(7) Female and male genital tract .pdf

Male And Female External Genitalia Dr.Abdullah Alagayli ’ Ovaries See_ ’ Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes or oviducts) ’ Uterus ’ Myometium F ’ Endometrium ’ Cervix ’ Placenta ’ Vagina 5 ’ External genitalia  Ovaries ’ The ova...

Male And Female External Genitalia Dr.Abdullah Alagayli ’ Ovaries See_ ’ Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes or oviducts) ’ Uterus ’ Myometium F ’ Endometrium ’ Cervix ’ Placenta ’ Vagina 5 ’ External genitalia  Ovaries ’ The ovaries, covered by germinal epithelium and divided e into cortex and medulla one egg everymonthuntil 400egg ’ The ovarian cortex is composed of ovarian test follicles in various stages of development f 0 1 ’ The ovarian medulla is a richly vascularized 7 fibroelastic connective tissue and hilus cells that secrete androgens fee If itincreaseinmalesitwillleadtosterility  Ovarian Follicles ’ Ovarian follicles evolve through four developmental stages: ’ Primordial follicles ’ Primary follicles ’ Secondary follicles ’ Graafian follicles  Primordial Follicles ’ bypetidergg Primordial follicles, composed of a single layer of flattened follicular cells that surround the primary Se ou oocyte, are separated from the ovarian stroma by a of STATE basement membrane. singlelayer flat  Primary Follicles tte f_gg duboidal cell ’ There are two types of primary follicles, unilaminar and multilaminar, depending on the number of layers of F follicular cells that surround the primary oocyte.1The sept oocyte separated from follicular cells by glycoprotein SITE layer called zona pellucida.  Crete ’ Multilamellar follicle: the oocyte surrounded by multiple F layers of follicular (granulosa) cells, which covered by stromal cells called theca folliculi. Multilamellar follicle: the oocyte surrounded by multiple layers of follicular (granulosa) cells secreted progestron and estrogen under (FSH), self lipids produce estrogen after menopausal, which covered by stromal cells called theca (androgens) under (LH) folliculi.  Secondary Follicle ’ Tessieded Secondary follicles are similar to primary follicles except for the presence of accumulations of liquor folliculi seats among the granulosa cells. Also the theca cells differentiate into theca interna and externa.  Graafianpeeee (Mature) Follicles T sfsfi ’ Graafian follicles, also known as mature follicles, may be as large as the entire ovary; it is these follicles that I E undergo ovulation  Ovulation ’ The process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the graafian follicle is known as ovulation.  Corpus Luteum ’ The corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of f the graafian follicle, is a temporary endocrine gland that manufactures and releases hormones Stre ts that support the uterine endometrium. Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes) ’ The oviducts act as a conduit for spermatozoa to reach the primary oocyte and to convey the tease fertilized egg to the uterus ’ The mucosa of oviduct is simple columnar epithelium partially ciliated and has two types of _e_ cells ’ 1- Columnar ciliated cell ’ 2- Peg cell (provide nutrition and protection for fifth the ovum and to activate the sperm.seeded free serosa  UTERUS ’ The uterus is a muscular organ consisting of a e fundus, body, and cervix composed ehh of an eedfs ’ The uterine wall of the body and the fundus is endometrium, myometrium, and f adventitia or serosa ’ The endometrium consists of two layers; 1- The superficial functional layer (shed during t. e menstruation) 2-The deeper basal layer ’ Basal layer not lost at menstruation, so it can provide the cells for regeneration of the mucosa after ’ The myometrium is composed of three smooth muscle layers; ’ Inner and outer longitudinal layers ’ Middle circular (stratum vascularis) which is highly vascular layer c ’ Increasing of the uterine size during the pregnancy s is related to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of uterine muscles F increaseinsize increaseincellesnumbers  CERVIX ’ Cervix is the terminal end of the uterus that protrude to the vagina ’ The upper cervix (endocervix) is lined by a simple columnar epithelium that contains mucous-secreting EI cells. In contrast, the lower cervix (ectocervix) is lined by a stratified squamous non epithelium ’ The cervical mucosa contains branched cervical glands e  vagina ’ Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinizing epithelium Line the vagina  Male external genitalia ’ The male external genitalia include ’ the penis, urethra, and scrotum. ’ The internal male genitalia include ’ the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands, and ejaculatory ducts.  Duct Of Epididymis lined with pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia which increase the apical surface area. functionabsorption Storage of spermatozoa.  Vas Deferens Section of the Vass deferens showing the mucosa formed ITS_ by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia and a lamina propria. Formed of smooth muscles The powerful peristaltic contraction of smooth muscles during ejaculation conveys spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct. 0  Ejaculatory Duct ’ Lined by folded simple columnar epithelium surrounded by C.T. ’ No muscle in its wall. ’ re The penis Surrounded by erectile tissue. The penis is covered by keratined stratified squamous epithelium not