Workplace OHS Hazards and Controls PDF

Chapter 2. Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Aristotle C. Chico, MBA Facilitator Presentation Outline 1. Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety; 2. Occupational Health and Safety Law in the Philippines; 3. Occupational Health and Sa...

Chapter 2. Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Aristotle C. Chico, MBA Facilitator Presentation Outline 1. Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety; 2. Occupational Health and Safety Law in the Philippines; 3. Occupational Health and Safety Management System; and 4. Workplace hazards and their controls. OSH Guidelines for Hospitality/ Tourism Industry  Workplace Hazards and their Control What are the most common workplace hazards? There are many types of workplace hazards, which tend to come under four main categories:  Workplace Hazards and their Control Injuries and diseases in the workplace occur due to unsafe acts and conditions. 1. UNSAFE ACTS occur when employees do not conform or depart from an established standard, rules or policy. 2. UNSAFE CONDITIONS are the physical or chemical properties of a material, machine or the environment which could possibly cause injury to people, damage to property, disrupt operations or other forms of losses. Hierarchy of Controls  Workplace Hazards and their Control After identifying potential hazards: Assess the risks to workers Eliminate or minimize the risks Educate and train workers in safe work practices and procedures.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Cuts Use knives with care Use machineries with care  Workplace Hazards and their Control Use Knives with care Use the right knife for the job. Always use a proper cutting board. Make sure the knife is sharp. Store knives in proper racks with the blade pointing down in a visible place. Cut away from your body when cutting, trimming or de- boning. Use protective gear such as mesh gloves. Wash and clean sharp tools separately from other utensils.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Use Machinery with care Do not wear loose or frayed clothing or jewelry that could get caught between moving parts. Ensure that safety guards are in place before operating any machinery. Follow the operating instructions from the manufacturer or supplier. Do not try to reach into any moving parts of the machinery with your fingers. Use a pusher/tool to avoid contact. Make sure equipment's are switched off prior to cleaning. Workplace Hazards and their Control Struck Against/By Objects Prevent being Struck Ensure goods and materials are stacked properly. Make use of the appropriate personal protective equipment. Do not rush through swing doors, especially with trolleys. Workplace Hazards and their Control Burns and Scalds Handle Hot Items with Care Organize your work area to prevent contact with flames and hot objects. Don’t reach across hot surfaces. Keep the floors clear. Use gloves for handling hot objects. Ensure safe temperature levels for hot liquid like oil or boiling water. Ensure that the handles of pots and pans do not stick out from the counter or stove. Do not open cookers and steam ovens that are still pressurized. Open lids towards the direction away from you. Open hot water and hot liquid faucets slowly to avoid Workplace Hazards and their Control Preventing Slips, Trips and Avoid creating Falls obstacles in work areas and floors. Keep floors and stairs dry and clean. Wear footwear appropriate to the type of floor surface like non-slip working shoes or make use of anti-slip flooring. Ensure carpets and rugs are free of holes and loose edges. Create and maintain proper lighting. Hang power cords over aisles or work areas to prevent tripping accidents. Ensure elevated platforms are guarded against the fall of persons. Provide alternatives like safety harnesses Workplace Hazards and their Control Safe use of ladders Three-point Inspect the ladder before and after each use. contact Do not use defective ladders (e.g. broken or missing rungs, loose hinges, or missing screws or bolts) Set ladders on a stable and level surface using slip- resistant heels or have someone hold the ladder. Maintain three points of contact when using ladders. This means two feet and one hand or two hands and one foot are always in contact with the ladder. Workplace Hazards and their Control Safe use of ladders Three-point contact Face the ladder when standing on it and when climbing up or down, gripping two sides with both hands to maintain a three-point contact. Stay within the side rails. Do not stretch the body to reach spots on either side of the ladder. Move the ladder to the preferred position instead. Use barricades and warning signs to keep vehicle and foot traffic away from ladders.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Preventing Noise Hazards Some Noise Control solutions Replace noisy machinery. Keep sources of noise away from hard walls or corners. Isolate or enclose sources of noise. Construct suitable noise barriers. Line interior surfaces with sound absorbing materials. Maintain machinery and equipment at regular  Workplace Hazards and their Control Preventing Noise Hazards DURATION/DAY (HRS) SOUND LEVEL (DB) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1½ 102 1 105 ½ 110 ¼ or less 115  Workplace Hazards and their Control Extreme Temperature Avoid suffering a Heat Related illness  Wear appropriate clothing.  Drink water and rest in a cool area  Improve the ventilation in the workplace.  Be aware of emergency first aid procedures associated with heat related illnesses.  Report any damaged plugs wires, electrical equipment.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Electrocution  Report any damaged plugs, wires, electrical equipment.  Ensure faulty equipment is taken out of use until repaired (label as faulty or. remove the plug to prevent use).  Keep power cords away from heat, water and oil.