21st Century Literature PDF

**LESSON 1 - LITERARY CONTENT** **NCTE** defines to be literate is to possess a wide range of abilities and competencies. Literacies are multiple, dynamic, and malleable. One is empowered through literacy to interact and realize his capability of contributing in sustainable development in one\'s so...

**LESSON 1 - LITERARY CONTENT** **NCTE** defines to be literate is to possess a wide range of abilities and competencies. Literacies are multiple, dynamic, and malleable. One is empowered through literacy to interact and realize his capability of contributing in sustainable development in one\'s society. **WHAT IS LITERATURE?** - - - - - **CHARACTERISTICS** - - - - - **21ST CENTURY LITERATURE** - - - - - **WHAT READERS/WRITERS NEED:** - - - - **21ST CENTURY SKILLS** - - - - **CONTENTS OF LITERATURE\ ** **ILLUSTRATED NOVEL** - - - - - - - **DIGI-FICTION** - - **GRAPHIC NOVELS** - **MANGA** - - - - - - - **DOODLE FICTION** - - **TEXT-TALK NOVEL** - - - - - **CHICK LIT** - **FLASH FICTION** - - **SCIENCE FICTION** - - **BLOG** - - **CREATIVE NONFICTION** - - **HYPER POETRY** - - **SPOKEN POETRY** - - - +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **KEY POINTS** | +=======================================================================+ | **Definition of Literacy:** Literacy encompasses a range of abilities | | and competencies that empower individuals to engage meaningfully in | | society and contribute to sustainable development. It is dynamic and | | adaptable. | | | | **What is Literature?:** Originating from the Latin \"litaritura,\" | | literature includes written and spoken texts, imaginative works (both | | prose and poetry), and can be categorized by language, origin, | | period, genre, and subject matter. | | | | **Characteristics of Literature:** Timelessness Universal appeal, | | Insights into human nature, Emotional relief, Creative word choice by | | the author | | | | **21st Century Literature:** Refers to new literary works created | | since 2001, reflecting current themes and technological culture, | | breaking traditional writing norms, and representing shared | | experiences. | | | | **Needs of Readers/Writers:** Proficiency with technology, | | Relationship building, Information management and analysis, Creation | | and evaluation of multimedia texts | | | | **21st Century Skills:** | | | | **Critical Thinking:** Systematic analysis for problem-solving. | | | | **Self-reflexivity:** Awareness of how personal context shapes | | interpretation. | | | | **Creativity:** Generating original ideas and solutions. | | **Research:** Developing ideas by gathering and analyzing diverse | | sources. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **LESSON 2 - THREE MAJOR GENRES** **\ GENRE** is a type of art, literature, or music that is characterized by a specific form, content, and style. Translates from the french to mean 'kind' or 'type' **POETRY** One of the oldest literary forms, derived from the Latin word **\"poema,\" meaning \"something composed.\"** It is characterized by compact language, where words are carefully chosen for their sound, suggestive power, and meaning. **NARRATIVE POETRY:** tells a story, includes: - - **LYRIC POETRY:** expresses feeling and emotions, meant to be sung, includes: - - - - - **DRAMATIC POETRY:** Intended for performance - - - - **ELEMENTS** - - - **PROSE** Most common form of writing, encompassing both fiction and nonfiction. The term comes from the Latin **"prosa oratio," meaning "straightforward."** **SUB-GENRES:** - - **ELEMENTS:** **Plot:** The framework of fiction, consisting of a causally related sequence of events. **Characters:** The subjects of the story who influence events and are influenced by them. - - - **Setting:** Refers to the place, time, and environment of the story. Provides background, Reveals character and shape events, Creates atmosphere. **Conflict:** Any struggle between opposing forces, including: - - - - - - **Point of View:** The angle from which the story is told. Types include: - - - **Theme:** A specific statement or idea that the author advances about life, society, and the human condition, which can be expressed directly or implied. **DRAMA** Drama is a form of literature intended to be staged or performed in a theater. It conveys story, conflict, and emotions through dialogue and action. - **Comedy:** A light-hearted drama that typically ends on a positive note or with a happy ending. **Musical:** Combines acting, dialogue, dance, and music to tell a story. While often comedic, musicals can also address serious subjects. **Farce:** A genre characterized by absurd situations and exaggerated humor, often involving overacting and clowning. **Melodrama:** Sensational and extravagant, melodrama appeals directly to the audience\'s emotions, featuring simple, often