Prelim 2 History of Art PDF

ART HISTORY  Art in Early Civilizations Stone Age is a term used to describe a period in history when stones were used to make tools for survival. Though prehistoric humans would not necessarily possess the complex rational capabilities to tell their story through written records and accounts, so...

ART HISTORY  Art in Early Civilizations Stone Age is a term used to describe a period in history when stones were used to make tools for survival. Though prehistoric humans would not necessarily possess the complex rational capabilities to tell their story through written records and accounts, some artifacts in the form of cave paintings and sculptures would serve as the “storytellers.” Three Periods of the Stone Age ❖Paleolithic-the late years of the Old Stone Age ❖Mesolithic-Middle Sone Age ❖Neolithic-New Stone Age The unearthing of archeological artifacts and remains provides modern society a glimpse of the beliefs, practices, and activities of early civilizations. Most ancient artworks depict religious symbols, a wide array of organisms from nature and activities of everyday life. Prehistoric Art Archeological explorations reveal that there has been a gradual shift from a nomadic lifestyle of early humans to that of permanent settlements, paving the way for the rise of early civilizations. Paleolithic Art is a product of early humans climate change. As the climate got colder, part of the early humans’ instinct is to look for shelters that would provide them with warmth. Caves became protective havens for the early humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of their first attempt to create art. Cave painting, Hall of Bulls Lascaux, France c15,000 BCE Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs The rock art is a collection of 127 human and animal-like stick figures appeared to be of a lizard and frog engraved on a cave wall. Also found were fragmented bits of earthenware, and stone tools. The artifacts suggest a date prior to the introductions of metal in the country which is late Neolithic age or around at least millennium years before the birth oif Christ. The average age of the petroglyphs is 3000 BCE. Carlos “Botong” Francisco accidentally discovered the rock art. Neolithic Art Neolithic Art has developed especially when life for the early humans has become more stable. They have learned to cultivate the land and domesticate animals. By 4000 BCE, there were several monuments and architectural structures erected. Stonehenge, Southern England Ancient Egyptian Art During the old kingdom, one of the architectural wonders was the pyramids in Giza that served as tombs for the pharaohs. These pyramids are massive in size and were constructed using roughly more than two million limestone blocks. The inside of the pyramids would celebrate the life of their pharaoh by lavishly decorating them. Ancient Egyptian Art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 31st century BCE and the 4th century ACE. In includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It is also very conservative: the art style changed very little over time. Classical Greek Art Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation. The development of Greek art can be divided into four periods: 1. Geometric Period - a time when Greece was starting to get back from the onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Ages. It was a period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the spotlight in most of the artworks. Proto-Geometric Geometric krater: Geometric amphora: Proto-Geometric krater. From the Dipylon Cemetery, amphora, c. 975–950 BCE. Athens, Greece, c. 740 BCE. 2. Archaic Period – placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations. The Archaic period covered roughly a time span from the 7th to the 6th century BCE (700-500 BCE). During this period, Greek art became less rigidly stylized and more naturalistic. Paintings on vases evolved from geometric to representations of human figures. 3. Classical Period – the peak of Greek sculpture and architecture. It was during this time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating artworks. It was an era of war and conflict-first between the Persians, then between the Athenians and the Spartans. Discuss Thrower by Myron (c. 450 BCE) Classical Greek Art – Acropolis of Athens 4. Hellenistic Period – the time of Alexander the great. During this time, art was primarily focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality. Hellenistic sculptures started to emphasized balance while showcasing dynamic poses and a number of emotions evoked by the subjects. Laocoon and his sons Venus de Milo Ancient Rome – Roman civilization was a period when the Greek culture’s influence has reached its peak in the Mediterranean. The Romans were fond of the Greek and their achievements in the arts. The fusion of Greek and Roman cultures can be seen in most Roman works. They also invoked the principles of realism in most of their works, highlighting the features of human beings. The art of Ancient Rome and its Empire includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to be minor forms of Roman art. Alexander the Great, Mosaic