Fall 2024 Assembly Midterm Exam - Coordinated General Psychology Program PDF

**Fall 2024 Assembly Midterm Exam** **Coordinated General Psychology Program** **Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ UFID \#: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Section \#: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Directions:** Each question on this exam is written in multiple-choice format. R...

**Fall 2024 Assembly Midterm Exam** **Coordinated General Psychology Program** **Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ UFID \#: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Section \#: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Directions:** Each question on this exam is written in multiple-choice format. Read each question carefully and select the response that [best] answers the question. For each question, please mark your answer on [both] the exam packet and the scantron sheet. 1. Leon and his friends predicted that the world would cease to exist on 2/2/22. When the world still existed on 2/3/22, Leon and his friends concluded that the world did, in fact, cease to exist, but that what they were experiencing was now a virtual simulation. This is an example of which phenomenon? a. Confirmation bias b. Naïve realism c. Belief perseverance d. Metaphysical claims 2. A recently published article found that the more time you spend on your phone before bed, the more likely you are to delay falling asleep. They also found that sharing a bed with a partner leads to a higher chance of sleep delay. At what *level(s) of analysis* does this article study sleep delay?  e. Social f. Behavioral g. Mental and social h. Behavioral and social 3. All of the following are reasons that we should be concerned about pseudoscience **EXCEPT**: i. There can be opportunity costs for pseudoscientific treatments. j. There can be psychological damage, physical damage, or even death as a result of pseudoscientific treatments. k. Pseudoscience may interfere with our ability to think scientifically as citizens in an increasingly complex world. l. Pseudoscience may cause our brain to lose patternicity in the ever-changing world. 4. Alyssa buys a dietary supplement after all of her friends begin using it, assuming that the supplement must be effective because of its popularity with her peers. In contrast, Jordan waits for research on the supplement to be published before making a decision about whether to take it. Alyssa's behavior demonstrates the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, while Jordan's behavior demonstrates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. m. bandwagon fallacy; scientific superstition n. bandwagon fallacy; scientific skepticism o. appeal to authority fallacy; scientific skepticism p. appeal to authority fallacy; scientific superstition 5. A therapist claims that Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is effective because it taps into invisible energy fields to relieve anxiety. What should be your critical approach in evaluating this claim?  q. Accept the claim if it works for some, but not all, people. r. Investigate whether there are alternative explanations, such as the therapeutic effect of repeated exposure to anxiety-provoking imagery. s. Assume the claim is valid since TFT is practiced by many mental health professionals.  t. Dismiss the claim entirely without further investigation. 6. Alesha's research examines how teenagers' problem-solving strategies and personal bias affect their behavior towards their academic peers. Alesha's research is most likely conducted from the perspective of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. u. functionalism, established by William James v. structuralism, established by E. B. Titchener w. cognitivism, established by Jean Piaget x. behaviorism, established by John Watson 7. Dr. Shiva conducts research on eyewitness testimony and jury decision making. Dr. Shiva is most likely a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. y. industrial-organizational psychologist z. forensic psychologist a. counseling psychologist b. developmental psychologist 8. Carlos is an experienced chess player who can quickly recognize patterns and make decisions in a flash during regular games. When playing in a high-stakes tournament, however, he takes more time to make each move, considering all possible outcomes. During tournament play, Carlos is engaging in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ thinking, which tends to be more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. c. System 1; intuitive d. System 1; analytical e. System 2; intuitive f. System 2; analytical 9. A research team wants to study how personality relates to aggressive behavior. Their study asks people to self-report their personality traits and how aggressively they would respond in different interpersonal situations. This is an example of a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ design. The research team should be aware of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a potential problem with self-report measures. g. correlational; social desirability h. experimental; the halo effect i. experimental; social desirability j. correlational; the horns effect 10. Correlational research indicates that viewing educational TV programs is negatively associated with aggressive behavior. Given this information, which of the following statements is the most accurate? k. The correlation coefficient of.68 reasonably represents the relationship as described above. l. Aggressive people, compared to less aggressive people, seek out educational TV programs more often. m. An increase in viewing educational TV programs is associated with a decrease in aggressive behavior. n. As the frequency of viewing educational TV program increases, aggressive behavior also increases. 