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Electrocution Handle Electrical Appliances with Care Do not clean electrical equipment with flammable or toxic solvents. Do not overload electrical points. Pull the electrical plug, not the cord. Establish a set of lockout-tagout procedures for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment. Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion LPG/Gas Safety Know where the gas shut off valve is and how to WALK, NOT RUN, TO EXITS use it. It should be located in a safe area (away Staff must not go to lockers to get personal from heat) with proper signage. belongings Store all cylinders (full or empty) in an upright position externally in a secure well-ventilated area. Do not store below ground level, or adjacent to openings of buildings or drains. In rooms where LPG appliances are used, ensure plenty of high and low level ventilation and provide a readily accessible isolation point to switch off the supply quickly in case of an emergency. Turn off cylinder valves at the end of each working Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion LPG/Gas Safety WALK, NOT RUN, TO EXITS Staff must not go to Keep storage areas clear of lockers to get personal belongings combustible materials and ignition sources and clearly mark with warning such as no smoking and fire procedure signs. Provide and maintain suitable fire fighting equipment, e.g. dry powder extinguishers, and ensure it is readily accessible Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion In case of fire: Do not panic. Be calm, but act quickly. WALK, NOT RUN, TO Know the types of fire extinguishers and how to EXITS Staff must not go to use them. lockers to get personal belongings Take note of the location of the fire extinguishers and alarms. If the fire is small and localized, put it out with a fire extinguisher. If the fire is large, don’t risk your safety. Don’t attempt to fight it with a fire extinguisher. Sound the alarm to inform other staff and customers. Make sure that people are leaving the building. Do not allow anyone to go back into the  Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion Fire Extinguishers - Types & Usage Fire extinguishers are designed to put out small fires, not large ones. Extinguishers are labeled A, B, C, D, and K. A combination of these letters to indicate what type of fire it can be used Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion Fire Extinguishers - Types & Usage  Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion Fire Extinguishers - Types & Usage Fire extinguishers must be recharged/ refilled professionally after any use. A partially used one is as good as an empty one. Fire extinguishers are to be serviced and checked semi-annually by an authorized agent. Extinguishers should be installed away from potential fire hazards and near an  Workplace Hazards and their Control Fire and Explosion How to Use a Fire 1 2 Extinguisher 3 4  Workplace Hazards and their Control Chemical Hazards Safe work practices when working with Hazardous Chemicals: Make sure every chemical has a Material Safety Data Sheet and all containers are properly labeled. Always follow instructions and information in the use of cleaning chemicals.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Chemical Hazards Safe work practices when working with Hazardous Chemicals: When handling substances, especially concentrates (if unavoidable), always wear PPE, e.g. rubber gloves. If there is any danger of splashing, wear eye protection suitable for splash risks, e.g. goggles or visors. Ensure that rubber gloves are free from holes, tears or thin patches. If any of these faults are present ask for  Workplace Hazards and their Control Chemical Hazards Safe work practices when working with Hazardous Chemicals: Never mix cleaning chemicals. When diluting always add the concentrated liquid to water, not the water to the concentrate. If cleaning chemicals are accidentally splashed onto your skin or eyes, flush the infected area with running water. Seek medical advice if irritation persists  Workplace Hazards and their Control Chemical Hazards Safe work practices when working with Hazardous Chemicals: If you are dispensing powders, always use a scoop; never use your hand. Open windows or air vents for A suitable fume mask and goggles may also be required depending on manufacturer’s instruction. Always store chemicals as manufacturers advise, for example away from heat, sunlight, foodstuffs  Workplace Hazards and their Control Chemical Hazards Safe work practices when working with Hazardous Chemicals: Check chemical containers regularly for damage or leakage. Ensure chemicals are disposed of properly by following the instructions given in the safety data Workplace Hazards and their Control Biological Hazards Preventing exposure to HIV/AIDS, and Hepatitis B and C Wash your hands frequently. Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use tongs or pliers or a broom and dustpan to pick up the glass. Place the broken glass in a separate and secure container. Don’t compress garbage or reach into garbage containers with your bare hands. Remove the contents by lifting out the bag or liner. Hold garbage bags away from the body. Workplace Hazards and their Control Biological Hazards Preventing exposure to HIV/AIDS, and Hepatitis B and C Contaminated laundry should be appropriately identified. Always wear rubber or latex gloves when handling used linen or cleaning the bathroom. For protection from blood spatters or splashes into the eyes or mouth eye and face protection should be worn. Always discard the gloves after use or after a contamination incident. Remove gloves in a way that prevents your unprotected skin from contacting the outside, or contaminated portion of the gloves. After Workplace Hazards and their Control Biological Hazards Preventing exposure to HIV/AIDS, and Hepatitis B and C If the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth are affected, flush with lots of clean water at a sink or eyewash station. If there is a wound, allow it to bleed freely. Then wash the area thoroughly with non-abrasive soap and water. If an area of non-intact skin is affected, wash the area thoroughly with non-abrasive soap and water. Workplace Hazards and their Control Workplace Violence Dealing with Irate Customers Avoid escalating the situation. Remain calm and polite, and try to calm the other person. Once you think the customer has remained his calm, you can ask polite questions to gather more information on the incident. This will help you resolve the problem better and effectively. If you cannot calm the person, ask for help. Work towards the best potential solution to the customer’s problem. If resolving the problem is not in your scope of powers, escalate the issue to the appropriate colleague who can handle it.