T&H.docx

**THC 1** **Terms, Key, Definition** **Tourism** **- is the act of travel away from home, mostly for the purpose of recreation or leisure. Tourism development provides the services to support this kind of travel, Tourists, according to the World Tourism Organisation, are people who "travel to sta...

**THC 1** **Terms, Key, Definition** **Tourism** **- is the act of travel away from home, mostly for the purpose of recreation or leisure. Tourism development provides the services to support this kind of travel, Tourists, according to the World Tourism Organisation, are people who "travel to stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited". This means that tourism invites visits to places other than one's domicile for pleasure and from where one does not receive a salary** **Recreation** **- Is the use of time in a non-profitable way. It is a therapeutic revitalisation of the body and mind. It is more active in a refreshing and diverting manner. Leisure, on the other hand, is a form of passive entertainment or rest** **1. Disposable income** **- i.e. money to spend on non-essential items like leisure.** **2. Leisure time** **- i.e. time away from work for passive pursuits. Strong motivation in a highly stressed work life. People just want to put up their feet and relax** **3. Tourism infrastructure** **- to support recreation and leisure activities, like transport, accommodation, amusement centres, etc** **Heritage** **- attractions play an important role in tourism as people most likely would have been introduced to them in school** **Cultural tourism** **-is concerned with a country's or region's culture, especially its arts. It generally focuses on traditional communities who have diverse customs, art and distinct social practices which distinguish them from other cultures.** **Adventure tourism** **- is a type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote, inaccessible and possibly hostile areas where the traveller can experience the unexpected. It may include the performance of acts that require significant effort and grit and may also involve some degree of risk** **Pilgrimage** **-In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes it is a journey to a place or shrine of importance to a person's beliefs and faith. Members of every major religion participate in pilgrimage. A person who makes such a journey is a pilgrim. Pilgrimages can be traced to 4^th^ century A.D. when Christians regarded pilgrimage a scared duty to visit the holy land as a trial of ones faith** **Spas** **- have encouraged health tourism since the 18^th^ century in Britain. Spas are places with supposedly health-giving mineral waters, treating diseases from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis. Famous Spas in Britain are found in Bath, Buxton, Harrogate and Tunbridge Wells** **Some popular adventure tours in present times include:** ** Mountaineering expeditions** ** Trekking** ** Bungee Jumping/** ** White River Rafting** ** Rock climbing** ** Backpacking** ** Extreme tourism** ** Desert Safaris** ** Educational field trips** ** River trekking** ** Jungle Safaris** **Accommodation comes in many forms:** ** Hotels** **-they come in various categories and standards to meet every possible budget.** ** Motels** **-are motor hotels located on highways.** ** Lodges are up** **-country accommodation mostly sponsored by the local state. We would have forest lodges, country lodges, ski lodges, etc.** ** Guest Houses** **-were originally meant for government officials on tour but they are now open to the public.** ** Furnished Apartments** **- are a modern popular alternative to hotels especially for travellers staying longer.** ** Camps** **-are ideal for trekkers on foot or caravans. They provide outdoor accommodation ranging from tents, porta-cabins to caravan sites.** ** Resorts** **-are for holidaymakers and located at attractive natural sites like hills, beaches, hot springs, waterfalls, lakes etc. Man-made resorts are the latest craze like Disneyland, Universal Studios, Lego-land, Wild Wadi, etc.** **Bridges** **-are structures to facilitate surface communication across impossible terrains. They are built to span gorges, valleys, road, railroad tracks, rivers, and bodies of water or any other physical obstacle. Bridges help in the economy of the country by connecting inaccessible regions. Many tourist sites have been made viable because their access routes are easy with bridges. There are five main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges and truss bridges** **Emporiums** **-may be located at airports and local shopping centres. Emporiums sell the local handicrafts of the nation. It becomes a show window for cottage industries of the country. Travellers want to take souvenirs of the country back home and visit emporiums to get authentic handicrafts** **Food and Beverage Establishments:** **-Food services are implicit to travel. Just as people need shelter when travelling, so do they need food to eat. Tourism provides both state sponsored and private food facilities to meet any taste and budget** **Telecommunications** **- is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communications.** **Night Clubs** **-It is principally open at night for dinner, dance and live entertainment** **Dining Rooms** **-all purpose eating venue in small and heritage hotels.** **Potable Water** **-Potable water is a great gift to a nation's tourism effort. People in the US and Canada can drink water anywhere without getting infected, whereas water in many Asian countries is a major deterrent to the not so adventurous tourist.