11. Sujay testing out bathroom scales. When he steps on the RENPHO Smart Scale, it consistently displays a number that is five pounds greater than his true weight. When he steps on the Etekcity Digital Scale, it displays slightly different numbers each time -- none of which are his true weight.   What would you conclude about the reliability and validity of the RENPHO Smart Scale and the Etekcity Digital Scale?  o. Both scales are reliable and valid. p. Neither scale is reliable nor valid. q. The RENPHO Smart Scale is reliable but not valid; the Etekcity Digital Scale is neither reliable nor valid. r. The RENPHO Smart Scale is both reliable and valid; the Etekcity Digital Scale is reliable but not valid. 12. Talon conducts a study on grief, examining how the number of familial deaths a person experienced as a child influences their psychological growth following a familial death during adulthood. Talon hypothesizes that people who experienced more familial deaths as children will grieve in healthier ways as adults, ultimately contributing to more psychological growth. Identify the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) in this study.  s. IV: Length of time since last loss; DV: Psychological growth   t. IV: Psychological growth; DV: Number of familial deaths/losses  u. IV: Length of time since last loss; DV: Number of familial deaths/losses  v. IV: Number of familial deaths/losses; DV: Psychological growth  13. Vishnu is analyzing a dataset that has a small standard deviation. This implies that the variability of the data is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  w. equal to the range x. more tightly clustered y. spread out z. far from the mean 14. The Fair and Balanced Sunday Newspaper always makes sure to give equal media coverage to both sides of the climate change debate although there is no scientific controversy regarding this. By giving balanced coverage to both positions, this newspaper is creating the appearance of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  a. pseudosymmetry b. practical significance c. falsifiability d. replicability 15. Dr. Acuña wants to identify differences in brain composition between young and older adults. What type of neuroimaging should Dr. Acuña use?  e. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) f. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) g. Positron emission tomography (PET) h. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 16. Squeglia et al. (2013) studied the grey matter in brains of 185 children between 12-14 years old from San Diego, USA. Grey matter is made up of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses. They found that older children performed better on learning tasks compared to younger children, but older children also had less grey matter. What is most likely happening in these children's brains related to the decrease in grey matter? i. Synaptogenesis j. Pruning k. Myelination l. Neurogenesis 17. After suffering a stroke, Amir has difficulty understanding spoken language. He can still produce speech, but it often doesn\'t make sense. What part of Amir's brain was most likely affected by the stroke? m. Occipital lobe n. Cerebellum o. Wernicke's area p. Broca's area 18. Mitchell studies brain lateralization. He is likely to be interested in all of the following topics **EXCEPT**:  q. Speech comprehension r. Reading s. Facial perception t. Breathing regulation 19. While walking home from the movie late at night, Johann hears rattling in a tree nearby. Instantly, he feels his heart beat faster and his palms begin sweating. This suggests that his \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is jumping into action. u. central nervous system v. reticular activating system w. sympathetic nervous system x. parasympathetic nervous system 20. Which of the following hormones would be the **LEAST** helpful if you needed to quickly escape from an angry alligator by Lake Alice? y. Adrenaline z. Epinephrine a. Oxytocin b. Cortisol 21. Past research suggests that people's political orientation resembles that of their parents. Maria wants to know the extent to which this is due to genetics versus environmental influences. The best and most feasible approach to study this would be a(n):  c. Family study d. Adoption study  e. Naturalistic observation study  f. Experiment  22. During a nighttime hike, Ravi is using a flashlight to navigate a dark path. After turning the flashlight on, he slowly increases the brightness until light beam begins illuminating the trail ahead. The point at which Ravi detects a change in the flashlight's brightness represents a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. g. just noticeable difference (JND) h. false positive i. absolute threshold j. point of discrimination 23. Anthony and Wei were chatting loudly in the classroom but switched to whispering as soon as the lecture started; this involves \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. k. an increase in the amplitude of the sound waves l. a decrease in the amplitude of the sound waves m. an increase in the frequency of the sound waves n. a decrease in the frequency of the sound waves 24. Which of the following statements is **TRUE** about how we sense and perceive odors? o. When olfactory receptors encounter odor molecules, action potentials in papillae are triggered (sending information for the brain to interpret). p. When olfactory receptors contact odor molecules, action potentials in gustatory cortex are triggered (sending information for the brain to interpret). q. When odors interact with olfactory receptors, action potentials in the nasal passages are triggered (sending information to the somatosensory cortex for interpretation). r. When odors interact with olfactory receptors, action potentials in the nasal passages are triggered (sending information to the olfactory cortex and limbic system for interpretation). 