Roman Colosseum Byzantine Art Byzantine art comprises the body of Christian Greek artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire during the middle ages. Byzantine art is famous for its religious imagery, particularly paintings of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints. Mosaic of Jesus Christ (13th century), found in The Virgin Orans, Oranta, Saint Sophia the church of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. Cathedral, Kyiv, Ukraine Gothic Art A style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century. It spread to all of Western Europe, and much of Southern and Central Europe. The architectural style’s definitive feature is the pointed arch, while the definitive feature of Gothic painting and sculpture is naturalism. Chartres Cathedral Early Renaissance (c. 1300-1500) The Renaissance was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. Giotto: Lamentation (‘School of Athens‘, 1511) by Raphael Northern Renaissance (c. 1400-1500) The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the alps. From the last years of the 15th century, its Renaissance spread around Europe. Hieronymus Bosch The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1490-1500 High Renaissance (c. 1490-1527) In art history, the High Renaissance is a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Creation of Adam (c. 1511) by Michelangelo Mona Lisa (or La Gioconda, 1503- Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian 1505) by Leonardo da Vinci Man (c. 1492) Mannerism(c. 1520-1600) Mannerism, also known as late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Parmigianino, Madonna of the Raphael, Madonna of the Meadow, 1505–06 Long Neck, 1530–33 Baroque (c. 1600-1750) The Baroque is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s.  The Peasant Lawyer (c. 1620) by Pieter Brueghel the Younger Boy with a Basket of Fruit (1593) by Michelangelo Caravaggio Dutch Golden Age (c. 1620-1700) A period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the era from 1581 to 1672, in which Dutch trade, science, and art and the Dutch military were among the most acclaimed in the world. The first section is characterized by the Eighty Years’ War which ended in 1648. Girl with a Pearl Earring, Johannes Bathsheba at Her Bath, Rembrandt Vermeer, c. 1665 van Rijn, 1654 Rococo (c. 1700-1800) Less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling cureves, gliding, white and pastel colors, sculpted molding, and trompe l’oeil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama. Portrait of Louis XV by Maurice- Progress of Love: Love letters by Quentin de la Tour, 1748 Jean-Honoré Fragonard Neo-Classicism (c. 1750-1850) A western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theater, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Romanticists have highlighted heroic elements into their work. Nicolas Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1637–38 1784 Romanticism (c. 1800-1880) Romanticism was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was its peak in the approximate period of 1800 to 1890.  Goethe in the Roman Campagna by Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, Delacroix, 1830; 1787 UKIYO-e (c. 17th-20th centuries) A genre of Japanese art which flourished from the 17th to 19th centuries. Its artists produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as female beauties; kabuki actors and sumo wrestlers, scenes from history and folk tales; travel scenes and landscapes; flora and fauna; and erotica. Under the Great Wave of Kanagawa by View of Maruyama in Nagasaki Katsushika Hokusai, 1830 by Utagawa Hiroshige II Pre-Raphaelites (1848-1853) The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti.  Ophelia, by Sir John Everett Millais Lady Lilith, by Dante Gabriel Rossetti Art Nouveaus (1890-1905) An international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, known in different languages by different names: Jugendstil in German, Stile Liberty in Italian, Modernismo catalán in Spanish, etc. In English it is also known as the Modern Style.  Gustav Klimt Sea Shell Head Piece The Kiss by Gustav Klimt African Mermaid Futurism An early 2oth century art movement that started in Italy, which highlighted the speed energy dynamism, and power of machines. In addition, common themes for works in this movement are restlessness and the fast- pace of modern life. It emphasized dynamism, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as car, airplane, and the industrial city. Antonio Sant’Elia, one of the sketches for Aeroportrait of Mussolini the Aviator by The New City project, 1914 Alfredo Ambrosi, 1930 Assignment Research on the Biography of two artists from the Renaissance. Include their picture and some of their masterpieces. Print your output on a short bond paper. Activity 1. Fill an Oslo paper with different colors using crayons. After coloring the entire Oslo paper with different colors, cover the entire paper with black crayons making sure no colors will be seen but black only. 2. Using any pointed object, use it to draw images that will showcase our present way of life anticipating that people from the future will see your artwork.