** **Water Resources** **-are sources of water that are useful to humans. Unfortunately water is scarce and will be a precious commodity in future. The inset alongside shows the projected water scarcity worldwide, by 2025** **Bars** **-These are places where alcoholic and non-alcoholic meverages are served. In England, they are called pubs where raditionally beer of all types is served from taps** **Tour Guides** **- are qualified professionals who lead tourists around a town, museum, or other tourist sites, or on longer tours in an established circuit requiring "guided tours". They are essential to translate the local culture to a visitor** **Drive in movie** **-in movie is where the above concept applies to view cinema on a giant screen.** ** Commuter traffic** **- that connect small communities.** **Classification of natural resources** ** De Climate** ** Potable Water** ** Flora & Fauna** ** Scenery** ** Minerals** ** Rivers, Lakes, & Waterfalls** **Classification of tourism** 1. **Domestic tourism involving residents of the given country travelling within that Country only.** 2. **Inbound tourism involving foreigners (non-residents), travelling into a given country.** 3. **Outbound tourism involving residents travelling to another country.** **Different component of tourism Infrastructure** ** Accommodations** ** Airlines and Airports** ** Archaeological Department** ** Bridges** ** Customs** ** Duty Free Shops** ** Emigrations** ** Emporiums** ** Entertainment** ** Exchange Bureaus** ** Food and beverage establishments** ** Health facilities** ** Highways** ** Left Luggage facility** ** Museums** ** Natural Resources** ** Power Generation** ** Public Works** ** Telecommunications** ** Tour Guides** ** Tourist Attractions** ** Tourist Offices** ** Transportation** ** Travel Agencies** ** Water Resources** **Le restaurant divin** **- The soup vendor merchandised the soup as "le restaurant divin"- the divine restorative, coming from the Latin word resturare, meaning 'to restore. This gave us the word restaurant a place to restore one's health.** **Palace Hotel** **-In 1874, William Chapman Ralston established a super luxury property called the Palace Hotel in California during the Gold Rush. It was built on the lines of a European palace with domed glass roof, marble floors, own water supply, fire sprinkler system and alrconditioning. It had 800 plush rooms spread over seven floors** **Inns** **-The hotel industry grew with travel, as people needed places for shelter and food along the routes they travelled, whether by land, water or air. The Hotel Industry is, therefore, one of the oldest trade endeavors in the world. The first Inns go back to 3000 BC which were established for the people on the move spurred by the urge to travel.** **ADVENT OF HOTEL CHAINS** **-While the growth of motels was restricted to the North American continent, international chain operations spread into all continents.** **Tourist Cabins** **-First motels called tourist cabins were established in Western United States during the early 1900, when people began to travel by automobile and could not travel the long distances Between towns in one day.** **Coffee Houses** **-Early restaurants in England** **FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS** **-A fast Food restaurant is one that sells quick prepared meals. It is driven by standardized meals, décor and service. Fast-Food operations had a great impact on the food service industry. Fast Food operations date back to the 1920s and 1930s when A&W Root Beer and Howard Johnson's franchised some of their units.** **Railway Catering** **-Railway catering is a large and challenging food program. They may be classified into railway terminal catering and in-transit service. Catering at terminals consist of a range of facilities including take-away foods, fast food restaurants, waiter service restaurants, vending machines, self-service cafeterias, kiosks and mobile food trolleys where the food comes to the train window.** **INSTITUTIONAL CATERING** **-Institutional catering is a food program for volumes of people eating together at the same time, like in factories, business houses, hospitals, schools, etc. The origins of institutional catering are in factory meal programs. They have been perfected to serve other food programs. There are many institutional food service programs, but four are worth mentioning here, as they cater to the traveller.** **Airline Catering** **-Airline catering may be classified into Flight Catering and Airport Catering. Flight Catering is a specialized food program for passengers on board in planes. It has developed a long way from the sandwiches and flasks of coffee or tea to full dining service including drinks and wine and a choice of menus. Food is served in difficult conditions in narrow confines and especially when there is air turbulence** **Institutional Catering** ** Airline Catering** ** Ship Catering** ** Theme Parks and Resort** ** Railway Catering** **Pub Restaurant** **-Pubs opened to serve the local and travelling public. Independent restaurants make up a huge part of food service business and employment. An early type of restaurant was the Coffee House, which appeared in England in the mid-1600s. By the 18^th^ century, there were approximately 3000 coffee houses in London** **Airport Catering** **-- involves food outlets that are self service, waiter service, vending machines and licensed bars.** **Flight Catering** **-- a specialized food program for passenger on board planes** **Ellsworth M. Statler** **-In 1908, Ellsworth M. Statler saw the need for providing accommodation for a new segment -- the business traveller. He created the Statler Hotel in Buffalo, New York, built specifically for the commercial sector. It involved big investments, big profits and trained professionals to manage the business.**