25. After consuming four alcoholic beverages, Michael made several attempts to touch his nose with his index finger. Despite his best effort, Michael repeatedly missed his nose and touched his cheeks instead. Alcohol appears to have affected Michael's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. s. vestibular sense t. perceptual constancy u. semicircular canals v. proprioception 26. Fatima looks at an image of three puppies. Fatima can tell that two of the puppies are farther away, because one puppy appears to cover the body of the other two. Which monocular cue is Fatima relying on to perceive depth in the image? w. Relative size x. Interposition y. Linear perspective z. Texture gradient 27. Which of the following scenarios reflects the Gestalt Principle of *closure*? a. ***When Jean sees a giant green X on a piece of colored paper, she perceives one line across another line (rather than four smaller line segments joined together).*** b. A stranger stood next to Simon while waiting for the bus, and another bus passenger perceived that the stranger was Simon's friend. c. Tabatha is looking at an advertisement made up of various small dots and perceives them as a bottle of fragrance.  d. Mathias' friend shows him a drawing and asks Mathias if he can perceive both the old and young woman in the drawing. 28. Dwayne is skeptical about the effects of hypnosis because in his psychology class, he learned that sometimes people can feel pressured to do outlandish things. Abram, on the other hand, believes in the legitimacy of hypnosis because he heard from his best friend that hypnosis works.   According to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ theory, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ would be more susceptible to the effects of hypnosis.   e. neurocognitive, Dwayne  f. neurocognitive, Abram  g. sociocognitive, Dwayne  h. sociocognitive, Abram  29. Kwame is participating in a sleep research study. He goes into the sleep lab where researchers can monitor his sleep using EEG. The first reading the researchers receive from the EEG indicates that Kwame may be experiencing myoclonic jerks. Kwame is most likely in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sleep. This sleep stage is dominated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ waves. i. Stage 1; theta j. Stage 2; alpha k. Stage 3; delta l. Stage 4; beta 30. Claire frequently has a hard time sleeping. Her husband tends to snore loudly during the night, and her son sometimes screams and thrashes about during sleep (albeit for only a few minutes). Claire's husband may have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and her son may have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. m. sleep apnea, night terrors n. sleep apnea, sleepwalking o. narcolepsy, night terrors p. insomnia, narcolepsy 31. Jordan's company recently began to lay people off; consequently, Jordan worries a lot about his job security. At night, Jordan often dreams about being laid off and looking for jobs in another city. Which theory of dreaming best explains Jordan's dream? q. Activation-synthesis theory r. Dream protection theory s. Physiological dream theory t. Neurocognitive theory 32. Jenna (from New York, USA) reported a near-death experience that involved moving rapidly toward a white light. Ximena (from Guadalajara, Mexico) reported a near-death experience that involved floating calmly in a vast ocean. A *psychologist* is most likely to say that the discrepancy in their experiences is a product of:  u. Their physical locations at the time of the NDE  v. Cultural expectations  w. Making up the experiences  x. Dreaming (for Jenna) and being intoxicated (for Ximena) 33. Five years ago, Mr. K. began smoking 1-2 cigarettes each day to stay awake and feel fresh early in the morning. Now, Mr. K. needs to smoke 1-2 packs per day to achieve the same effect. Mr. K. has most likely developed a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to nicotine. y. psychological dependence z. increased tolerance a. decreased tolerance b. physical dependence 34. Aleksandr is addicted to a substance that leaves him feeling euphoric and allows him to forget all the troubles of his difficult job as an emergency nurse. However, it makes him incredibly sleepy. Aleksandr is most likely addicted to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. c. cocaine d. heroin e. LSD f. nicotine 35. Sanjay has a phobia of puppies. However, whenever he is cuddled, he feels happy. To help Sanjay overcome his phobia, his mom cuddles Sanjay each time he is shown the family's new puppy. After two months of doing this, Sanjay no longer has a phobia of puppies. Instead, he becomes very happy whenever he sees them. Sanjay's mom successfully established the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as the conditioned stimulus for the desired conditioned response of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  g. cuddling; feeling happy h. cuddling; feeling scared i. puppy; feeling scared j. puppy; feeling happy 36. Gabriel conditions Buster (his dog) to sit by the back door of Gabriel's apartment whenever Buster\'s leash is rattled. While at his parents' house one weekend, Gabriel notices that when his dad rattles a set of car keys, Buster goes and sits by the back door. Buster is displaying stimulus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. k. recovery l. generalization m. discrimination n. renewal 37. Vanessa enrolls in a sleep-assisted learning program to learn Spanish. Based on the textbook, which of the following is most likely to occur?  