stereotypical characters. **Tragedy:** Focuses on human suffering and typically does not have a happy ending, exploring deep emotional themes. **Fantasy:** A completely fictional genre where characters possess supernatural abilities, often involving magic, pseudo-science, and horror elements. **LESSON 3 - LITERARY CONTEXT** **Context** refers to the social, cultural, political, historical, and other circumstances surrounding a text. It helps us understand and evaluate the text more effectively. - - - - - - - **COMPONENTS** - - - - - **LESSON 3 - BOB ONG ALAMAT NG GUBAT** **Alamat ng Gubat** is an illustrated novel by Bob Ong and Klaro. Published in 2003 by VISPRINT Inc. Alamat ng Gubat tells us the story of a crab named Tong. He was tasked to find a cure for his father\'s sickness. Haring Talangka, his father can not swim anymore because of his sickness. Tong needs to find a puso ng saging for his father. **Buwaya and Maya:** Tong asked Buwaya where to find puso ng saging but Buwaya tricked Tong into giving him pearls. **Bibe and Palaka:** Tong meets Bibe and Palaka after running away from Buwaya. Palaka considers himself king of the jungle, possesses stolen pearls and Bibe loves the treatment. Leon and Daga suddenly appears, also Buwaya that then swallowed Bibe and Palaka. **Leon:** Leon asked Tong to look for Manok and Pagong to return their eggs, they will tell Tong the whereabouts of Aso. **Insects:** Tong meets revolting insects. **Tipaklong,** leading the insects. **Langgam,** business will be affected and wants tipaklong to stop. **Langgam**, irrelevant presence. **Uod and bulate,** depicts the importance of looking back where you came from. **Paru-paro,** boastful. **Ulang:** Tong meets him and asked what he was doing. Ulang then answered nothing. Later on, Tong will go by a fried Ulang. **Manok, Pagong, Aso, Kuneho:** They helped Tong find puso ng saging. Aso explained that bad things will happen to the animals in the forest if it is used no to cure someone. **Matsing:** Tong then met Matsing after seeing a dead Ulang whom taught him a lot of things. *An election on the King of the Jungle did not go well due to bribery.* **LESSON 4 - LITERARY DEVICES** **FIGURES OF SPEECH** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - 8. - 9. - 10. - 11. - 12. - **SOUND DEVICES** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - **LESSON 5 - PH FOLKLORE & MYTHOLOGY** The Philippines has a rich oral literature that predates Spanish colonization, featuring various phantasmagorical stories unique to different regions. Legends have been passed down through generations orally. **"Folklore,\"** coined in 1846 by English antiquary William John Thoms, encompasses a wide range of cultural expressions, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral histories, proverbs, jokes, and customs. - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Other Deities and Spirits** - - - - - - - - - - - **LEGENDS** Legends are **prose narratives** that recount extraordinary events believed to be true. They often feature marvelous creatures, such as fairies and ghosts, reflecting cultural beliefs. Additionally, legends explain the origins of various things, including places, names, plants, and animals. **FOLK SPEECHES** **Proverbs:** Have didactic value, called saliwikain, and uses metaphors drawn from nature or everyday life. - **Riddles:** most amusing form, refers to an object to be guessed, enriches the imagination and sharpens the senses. **FOLK SONGS** **Folk Songs:** These are orally transmitted songs that express the experiences and dreams of the Filipino people. They encompass various themes, including life cycle, work, activity, ritual, religious, and nature songs. **Folk Ballads:** These storytelling songs are rare in Philippine literature. They typically use a quatrain structure, alternating between iambic tetrameter (eight syllables) and trimeter (six syllables), known as **ballad meter**. Folk ballads originated from the Filipino sarswela and gained popularity through electronic media, performed by both professionals and amateurs. **Folk Music:** This category includes both traditional music and styles that evolved during the 20th-century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century and often refers to older music. Traditional folk music is defined as music transmitted orally, associated with lower classes, and often created by unknown composers. - **CREATURES** Mythical beasts, monsters, and enchanted beings in the Philippines come from over 140 ethnic groups, each with its own unique belief systems. These diverse cultures share a rich array of beliefs in various mythical creatures. **Aswang:** Shapeshifting beings that appear human by day and become monstrous at night. - **Tiyanak:** Spirits of unbaptized babies or aborted fetuses that transform into normal babies to