Lecture Three PDF - World History

HIST 1200: World History Ancient Cities, States, and Civilizations: Indus Valley and East Asia South Asia: Indus Valley Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Mohenjo-Daro “Priest-King” and “Mother Goddess” Agriculture and Trade  “Dancing Girl” and Pashupati Seal (ca. 2300-1750...

HIST 1200: World History Ancient Cities, States, and Civilizations: Indus Valley and East Asia South Asia: Indus Valley Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Mohenjo-Daro “Priest-King” and “Mother Goddess” Agriculture and Trade  “Dancing Girl” and Pashupati Seal (ca. 2300-1750 BCE) Writing  Collapse Natural causes: Epidemic? Floods? Earthquake? Drought? Aryan/Vedic Migration (ca. 1500 BCE) Iron Plow and Rig Veda (“Knowledge”) East Asia: Yangshao (“Painted”) and Longshan (“Black Pottery”) Cultures Yellow and Yangtze Rivers Xia Dynasty (ca. 2070-1600 BCE) and Erlitou Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600-1046 BCE) and Oracle Bones Shang Chariot Wu Ding and Tomb of Lady Hao (ca. 1250 BCE) Religion and Ritual: Oracle Bone and Burial Pit Clans and Villages: Banpo Bronze Knives and Drinking Vessel  Conclusion (1 of 3) Near some giant rivers, complex human cultures emerged. Most densely populated regions Occupation specialization Social hierarchy Rising material standards of living Sophisticated systems of art and science Centralized production and distribution of food, clothing, and other goods River-basin cultures followed distinct evolutions. Single river such as Nile or Indus: more political stability Floodplain such as Tigris or Euphrates: competition for preeminence led to violence  Conclusion (2 of 3) Most people still lived in simple, egalitarian societies. Americas, sub-Saharan Africa Emergence of regional cultures: Anatolia, Europe, parts of China Warrior societies: Aegean and Europe Climate affected everyone and could slow or reverse development.  Conclusion (3 of 3) The second millennium BCE was an unprecedented time of migration, warfare, and territorial state building in Afro-Eurasia. Droughts triggered large-scale migrations across Afro-Eurasia. Transhumant (seasonal) herders looked to river-basin societies for water and resources. They changed the social and political fabric of those communities. Horse-riding nomads conquered and settled in the agrarian states, bringing many technological innovations. Horse chariots became military catalysts: small to larger territorial states Nomads and transhumant herders exchanged beliefs and customs with those they conquered. Development of long-distance trade by land and sea between agrarian societies.