o. Vanessa will show increased learning, but the improvement is most likely a product of the placebo effect.  p. Vanessa will show improvements, but only for words presented in REM sleep.  q. Any improvement will most likely occur for Spanish words that Vanessa hears before she actually falls asleep.  r. Vanessa will only show improvements if the sleep-assisted program is taught using her specific learning style.  38. Victoria and Jessica sell life insurance policies by telephone. Victoria is paid \$10.00 for every 5 calls she makes, while Jessica is paid \$50.00 every Friday, irrespective of the exact number of calls made that week. Victoria is paid on a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ schedule while Jessica is paid on a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ schedule.  s. fixed ratio; variable ratio  t. fixed ratio; fixed interval  u. variable ratio; fixed ratio  v. fixed ratio; variable interval  39. Wasabi's Publix credit card allows her to accumulate points. With each purchase of \$100, she receives 5 points on her credit card. For every 300 points earned, she gets a \$5 reward certificate to put towards a future in-store purchase (like Gatorade). In this example, the Gatorade is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the credit cards points are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the rewards certificate is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  w. the primary reinforcer; a primary reinforcer; a secondary reinforcer x. the secondary reinforcer; a primary reinforcer; a secondary reinforcer y. the secondary reinforcer; a secondary reinforcer; a primary reinforcer z. **the primary reinforcer; a secondary reinforcer; a secondary reinforcer** 40. Evan claims that learning only happens through reward and punishment. Which of the following would **FALSIFY** Evan's claim? a. Students stop misbehaving in class so their teachers won't give them a time-out. b. Pets obey commands (e.g., to "sit" or "heel") to get a treat. c. Young children witness their older siblings cleaning up their toys, so they start putting away their own toys. d. Kids complete their assignments on time so their parents will give them fewer chores. 41. Meredith makes her special chocolate cake recipe every Christmas while her kids watch. When Meredith\'s kids get older, they can make the special chocolate cake on their own without any instruction. This reflects: e. Extinction burst f. Latent learning g. Insight learning h. Cognitive conditioning 42. According to the textbook, which of the following is **TRUE** regarding biological influences on learning? i. Studies on preparedness suggest we are inclined to fear some stimuli more than other stimuli as a product of human evolution and natural selection. j. Studies on instinctive drift suggest that innate biological influences are too trivial to be taken into account in reinforcement-based animal training. k. Studies show that conditioned taste aversions follow the principles of classical conditioning, such that acquisition requires short delays between stimulus pairing over multiple trials. l. Studies have shown that phobias are always acquired through one's personal negative experiences in the past. 43. Manny took three years of Chinese classes in high school. Now, he is taking a Korean class in college. When required to speak Korean in class, Manny frequently responds with Chinese words instead of Korean words. This mix-up is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. m. retrograde amnesia n. anterograde amnesia o. proactive interference p. retroactive interference 44. Mala works at a job that requires her to remember long stings of letters and numbers. She uses a strategy whereby she breaks down numbers and letters into separate meaningful groups to remember them better. Mala is engaging in: q. rehearsal r. chunking s. quartering t. recency effect 45. Alison is watching TV when a familiar and famous actor comes on the screen during a commercial break. Alison thinks for a while; she feels that she knows the actor's name, but ultimately cannot remember at that moment. Alison is experiencing the \_\_\_\_[        ] phenomenon, a failure in memory \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. u. specificity; encoding v. next-in-line; encoding w. tip-of-the-tongue; retrieval x. decay; retrieval 46. Frankie likes to drink coffee while studying for her written driver's license test. She notices she performs better on practice tests after having a cup of coffee (compared to not having coffee). This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ learning. y. context-dependent z. state-dependent a. mood-dependent b. substance-dependent 47. After a severe car accident, Alejandra was left unable to remember many details about her life prior to the accident. Alejandra is suffering from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. c. retrograde amnesia d. general amnesia e. anterograde amnesia f. cryptomnesia 48. Which of the following options is **NOT** an explanation for why children's memory becomes more advanced over the course of development? g. Children's memory span increases with age. h. Children's conceptual understanding increases with age. i. Over time, children develop enhanced meta-memory skills. j. Over time, children use more suggestive memory techniques. 