lure and attack humans. **Lamanlupa:** Small underground creatures, also known as Kaibaan or Tamyaw. **Bakunawa:** A serpentine dragon from Visayan mythology that eats the moon, causing eclipses. - **Diwata:** Goddesses with powers to reward or punish, often protecting nature; includes notable figures like Maria Makiling. **Manananggal:** A type of aswang that separates its lower half to fly at night, vulnerable to salt and ash. **Halimaw:** Animal-like evil creatures. Also called as aliwas (Hiligaynon), amamaliw or mangtas (Cebuano). **Anito:** Ancient spirits or nature spirits of one's ancestors that protect against lamanlupa and aswang. **Nuno sa Punso:** Goblin-like beings that bring good or bad fortune, living in mounds or trees. - **Tikbalang:** Half-man, half-horse creatures that lead people astray; can be tamed by acquiring their golden hair. **Batibat:** Vengeful spirit in the form of an old fat woman that punishes those who disturb her trees. - - - **Siyokoy:** Sea creatures with human forms and scaled bodies, known for drowning fish-eating humans. **Kapre:** Hairy giants that scare children, found sitting atop trees. **Sirena:** Sea creatures with a human upper body and fish tail, known for luring men with songs. **Tiktik:** Bird-like humans that target pregnant women, using their long tongues to feast on fetuses. **Bungisngis:** A one-eyed giant who loves to laugh and eat. - **Mandurugo:** A beautiful woman by day, she becomes a bloodsucking monster at night. - - **Adarna:** A mythical bird whose song can cure diseases but can also put listeners to sleep, its dropping can turn anyone into stone. **Amihan:** A primordial bird associated with creation myths in Tagalog culture. **Sigbin:** A creature resembling a hornless goat, said to be an aswang\'s pet that preys on the dying. - **LESSON 5 - TRESE** The writer-artist team brings together the mythical creatures from Philippine culture and places them not just in a modern urban setting but in Crime Scene Investigation manner. - - - - **Kajo Baldisimo** is a Filipino comic book artist best known for illustrating the horror/crime series *Trese*, which he co-created with writer Budjette Tan. He also works under the pseudonym \"Josef Rootgum\" and was the penciler for *Star Wars: Legacy* issue 41. In 1996, Kajo joined Virtual Media Studios, where he connected with writers and illustrators from Alamat Comics, including Budjette Tan, and they used the studio as a hangout spot. **Budjette Tan** is a Filipino writer and storyteller, best known for creating the horror/crime comic series Trese. His passion for comics began in childhood, where he invented characters like Cosmic Man, Lightning Hawk, and The Computer Creeps, influenced by shows like Voltes V, Transformers, and X-Men. He was also inspired by Philippine mythology and folklore, drawing from a mini-library's copy of The Soul Book and folk tales shared by his parents, including stories of the nuno and aswang. **TV SERIES ADAPTATION** - - - - - **LESSON 6 - WORLD LITERATURE** The 2000s experienced a rise in the acceptance of diverse literature, fueled by the nostalgia of readers influenced by writers like C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien. Popular books, such as the Harry Potter series, were adapted into films. - **World Literature** refers to the totality of national literatures, each with unique artistic and cultural traits. - **EMERGENCE** The development of global economic and cultural relations contributed to the emergence of world literature. In the 21st century, advancements in technology and freedom of expression have further accelerated the growth of world literature, encouraging more contributions. - - **NOBEL PRIZE** Established by **Alfred Nobel,** The first prize was awarded to **Sully Prudhomme** in 1901, and as of October 2023, Jon Fosse is the latest laureate, totaling 116 awards given to 120 laureates. **REASONS TO READ:** - - - **MITCH ALBOM** **Mitch Albom** is a renowned best-selling author, journalist, screenwriter, playwright, and broadcaster. His works have sold over 40 million copies globally, published in 49 territories and 47 languages. Many of his books have been adapted into Emmy Award-winning television movies, earning critical acclaim. **TIMEKEEPER** In **\"The Timekeeper,\"** the inventor of the world's first clock faces punishment for attempting to measure God\'s greatest gift---time. Banished to a cave for centuries, he endures the pleas of those seeking more time until, nearly broken, he is granted freedom along with a magical hourglass. His mission is to teach two people the true meaning of time: a despondent teenage girl on the brink of giving up and a wealthy old businessman longing for immortality. To redeem himself, he must save them both and halt the relentless pursuit of time that he unwittingly set in motion.