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Questions and Answers

What type of cells surround the oocyte in a multilamellar follicle?

  • Follicular (granulosa) cells (correct)
  • Theca folliculi cells
  • Endometrial cells
  • Stromal cells

    • Which hormone stimulates the secretion of progestron and estrogen in multilamellar follicles?

  • Estrogen
  • LH
  • FSH (correct)
  • Progesterone

    • What is the characteristic feature of secondary follicles?

  • Presence of accumulations of liquor folliculi (correct)
  • Absence of theca cells
  • Presence of multiple layers of follicular cells
  • Presence of endometrial cells

    • What is the largest type of follicle in the ovary?

    <p>Graafian follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the graafian follicle?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the ovarian follicle that surrounds the primary oocyte?

    <p>Basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many eggs are released by the ovaries every month until a certain age?

    <p>One egg every month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed from the remnants of the graafian follicle after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hilus cells in the ovarian medulla?

    <p>To produce androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the corpus luteum?

    <p>To produce hormones that support the uterine endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells differentiate into theca interna and externa in secondary follicles?

    <p>Theca cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an increase in androgens in males?

    <p>Decreased fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four developmental stages of ovarian follicles?

    <p>Primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the ovarian cortex?

    <p>Ovarian follicles in various stages of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the zona pellucida?

    <p>To separate the oocyte from the follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers of follicular cells surround the primary oocyte in a multilaminar primary follicle?

    <p>Multiple layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the lower cervix?

    <p>Stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the epididymis?

    <p>Storage of spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is present in the vas deferens?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelium lining the vagina?

    <p>Stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelium lining the ejaculatory duct?

    <p>Folded simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium covers the penis?

    <p>Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the oviducts?

    <p>To act as a conduit for spermatozoa to reach the primary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the oviduct?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peg cells in the oviduct?

    <p>To provide nutrition and protection to the ovum and activate the sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

    <p>Endometrium, myometrium, and adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal layer of the endometrium?

    <p>To provide cells for regeneration of the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the middle circular layer of the myometrium?

    <p>It is highly vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change that occurs in the uterine muscles during pregnancy?

    <p>Hypertrophy and hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the upper cervix (endocervix)?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Female External Genitalia

    • Ovaries are covered by germinal epithelium and divided into cortex and medulla.
    • Ovarian cortex is composed of ovarian follicles in various stages of development.
    • Ovarian medulla is a richly vascularized fibroelastic connective tissue and hilus cells that secrete androgens.
    • If androgens increase in males, it will lead to sterility.

    Ovarian Follicles

    • Ovarian follicles evolve through four developmental stages: primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles.
    • Primordial follicles are composed of a single layer of flattened follicular cells that surround the primary oocyte.
    • Primary follicles have two types: unilaminar and multilaminar, depending on the number of layers of follicular cells that surround the primary oocyte.
    • Multilaminar follicle: the oocyte is surrounded by multiple layers of follicular (granulosa) cells, which secrete progestron and estrogen under FSH.

    Secondary Follicle

    • Secondary follicles are similar to primary follicles except for the presence of accumulations of liquor folliculi among the granulosa cells.
    • Theca cells differentiate into theca interna and externa.

    Graafian (Mature) Follicle

    • Graafian follicles, also known as mature follicles, may be as large as the entire ovary.
    • It is these follicles that undergo ovulation.

    Ovulation

    • The process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle is known as ovulation.
    • The corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of the Graafian follicle, is a temporary endocrine gland that manufactures and releases hormones that support the uterine endometrium.

    Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)

    • Oviducts act as a conduit for spermatozoa to reach the primary oocyte and to convey the fertilized egg to the uterus.
    • The mucosa of oviduct is simple columnar epithelium partially ciliated and has two types of cells: columnar ciliated cells and peg cells.

    Uterus

    • The uterus is a muscular organ consisting of a fundus, body, and cervix.
    • The uterine wall of the body and the fundus is composed of endometrium, myometrium, and adventitia or serosa.
    • The endometrium consists of two layers: the superficial functional layer (shed during menstruation) and the deeper basal layer.
    • The myometrium is composed of three smooth muscle layers: inner and outer longitudinal layers, and middle circular (stratum vascularis) which is a highly vascular layer.

    Cervix

    • Cervix is the terminal end of the uterus that protrudes to the vagina.
    • The upper cervix (endocervix) is lined by a simple columnar epithelium that contains mucous-secreting cells.
    • The lower cervix (ectocervix) is lined by a stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium.

    Vagina

    • Vagina is lined by a stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium.

    Male External Genitalia

    • The male external genitalia include the penis, urethra, and scrotum.
    • The internal male genitalia include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands, and ejaculatory ducts.

    Duct of Epididymis

    • Lined with pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia that increase the apical surface area for absorption and storage of spermatozoa.

    Vas Deferens

    • Formed of smooth muscles that contract during ejaculation to convey spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct.

    Ejaculatory Duct

    • Lined by folded simple columnar epithelium surrounded by connective tissue.
    • No muscle in its wall.

    The Penis

    • Surrounded by erectile tissue.
    • The penis is covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

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