History of Civilizations PDF
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This document provides an overview of various historical civilizations, including their primary and secondary traditions, defining moments, and key figures. It covers topics such as Mesopotamian civilization, the Achaemenid Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The document also touches on political and social systems, such as democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy.
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Primary Tradition Secondary Tradition The Defining Moment Creative Minorities Resource Endowments Civilization Bureaucracy Mesopotamia Tigris Euphrates Sumerians City-States Sargon Akkadian Empire Code of Hammurabi Cuneiform Medes Persians Achaemenid Dynasty Cyrus Darius Central...
Primary Tradition Secondary Tradition The Defining Moment Creative Minorities Resource Endowments Civilization Bureaucracy Mesopotamia Tigris Euphrates Sumerians City-States Sargon Akkadian Empire Code of Hammurabi Cuneiform Medes Persians Achaemenid Dynasty Cyrus Darius Centralize/Centralization Persepolis Satrapy Satrap Zoroaster Ahura Mazda Angra Mainyu Zoroastrianism Monotheism Magi Avesta Bedouins Mecca Khadija Quran Allah Muhammad Islam Muslim Ka'ba Medina Umma Theocracy/Theocratic State Hajj Caliph Abu Bakr Umayyad Dynasty Abbasid Dynasty Abu-al-Abbas Baghdad Ulama Revealed Knowledge Hadith Sharia Rational Knowledge Arabic Numerals Mystical Knowledge Sufism Sufi Madrasa Sunnis Muslims Shiite Ali Grand Vizier Military patronage state Ottoman Empire Anatolia Seljuk Turks Osman Emirates Bursa Ottoman Dynasty Sultan Topkapi Palace Harem Mehmed the Conqueror Law of fratricide Sultan Murad Janissaries Devshirme Divan Crete Arthur Evans Minoan Civilization Knossos Mycenaean Civilization Schliemann Dark Age Polis Chief Archon Solon Tyrants Cleisthenes Democracy Aristocracy Monarchy Oligarchy Tyranny Anarchy Constitutional Government Assembly of Male Citizens Council of Five Hundred Acropolis
