 36. Personality disorder in general involves: a) Hallucina1ons b) Exaggera1on of a personality trait c) Delusions d) Low IQ 37. Personality disorder is manifested predominantly in: a) Interpersonal rela1ons b) Low self-esteem c) High self-esteem d) Unstable self-esteem 38. Which one of these personaliLes does not belong into the group of specific a) Bothering personality  Helle Siggerud 2020 b) Avoiding personality c) Narcissis1c personality d) Histrionic personality 39. Complete a missing word in this definiLon " ______ consists of all the …. Surrounding circumstances" a) Personality b) Emo1onal style c) Psychotherapy d) Thinking 40. " big five" theory describes a) basic personality traits b) basic drives c) basic personality disorders d) basic needs 41. the awful feeling that results when your adempts to reach some goal are block.. a) accommoda1on b) frustra1on c) defense mechanism d) depriva1on 42. somatoform disorders were called in the past a) anxious disorders b) converse disorders c) organ neuroses d) psychoses 43. how much control you feel you have over a stressful situaLon is a) hardiness b) internal locus of control c) external locus of control  Helle Siggerud 2020 d) commitment 44. hans selye contributed to stress with a) general adapta1on syndrome GAS b) fight or flight response c) hardiness d) type A behavior 45. relaxaLon psychotherapy makes use of a) emo1onal support b) advices c) sugges1on d) learning principle 46. The most effecLve way of communicaLon with the paLent is a) Persuasion b) Asser1ve c) Empathic d) Eclec1c e) Environmental f) Emfa1c 47. AbreacLon in psychotherapy means a) Coopera1on with therapist b) Manipula1on with pa1ent c) Emo1onal solace d) Resistance against psychotherapy 48. "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, arLst" a) A. Bandura b) K. Horney c) B. F. Skinner  Helle Siggerud 2020 d) J.B. Watson 49. The lidle albert (A boy, 9 months old) experiment was to prove a) Psychoanali1c theory b) Holis1c theory c) Behavioris1c theory d) Psychodynamic theory 50. ExploraLve method in psychology include a) Anamnes1c interview b) Laboratory experiment c) Observa1on d) Psychological test 51. Wechsler adult intelligence scale – revised ( WAIS – R) gives outcomes for a) Only global intelligence b) Only nonverbal intelligence c) Only verbal intelligence d) Verbal nonverbal and global intelligence 52. Official world classificaLon system for mental disorders is included in a) ICD-10 b) DSM V (only in America, so not “world”) c) WHO d) DSM-III-R 53. Which term doesn’t belong to s. freud's theory of personality a) Ego b) Id c) Superego d) persona 54. conscienriousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, neuroLcism, extraversion are personality traits from a) eysencks theory  Helle Siggerud 2020 b) freud's theory c) big five theory d) roger's theory 55. Maslow's hierarchy: 5 layers 56. Raven's test: Intelligence 57. 5 stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance 58. Depressed and inhibited: Personality type D 59. In which disease was 5 stages of grief? a) children grieving in divorce b) loss of serious rela1onship c) substance abuse 60. A doctor who has spent several years in clinical training, which includes diagnosing physical and neurological…. Who can prescribe drugs? a) Clinical Psychologist b) Psychiatrist c) Social worker d) Counseling psychologist 61. CogniLve-behavioral psychotherapy principles uses: a) Learning b) Autosugges1on c) Emo1onal support d) Persuasion 62. When paLents do not adopt the behaviours and treatments their doctors recommend, the result is termed: a) Adherence  Helle Siggerud 2020 b) Non-adherence c) Defense communica1on d) Pessimis1c explanatory style 63. What is typical for deprivaLon: a) Occurrence of obstacles during reaching goals b) Unsolvable conflict c) State when some need is not fulfilled in appropriate amount for a long 1me d) Conflict between two incompa1ble needs 64. What does not belong to the external causes of mental disorders: a) Conflict b) Frustra1on c) Stress d) Prenatal damage 65. In hypnosis is used as a treaLng factor: a) Anxioly1cs b) Altered state of consciousness c) Autosugges1on d) Animal magne1sm 66. EmoLonal states containing high compeLLon, anger, impaLence define a CHD paLent behavior: a) Type D b) Type A Behavior c) Easy-going d) Type B 67. Statement “No mader how much I study, it never seems to help” in the field of stress management ex…? a) Internal locus of control b) External locus of control c) Parents’ decision  Helle Siggerud 2020 d) Hardiness 68. Term aggravaLon means the same as: a) Suppression of symptoms b) Drama1za1on of symptoms c) Simula1on of symptoms d) Dissimula1on 69. OccupaLonal stress does not include: a) Responsibility at work b) Work overload c) Lack of control over work d) Sa1sfied social rela1onships 70. Memory dysfuncLon relaLng to forgecng is called: a) Anorexia b) Au1sm c) Anxiety d) Amnesia 71. The view that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is held by: a) Func1onalism b) Mentalism c) Structuralism d) Gestalt psychology 72. Physician’s approach in communicaLon with angry paLent include: a) Disagreement with fair cri1cism b) Staying angry c) Listening well and longer than he/she wants to d) No privacy 73. Fight-or-flight response during stress was described by: a) Freud  Helle Siggerud 2020 b) W.B. Cannon c) Maslow d) Eysenck 74. AsserLve behavior includes: a) Not accep1ng posi1ve reac1ons b) Be afraid of expressing nega1ve concerns c) Not crea1ng social contacts d) Accep1ng cri1cism 75. The field of psychology that focuses on the measurement of people’s abiliLes, skills, intelligence, personality is: a) Developmental psychology b) Psychometrics c) Mental well being d) Organiza1onal psychology 76. Depressed and inhibited: a) Personality type D 77. In which disease was 5 stages of grief? (disease?) b) Children grieving in divorce c) Substances abuse d) Loss of serious rela1onship (or death) 78. First stage of psychosexual development according to Freud: a) Oral b) Genital c) Pha1c d) Anal 79. How is schizophrenia treated? a) An1psycho1c drugs/neurolep1cs 80. FuncLon of neurotransmiders: a) Pass the signal  Helle Siggerud 2020 81. Field of psychology dealing with death and dying paLents a) Psychopathology b) Pathopsychology c) Neuropsychology d) Thanatology 82. What is not a risk factor of atherosclerosis? a) Female gender b) Psychosocial factors c) Alcohol intake and smoking d) High cholesterol levels 83. Which of these projecLve tests uses the percepLon of inkblots to assess responders personality types? a) Rorschach test b) Myer-Briggs Type indicator test c) Minnesota Mul1phasic Personality Inventory d) Thema1c Apprecep1on test 84. Which personality disorder is characterized by the padern of preoccupaLons with orderliness, perfecLonism and control a) Paranoid b) Dependent c) Anal-reten1ve d) Obsessive-compulsive 85. Which of the following theories suggests that behavior is triggered largerly by powerful forces found in unconscious a) Learning theory b) Triat theory c) Psychoanaly1c theory d) Humanis1c theory 86. In the Pavlolv’s classical condiLoning experiments, situaLon when dog salivates to just hearing the metronome, is called:  Helle Siggerud 2020 a) Condi1oned response b) Uncondi1oned response c) Uncondi1ones s1mulus d) Condi1oned s1mulus 87. A person who is socially outgoing, and prefers to pay adenLon to the external environment is: a) Extroverted type b) Archetypal type c) Introverted type