Maps PDF

Images *Please note these are not all of the relevant Unit 1 images. Please see your textbook, AP Classroom, and Albert.io. Hangzhou Confucian Temple in Japan Mosque in China Maps Key Slides: Africa  IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa A. The Making...

Images *Please note these are not all of the relevant Unit 1 images. Please see your textbook, AP Classroom, and Albert.io. Hangzhou Confucian Temple in Japan Mosque in China Maps Key Slides: Africa  IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa A. The Making of an East African Civilization – Swahili civilization emerged 8th century CE – commercial, competitive politically independent city states on E. African coasts - grew with extension of Indian Ocean Trade Network (“IOTN”) – Urbanized cities - Mombasa, Kilwa, Zanzibar - conduits of trade between IOTN and African interior exported gold, ivory, animal skins, enslaved peoples as far as Arabia, Persia, India, China imported Chinese porcelain and silks, Persian rugs, Indian cotton - conduit to interior Africa – ocean trade conducted by Arabic vessels – local water journeys undertaken by Swahili vessels  IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa A. The Making of an East African Civilization – Swahili society and culture: class-stratification: rich rulers, powerful merchant class, commoners diaspora communities with Arab, Persian and Indian merchants settling temporarily or permanently syncretism of languages - Swahili as mix of African Bantu and Arabic Islamization of Swahili civilization – Ruling families claim Persian and Arab origin – Culture: Mosques, Arabic - language of religious leaders – Swahili people convert - become African Muslims IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa B. The Making of a West African Civilization – developed through commercial activity and influence of Islam - reputation for riches extended outside West Africa – Territorial empires: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay monarchies with elaborate courts, administrations, military power gained from taxes on Trans-Saharan trade merchants – Important cities: Jenne, Timbuktu – Independent city-states (Hausa-speaking peoples in northern Nigeria): Kano, Katsina, Gobir beg. 11th century, Hausa merchants served as middle-men in trans- The Sand Roads of North and West Africa Reading the Map: Which cities were built at points where the Sand Road trade routes arrived at the Niger River? Making Connections: The Kingdom of Mali was much larger than the earlier Kingdom of Ghana. What might you infer from the map about the motives for Mali’s westward expansion?  IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa B. The Making of a West African Civilization – Mali Empire in the 14th century monopoly of goods - horses and metals taxed salt, copper, other merchandize held and controlled gold trade – Social structures change with economic growth and Islamic influence complex class stratification emerged gender hierarchies emerged – rulers, merchants and public officials mostly male – women still central to agricultural production and weaving – Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta visited Mali in 14th century - disapproved casual male-female intimate relations of converts  IV. Emerging Civilizations in Africa B. The Making of a West African Civilization – trans-Saharan slave trade (“TSTN) (1100-1400): non-Muslims from south traded to be servants and concubines (female) and state officials, craftsmen, miners (men) ~5,500 enslaved people per year to North Africa’s wealthy families – W. African cities hub of manufacturing for beads, iron tools, cotton textiles - goods traded via TSTN Timbuktu: housed Muslim scholars, judges, manuscripts, books, frequented by rich merchants – Diasporic communities emerged: N. African merchants lived in Mali, Hausa merchants throughout W. Africa Key Slides: Americas  VI. Civilizations of the Americas A. The Emergence of the Aztecs in Mesoamerica – Aztec Empire - largest and last state in Mesoamerica (1345-1528) before Spanish conquest in early 16th century – founded by the Mexica people from Northern Mexico – developed militarily, mercenary work, married into elites, build capital city of Tenochtitlan – Triple Alliance between Mexica and neighboring city- states → embarked on military conquests – created one Mesoamerican political framework - legitimacy through continuity with ancient Mesoamerican civilization  VI. Civilizations of the Americas A. The Emergence of the Aztecs in Mesoamerica – framework of Aztec empire was decentralized and unstable (rebellions by conquered peoples) conquered people served as labor for Aztec projects provided tribute to Aztec rulers (textiles, luxury products) - managed by imperial tribute collectors – Tenochtitlan - 150,000-200,000 people extensive waterways and bridges 200 feet high walls surrounded palaces and temples surrounded by chinampas (floating gardens)  VI. Civilizations of the Americas B. The Emergence of the Incas in the Andes – Inca Empire - 15th-early 16th century - founded by Quechua- speaking people benefitted from the Pacific ocean and waterways and diverse foods in the area, i.e. potatoes, tropical fruits, coca leaves and possessing domesticable llamas – stretched 2,500 miles along the length of the Andes mountain range - incorporating lands/culture of earlier Andean civilizations – home to 10 million diverse people (much larger than Aztec  VI. Civilizations of the Americas B. The Emergence of the Incas in the Andes – elaborate bureaucratic structure ruled the empire Incan emperor ruled by divine descent from gods 80 provinces with their own governors state theoretically owned all land - “lands of the suns” local officials worked within Inca administration quipu: knotted cords recorded population data – resettlement program moved 25% of population to new locations to quell resistance and to reward loyal subjects – cultural integration: all conquered learned to speak Quechua and learn Inca culture - religious autonomy continued among subject peoples  IV. Civilizations of the Americas B. The Emergence of the Incas in the Andes – subjects required to provide labor to the state periodically in the mita system “sun farms,” military service, state-construction projects skilled workers manufacture textiles, metal goods, and stonework “chosen women” - trained in Inca ideology from young age – Inca ideology required the state to stage elaborate feasts for their subjects and provide food, etc. at times of disaster