General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide PDF

General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fttmkz 1. Goal of behaviorism To explain behavior in terms of responses to stimuli. 2. Ivan Pavlov's study...

General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fttmkz 1. Goal of behaviorism To explain behavior in terms of responses to stimuli. 2. Ivan Pavlov's study Classical conditioning. 3. Conditioned stimulus and condi- The tone is conditioned stimulus; the blink tioned response is conditioned response. 4. Conditioned stimulus and con- The noise is the conditioned stimulus; the ditioned response in an experi- blink is the conditioned response. ment 5. Conditioned response and un- Conditioned response is tensing muscles conditioned response with drill at the word fire; unconditioned response Sergeant is flinching. 6. Extinction of a conditioned re- Repeatedly present the conditioned stim- sponse ulus alone without the unconditioned stimulus. 7. Stimulus generalization in dogs Wag its tail when it sees someone similar to its master. 8. Example of generalization Someone who learns to avoid a poiso- nous mushroom also avoids a similar looking but harmless mushroom. 9. Fear of insects after bee sting Displaying generalization. 10. Discrimination in dogs A dog is conditioned to salivate when it hears 1 sound but not another. 11. Drug tolerance in classical con- Conditioned stimulus is injection proce- ditioning dure; unconditioned stimulus is the entry of the drug into the brain. 12. Conditioned response in drug The mobilization of the body's defenses tolerance against the drug. 13. 1/4  General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fttmkz Pavlov's belief about classical Conditioning is more rapid with intense conditioning conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus than with weaker ones. 14. Edward Thorndike's research To find a simple behavioristic explanation goal for learning. 15. Thorndike's conclusion about Learning is based on strengthening re- cats sponses, not on insights. 16. Thorndike's observation about Cats don't solve the problem by under- cats standing. 17. Thorndike's description of a re- The event that stamps in response and inforcer makes it more likely. 18. Law of effect Responses that are followed by satisfac- tion to the animal will be more firmly con- nected with the situation so that they will be more likely to recur in the future. 19. Meaning of the law of effect Responses followed by reinforcement be- come more probable. 20. Difference between classical In operant conditioning, the animal's be- and operant conditioning havior controls the outcomes. 21. Disequilibrium principle Any behavior that is performed less often than usual can become a reinforcer. 22. Secondary reinforcer Something that became reinforced by previous learning. 23. Skinner's conclusion about pun- Punishment does not weaken a response ishment if no other response is available. 24. Commonality of positive and They both strengthen a behavior. negative reinforcement 25. Reinforcing behavior by avoiding pain. 2/4  General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fttmkz Meaning of negative reinforce- ment 26. Extinction of a response in oper- Let the individual make the response, but ant conditioning provide no reinforcement. 27. Example of stimulus generaliza- You get a good grade by studying a cer- tion in operant conditioning tain way for your sociology class, so you study the same way for your psychology class. 28. Discriminative stimulus When your professor arrives and opens his notes, you stop talking to the person next to you and prepare to take notes. 29. Stimulus control The ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others. 30. Skinner's objection The use of mental terms in describing behavior. 31. Shaping in operant conditioning Reinforcing successive approximation to a desired behavior. 32. Chaining procedure A rat learns to climb a ladder to a platform where it can pull a string to raise the lad- der and then climb the ladder again. 33. Fixed ratio reinforcement You reward yourself with a snack every time you finish reading a chapter in your textbook. 34. Variable interval reinforcement A professor gives unannounced quizzes at unpredictable times. 35. Variable interval example An individual receives a reinforcement for the first response after some time period, but the amount of time changes. 36. Every correct response is reinforced. 3/4  General Psychology Exam #3 Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fttmkz Continuous reinforcement schedule 37. Longer cleaning behavior Susan will continue longer because she is reinforced on a variable schedule. 38. Shaping in Korean war Captured US soldiers were persuaded to cooperate with their captors one small step at a time, with reinforcements for each step. 39. Applied behavioral analysis Reinforce the approximation of the desir- able behaviors. 40. Exception to Pavlov and Skin- It is easier to associate nausea with food ner's rule than with anything else. 41. Coyote deterrence method Developing a taste aversion in the coy- otes to the sheep meat. 42. Rat's behavior after shock Avoid sweet tasting water and tubes with noises and lights. 43. Social learning approach A large percentage of what people do is based on imitation. 44. Social learning theory Emphasizes how much we learn through imitation. 45. Increasing self-efficacy Successful completion of tasks similar to the one you're considering. 46. Imitating behavior for reinforce- It will depend on whether or not you have ment a sense of self-efficacy. 4/4