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses Musculoskeletal injuries are injuries and disorders that affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e.. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, etc.). Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses A. Awkward Postures Use tools that will allow you to work in neutral postures. Don’t overstretch yourself. Reach only as high as is comfortable for you.. Use height-adjustable workbenches and chairs. Avoid bending over by using lift devices to hold items at waist-height. Use step stools or ladders to avoid reaching overhead. Use long-handled tools to decrease reaching and Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses A. Awkward Postures Perform work at the proper heights: Above the elbows with elbow support for precision work such as cleaning or sorting. At the elbows for light. work such as peeling and cutting vegetables. Between the waist and elbows for heavy work demanding downward forces such as cutting or slicing meat. Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses A. Awkward Postures When awkward postures cannot be avoided: Take regular breaks Perform a variety.of jobs to change postures Complete forceful actions closer to neutral posture Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses A. Awkward Postures Avoid Awkward Sitting Positions Avoid bending forward and to the sides. Do not slouch. Make sure the.height of your chair is just right. Avoid chairs that are too high or too low. Ensure proper height for your work table. Do not work with shoulders and arms raised to prevent neck and shoulder pain.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses B. Manual Handling Preventing injuries from Manual Handling Assess the weight. Make sure you can lift the load without over- exertion. Do not lift objects beyond your physical strength. Get help.. Use mechanical aids such as trolleys, pushcarts, hoists or conveyors if available. Push rather than pull. Use the muscle power of the legs, not the back when lifting. Prepare for the the object lift by warming Stand over and bendup theknees. your muscles. Use a wide stance to gain balance.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses B. Manual Handling Keep the load as close to the body as possible. Keep your back comfortably straight. Hold the object securely and check for slipping. Make sure you can see over the object while carrying it. Avoid sudden movements or jerking. Avoid twisting and bending to the side while lifting. Do not bend over when setting a load down.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses B. Manual Handling Keep the load as close to the body as possible. Small steps are best when walking with a load. Don’t store heavy items in small, confined areas where the worker may not be able to use proper lifting techniques. Wear proper gloves or other personal protective equipment when handling objects with sharp edges, or objects that are very hot or cold. Wear safety shoes to protect your feet.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses C. Prolonged Standing Most jobs in the hotel involve standing work for many hours. Standing for a long period of time can contribute to aches and pain in the lower limb.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses C. Prolonged Standing Preventing disorders from Prolonged Standing Use foot rails or footrests to be able to shift body weight from one leg to the other to reduce stress on your back and legs. Change working positions frequently. Controls and tools should be positioned so the worker can reach them easily without twisting or bending. Avoid overreaching.  Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses C. Prolonged Standing Preventing disorders from Prolonged Standing Wear shoes with well-cushioned insteps and soles to relieve the stress on your knees and back. Wear shoes that allow your toes to move freely. DO NOT wear shoes with heels higher than 5 cm (2 inches). Workplace Hazards and their Control Ergonomic Stresses D. Repetitive Movements Preventing disorders from Repetitive Movements Position hand and wrist comfortably. Reduce repetition as much as possible by pacing your work at a comfortable rate. Vary your tasks and take a few minutes to do something that uses different muscles. Use ergonomically designed tools. Maintain tools in good working condition to avoid the need to exert excessive force. Take “micro pauses”. Let muscles rest by pausing for 5 to 10 seconds.  References OSH Guidelines for Hotel Industry. Occupational Health and Safety Center. Retrieved from http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/OSH-for- Hotel.pdf Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines. International Labor Organization. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/ documents/instructionalmaterial/wcms_159248.pdf Key Points of RA 11058 “An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof” and its IRR (D.O. 198-18). Bureau of Working Conditions, Department of Labor and Employment. Retrieved from http://bwc.dole.gov.ph/images/Buttons/Newbuttons/OSHUpdates/KeyPoi nts_DO198s18.pdf www.youtube.com