Reproductive System Anatomy PDF

The Reproductive System in Female & Male Dr. Rasha Alshali Assistant Professor Anatomy Department, KAAU The Reproductive System in Female  Female Genital System The female genital system consists of: Primary sex organ:...

The Reproductive System in Female & Male Dr. Rasha Alshali Assistant Professor Anatomy Department, KAAU The Reproductive System in Female  Female Genital System The female genital system consists of: Primary sex organ: Ovaries. Accessory sex organs: Genital Ducts: - Fallopian Tubes. - Uterus. - Vagina. External genitalia (copulatory organ: vulva) Two mammary glands. Female Genital System Fallopian Uterus Tube Ovary Female Genital System Fallopian Tube Uterus Ovary  The Ovaries The ovary is a flattened almond-shaped small body, Located in ovarian fossa, on each side of pelvic wall. It has: - exocrine function (produce ova) & - endocrine function (secrete estrogen & progesterone) Inside the ovary, it is divided into: The peripheral cortex it is broad and contains the ovarian follicles The central medulla It is highly vascular, contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.  Female Genital Ducts Fallopian (uterine) Tubes, or Oviduct. Uterus. Vagina  Fallopian Tubes ▪ 2 tortuous tubes, 10 cm long. ▪ The Fallopian tube has 2 ends; One opens on the peritoneal cavity near the ovary, One opens into the uterine cavity. ▪ It consists of 4 parts: Infundibulum, funnel-shaped & has finger-like processes “Fimbriae”. Ampulla: the longest & widest part, site of fertilization. Isthmus: short & narrow part. Intramural part: embedded in the uterine wall. Intramural part Fallopian Tubes  The Uterus ▪ A pear-shaped thick muscular organ which lies in the pelvis between the rectum (posteriorly) and urinary bladder (anteriorly). ▪ It is formed of 4 parts: Fundus: dome-shaped part above the openings of ‘Fallopian tubes. Body: between the fundus & isthmus. Isthmus: a constriction between the body & cervix. Cervix: narrow part having supravaginal and vaginal parts. Fundus body isthmus Cervix  The uterine cavity is triangular in shape between the openings of ‘uterine tubes and ‘internal os of the cervix. The cervical canal: has upper end opens into the uterine cavity by ‘internal os. has lower end opens into the vagina by ‘external os. The wall of the uterus is formed of three layers: Perimetrium serous outer covering. Myometrium thick muscle layer. Endometrium mucous lining, which changes with ‘menstrual cycle. internal os Cervical canal external os  The Vagina It is fibromuscular tube between ‘cervix & ‘vestibule (external genitalia). Its upper part surrounds the protruding cervix forming 4 pouches (called anterior, posterior and 2 lateral fornices). the posterior fornix is the deepest one. Anterior view lateral view  The Vulva It is the external genitalia in female. It includes: - Mons pubis: contains fat, contains hair - Labia majora:2 longitudinal skin folds, contains hair - labia minora: 2 small thin folds, no hair - clitoris - vestibule: interval between labia minora, The vestibule encloses: - vaginal orifice - external urethral orifice - openings of paraurethral glands - openings of bartholin’s glands  Mammary Glands It is modified sweat gland specialized for milk production. It consists of lobes and lobules, separated by fibrous septa & fat tissue and covered by skin. Shape: it is conical or hemispherical. The nipple: a central projection. The areola: area of pigmented skin surrounding the nipple. Fibrous septa  Internal structure of the breast The mammary gland is formed of lobules assemble to form → 15-20 lobes. Each lobe drains into a lactiferous duct, which dilate to form → lactiferous sinus → opens on the nipple. Lobe The Reproductive System In Male  Male Genital System The male genital system consists of: Primary sex organ: Testis. Accessory sex organs: Genital Ducts. External genitalia (copulatory organ: penis) Accessory glands.  THE TESTIS It is the primary sex organ. It is oval in shape. Each testis is located in one compartment of the scrotum. It has: - exocrine function (produce sperms) - endocrine function (secrete testosterone) It has: - 2 poles: upper / lower - 2 borders: anterior / posterior - 2 surfaces: medial / lateral Coverings: (from inside to outside) - 3 capsules: tunica vasculosa, tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis. - 3 coats: Internal spermatic fascia, Cremasteric muscle & fascia External spermatic fascia.  Internal Structure of The Testis The Tunica albuginea is a fibrous coat which is thickened posteriorly to form the mediastinum testis → gives septa Septa divide the testis into compartments, each contains seminiferous tubules → drains into straight (tubuli recti) → open to form ‘rete testis → effernt ductules → enter the head of ‘epididymis.  Male Genital Ducts Tubuli recti. Rete testis. Efferent ductules. Epididymis (head, body & tail). Vas deferens (ductus deferens). Ejaculatory duct. Urethra. Tubuli recti  Epididymis It is a highly coiled tube that forms a coma-shaped structure. It is divided into parts: Head (upper) Body (middle) Tail (lower) The head receives ‘efferent ductules The tail opens into ‘vas deferens.  Vas Deferens A cord-like structure that begins from ‘tail of the epididymis and ascends behind the testis. It enters the pelvic cavity and pass behind the urinary bladder. Its terminal part dilates to form ‘ampulla The Vas then joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form → ejaculatory duct  The Ejaculatory Duct It is a narrow tube that passes inside the prostate and finally opens into the prostatic urethra. The Urethra It is a common pathway for urine & semen.  The Accessory Glands Seminal Vesicle Bulbo-urethral Gland Prostate  The Accessory Glands The Seminal Vesicle A paired gland behind ‘urinary bladder. Its duct joins the end of the vas deferens to form → ejaculatory duct. The Prostate It is the largest genital gland. located below ‘urinary bladder, The ducts of ‘gland open into ‘prostatic urethra. The Bulbo-Urethral Glands They are small glands lying on either side of the membranous urethra. They open into ‘penile urethra.  The Penis It is a highly vascular cylindrical organ composed of 3 masses of erectile tissue: - Two corpus cavernosum: lie dorsally surrounded together by capsule called tunica albuginea. - One corpus spongiosum: surrounded by tunica albuginea. It encloses the penile urethra. The penis has: - Root, formed of one bulb and two crura. - Shaft, covered by skin, superficial fascia. Thank you