49. Takumi has been playing guitar for several years and can now switch between chords with ease. It is likely that the neurons related to this task have benefited from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. k. long-term patternicity l. latent inhibition m. **long-term potentiation** n. latent activation 50. All of the following scenarios involve *implicit memory* **EXCEPT**: o. Mia's roommate Choi doesn't clean up after herself. Mia is greatly bothered by this for the first month of the semester, but not beyond that. p. Ms. Deans flashed the word "OCEAN" to her students, and later asked them to fill in two letters to complete a word that starts with S. Most of her students completed the word as "SEA" rather than other three-letter words starting with S, such as "SAW". q. Hector, a kindergartener, spelled "hurricane" without any errors yesterday in class. r. Delia can't verbally tell you her my.UFL password but has no problem typing it in on the keyboard. 51. Which scenario below does **NOT** *exemplify the concept of cognitive economy?* s. Josef meets his new roommate and notices that his side of the room has boxes strewn everywhere and trash on the floor. He concludes his new roommate is low in conscientiousness and disorganized. t. Ambady notices that her child likes to read and write a lot. She comments: "My child is going to be an author!" u. Sofia is on a date. She carefully listens to what her date says and deliberately thinks about how she should respond. v. After watching Shark Week on the Discovery Channel for 20 hours nonstop, George thinks he will be eaten by a shark if he goes swimming at Daytona Beach, even though there hasn't been a reported shark attack in this area for 70 years. 52. Immediately after watching a documentary about a fatal subway accident, Javier decides to never ever ride a subway to work. Javier's decision is based on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. w. hindsight bias x. the representativeness heuristic y. foresight bias z. the availability heuristic 53. Zara is playing poker and decides not to play the hand she was just dealt because she didn\'t like the cards. At the end of the round, she sees that her cards would have won all along and exclaims that she knew her cards would have won and that she should\'ve played. What phenomenon best explains Zara\'s reaction at the end of the round?   a. Confirmation bias  b. Base rate  c. Hindsight bias  d. Representative heuristic  54. Latasha and her 5-year-old daughter, Kami, are planting flowers. Kami needs a shovel but cannot find it. Latasha suggests she use a big spoon to dig, but Kami insists that only a shovel will work -- the spoon is for drinking soup! Kami is exhibiting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. e. problem solving f. similarity salience g. surface similarity h. **functional fixedness** 55. At the age of 73, Abrafi finds that learning to navigate her new computer is especially challenging; however, she is quick to respond to questions that require her to draw on the knowledge she\'s accumulated throughout her life. This is likely because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is thought to decrease with age, while \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases with age.  i. *g*; problem solving  j. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence  k. abstract thinking; framing  l. functional fixedness; convergent thinking  56. Dr. Joshi studies intelligence in adults. She asks her research participants complete eight different tasks, each of them corresponding to different types of intelligence such as logico-mathematical, physical/kinesthetic, and naturalistic intelligence among others. Dr. Joshi's research is aligned with the theory of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. m. fluid intelligence n. abstract intelligence o. multiple intelligences p. general intelligence 57. Josie tells her friend that people are generally more intelligent than their ancestors; this phenomenon is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Josie explains that this is partly a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ among other factors. q. Grisham Effect; improvement in test construction r. **Flynn Effect; increased educational opportunities** s. Grisham Effect; more complexity of the modern society t. Flynn Effect; increased gene mutation 58. Dr. Nevins studies the impact of genes versus the environment on intelligence. Which of the following research designs would be the **LEAST helpful** for disentangling the effects of these factors? u. She studies siblings who grow up in the same homes but are in different classrooms at school. v. She studies identical twins who are raised in different homes. w. She studies siblings who have been adopted into different homes. x. She studies fraternal twins who have been adopted into different homes. 59. All of the following are true about the distribution of IQ scores **EXCEPT**:  y. The distribution of IQ scores mostly follows a bell curve.  z. The mean and median of IQ scores in the general population are usually the same.  a. There are more people with extremely high scores than with extremely low scores.  b. The mean IQ of the population has increased over the past few decades.  60. Arturo is an older adult participating in a study about reaction time. Before he gets to the lab, a teenager rolls past him on his skateboard and yells, "Get out of my way, old man!" Arturo is alarmed by this encounter and can't stop thinking about it. As a result, he performs slower than he typically would during the study. Arturo's underperformance is most likely due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. c. stereotype threat d. confirmation bias e. test bias f. selection threat