Ancient Egyptian Art (DSN104) Lecture 1 Part 2 PDF

HISTORY OF ARTS ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART DSN104: Lecture 1 Part 2 Dr. Asmaa Soliman  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Dynasty 11 13 Known as “THE GOLDEN AGE” or “the Period of Reunification” Reunified under: king Mentuhotep II bringing peace and...

HISTORY OF ARTS ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART DSN104: Lecture 1 Part 2 Dr. Asmaa Soliman  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Dynasty 11 13 Known as “THE GOLDEN AGE” or “the Period of Reunification” Reunified under: king Mentuhotep II bringing peace and Stability to Egypt after a time of division.  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Sculpture ,Painting Relief and Ornament. 1- Sculpture Statues of SENUSRET III https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1077/a-brief-history-of-egyptian-art/ in the British Museum  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Shift Toward Naturalism and Individualism : - Focus on individual characteristics. - Example: Statue of Senusret III from Dahshur SENUSRET III Era (1878 -1839 BC) 12th Dynasty  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Greater Emotional Expression: - Focus on expressive faces and body language Statue of the Overseer of Stonemasons Senbebu and Family -Middle Kingdoms - 1981–1802 B.C. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544181  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Colossal Seated Statue of a Pharaoh - Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Middle Kingdom - ca. 1919–1878 B.C. Sculpture - Balance Between Architecture and Sculpture: - Focus on Less Large structures compared to Old/New Kingdoms. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/590699  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in GUARDIAN FIGURE Era: (1919 1885 B.C.) DYNASTY 12 Sculpture - Materials Introduced: - (Bronze and Wood) - Focus on these materials being flexible and allowing for more lively and expressive designs. - Example: Guardian Figure (wooden) https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/543864  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Face of Senusret III - Middle Kingdom ca. 1878–1840 B.C.. Sculpture - Belief in Life Force of Statues : They believe in statues' life power, So they believe that if a statue's nose is broken, it stops breathing and will not return to life in the afterlife. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544184  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Painting and Relief - Diverse Subjects: - Focus on Daily life, historical events, and different stories. - Example: Painted reliefs from the Tomb of Beni Hasan Beni Hassan Tombs Egypt | Cemetery of Beni Hasan. https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/14/beni-hasan/  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Painting and Relief - Painting and Relief - In art the focus always to be on the here and- now. - On the afterlife shown with earthly pleasures (eating, drinking) highlights the beliefs and values of ancient cultures. - Example: Painted reliefs from the Tomb of Beni Hasan Beni Hassan Tombs Egypt https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/14/beni-hasan/  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2030 –1650 B.C.) Characteristics of Middle Kingdom Art in Ornament (Jewelry) - Refined Jewelry: - Focus on some of the finest pieces in Egyptian history. - Symbolism: - Example: Pectorals (e.g., worn by Senusret II) symbolized royal concepts and legends. Pectoral of Senusret II Era: (c. 1897 1878 BCE) Middle Kingdom Egypt https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544232 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Dynasty 18 20 Referred to as the " Egyptian Empire " and Peak of Egypt’s Power and Prosperity.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture The art of Sculpture in the New Kingdom took several directions The Idealistic school The Realistic school (Old kingdom) (Middle kingdom)  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Realism Over Idealism : - Focus on: - More life like poses and dynamic Seated Statue of compositions. Hatshepsut -New Kingdom ca. 1479–1458 B.C. - Figures engaged in activities like hunting and battle. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544450  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Influence of Foreign Styles: - Focus on: Incorporation of Hyksos and Nubian elements. - Increased Use of Color: - Focus on: - Polychrome to add richness and realism. Granodiorite head of a sphinx of the - Monumental statuary typically dark brown. Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep II. From the cachette of Karnak temples, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, 1420 BCE. (State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich, Germany). https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3409/head-of-amenhotep-ii/  Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Materials Used: - Focus on: Alabaster, Sandstone, Granite , Limestone. Alabaster Sandstone Limestone Granite  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Schools of Sculpture: - Idealistic School: Example: Statue of Amun. Characteristics: Eternal youth, majesty. - Realistic School: - Example: Statue of Akhenaten. - Characteristics: Non-idealized features, expressive nature. Statue of Akhenaten Statuette of AmunThird The Egyptian Museum Intermediate Period in Egypt ca. 945–712 B.C https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544874 https://egypt-museum.com/colossal-statue-of-akhenaten/  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Notable Sculptures: - Akhenaten: - Elongated face, large head, slender neck, full belly. Statue of Akhenaten The Egyptian Museum in Egypt https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3409/head-of-amenhotep-ii/  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Notable Sculptures: - Tutankhamun’s Mask: - Gold with semi-precious stone inlays. - Combines idealism with expressive, calm features. TUTANKHAMUN Era: late Dynasty 18th (1332 BCE) https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3409/head-of-amenhotep-ii/  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Notable Sculptures: - Ramses II: - Huge statues (e.g., Abu Simbel) integrated into architecture. RAMSES II HUGE STATUES  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Sculpture - Notable Sculptures: - Statues of Memnon : - Large blocks with strong lines, - focused on front view. Statues of MEMNON (1386-1353 BCE) at Luxor, Egypt https://www.worldhistory.org/image/6738/the-colossi-of-memnon/  Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Painting and Relief - Amarna Period Art (14th Century B.C.): - Characteristics: - Soft lines, attention to face and body together. - Calm and smiling facial expressions. Akhenaten Daughters - More realistic and detailed representations of daily life. - Styles: - Increased decorative details in crowns and jewelry. - Natural movements in dancers and musicians. the young dancers and the musicians in loose clothes crowns or jewelry of and many jewelers men and women https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3409/head-of-amenhotep-ii/ with natural movements.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Painting and Relief - Example : Nebamun - Paintings show desired afterlife experiences. - Scenes include hunting, boating with family, enjoying nature. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3409/head-of-amenhotep-ii/ NEBAMUN Scribe and counter of grain  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Engraving - Sunken Relief: - Common in Amarna and later periods. - Pharaohs shown with family, rays of the sun Aton. - We can see the curve lines in their bodies.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Engraving - Subjects: - Temples: War victories celebrated by the common people were often connected to religious themes and religious leader rituals held in holy rooms.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Engraving - Subjects: - Cemeteries: - Daily life and achievements of tomb owners. - Funeral ceremonies in burial rooms.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Engraving - Subjects: - Symbolic Representations : - Example: King Thutmose III holding enemy heads. King Thutmose III is represented on the walls of KernakTemple  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Engraving King RAMSES II Dynasty – 18, 1260 BC. BATTLE OF KADESH - Example : - In the New Kingdom, art often showed Egypt’s military power and growth. - One example is a picture of King Ramses II winning the Battle of Kadesh in 1260 BC, which is carved on the walls of his temple in Thebes.  THE NEW KINGDOM (1570 –1544 B.C.) Characteristics of New Kingdom Art in Ornament (Jewelry) - Refined and Decorative : - Enhanced details in crowns and jewelry. - Symbolic representations related to royalty and power. Pendant (Wedjateye) from the tomb of Tutankhamun  References: 1- https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1077/a-brief-history-of-egyptian-art/ 2- https://egyptianmarblegranite.com/natural-stones/egyptian-alabaster/ 3- https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap/ancient-egyptap/a/egyptian-art 4- https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1077/a-brief-history-of-egyptian-art/ 5- https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/543864 6- https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544232 THANK YOU