21st Century Literature 1st Qtr Exam Reviewer PDF

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST QTR EXAM REVIEWER LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE Lyric Poetry LITERATURE - focuses on expressing feelings rather th...

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE 1ST QTR EXAM REVIEWER LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE Lyric Poetry LITERATURE - focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story LITERATURE - examples: haiku, ode, elegy, - “littera” (latin) = “a letter of the alphabet” sonnet, song - a body of written works associated to PROSE imaginative and creative works of poetry FICTION and prose and can be classified according - product of the writer's wild to variety of systems imagination and creative thinking - either in oral or written form - 3 types: short story, novel, and - Literary texts = products of written literature novella. - Literary structure = general features or - main genres: crime, fantasy, characteristic of genre, style, specific literary romance, science fiction, western, trend, as an art form, and art as a whole. inspirational, historical fiction, and horror. 2 MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE - examples: play, legend, fable POETRY NON-FICTION - usually written in lines - inspired by real events - characterized by having the elements of - writers aim to present, interpret, or rhythm, sound, imagery, and form. describe experiences based on - express feelings, thoughts, and ideas facts. - 3 types: Narrative Poetry, Dramatic Poetry, - judgments, opinions, and and Lyric Poetry. commentaries of the writers may be presented in the form of essays, PROSE journals, diaries, feature articles, - a natural flow of speech and grammatical editorials, and the like. structures consisting of complete sentences - examples: biography, memoir, arranged logically and sequentially in a autobiography, narrative essay paragraph form - 2 types: Fiction and Non-fiction LITERARY ELEMENTS - particular identifiable characteristics of a POETRY whole text Narrative Poetry - setting, character, conflict, theme, point of - tells a story and has the elements of view and plot a narrative (characters, setting, - plot = exposition, rising action, climax, conflict, etc. falling action, and resolution/ denouement - examples": epic, ballad, and metrical tales LITERARY TRADITION Dramatic Poetry - a collection of works that have an - emotionally appealing drama written underlying interconnectedness and in verse coherence that makes them more than - recited or sung in front of the simply a group of works sharing geography audience or group. - example: dramatic monologue and soliloquy  diverse language, and the unique customs PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD of the Philippines. - oral traditions: chants, proverbs, riddles, 4. Myths - explain the nature of the world, songs, epics, and folk narratives human existence, and life’s mysteries; - literature was recreation for our ancestors; narratives of heroes, deities, and music lovers = more than 10 types of songs mythological creatures. in various Philippine languages were 5. Folk Songs - a piece of music about a discovered. particular group of people, an event, or an - story telling was used to explain experience phenomenon and teach lessons 6. Epic - narrates the heroic deeds and adventures of legendary figures in the SPANISH COLONIZATION country’s history and mythology. - emphasis on morality and religion (Corrido, Authors Pasyon, and Cenaculo) - Any member of the community can be a poet, - production of printed materials singer, or storyteller, as long as he knows the - literacy = nationalism (writing about language and conventions of the forms. Literature was passed down through storytelling oppression, corruption, and other social ills) from one person to another. Theme AMERICAN COLONIZATION - Literary contents during this period were - developments in education and culture about the creation of the world, the origin of - free public education things, daily life experiences, and events - short stories = most prevalent forms within the community. - all forms of literature were explored by Literary Works Filipino writers - Guman (Subanon) - writers started to gain recognition both - Darangen (Maranao) locally and internationally - Hudhud (Ifugao) - Lam-ang (Ilocano) JAPANESE COLONIZATION - Hinilawod (Sulod) - Filipino writers were forbidden to write - Kudaman (Palawan) anything against the government - English language is banned SPANISH COLONIZATION (1565 TO 1898) - Short stories in vernacular flourished Literary Genres LESSON 2: Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic 1. Christian Doctrines - (Doctrina Christiana) Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from two early books on the catechism of the Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary Period Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE (BC TO 1564) 2. Senakulo - traditional Filipino dramatization of the life and times of Jesus Christ. Literary Genres 3. Pasyon - retelling of the Passion of Christ; 1. Riddle - a statement or question that Philippine epic narrative of the life of Jesus proposes a puzzle to be solved: mind Christ, focused on his Passion, Death, and teasers that challenge wit and creativity Resurrection; 5 lines = 8 syllables 2. Proverbs - brief, simple, and popular 4. Awit - a Filipino poem consisting of saying; forceful and poetic expressions and 12-syllable quatrains which follows the basic forms of euphemisms pattern of rhyming stanzas established in 3. Chants - melodious and rhythmic verses the Philippine epic Pasyon that provide a glimpse into the rich history,  5. Komedya - genre of the Philippine national seven and nine syllables. theater & was a part of catholic missioners 3. Filipino Drama - mode of fictional propaganda activities representation through dialogue and Authors & their literary works performance; an imitation of some action; Francisco Balagtas (1788- 1862) - Florante at reproduction of English plays in Tagalog Laura Pedro Paterno (1857-1911) - Ninay Authors & Literary Works Jose P. Rizal (1861-1896) - Noli Me Tangere & Marcio Pineda (1912-1950) - Suyuan sa Tubigan El Filibusterismo Narciso Reyes (1914-1996) - Lupang Tinubuan Leona Florentino (1849-1884) - Naangawan A Liwayway Arceo (1924-1999) - Cana de la Reina Cablaaw (A Rather Humorous Greeting) Theme Theme - The theme during this period was - The literature during the early period nationalism, life in the barrio, faith, love, contained religious doctrines, and Christian and European Tradition. As the religion, and arts. revolutionary period arose propaganda and revolutionary literature sprung up. 20TH CENTURY (1972-1985) Literary Genres AMERICAN COLONIZATION (1898 TO 1940) 1. Protest Literature - “any form of Literary Genres communication that engages social 1. Poetry - uses aesthetic and rhythmic consciousness and may move someone to qualities of language; free writing to societal action.” concerns under the Americans. 2. Proletarian Literature - an expression of 2. Short Story - brief fictional prose narrative the experiences of working-class people that deals with a few characters and a under capitalism. single effect. 3. Prison Literature - a literary genre that is 3. Publications - something made to written while the author is confined in a communicate with the public location against his or her will, such as a 4. Drama - used to degrade the Spanish rule prison, jail or house arrest and immortalize the heroism of men who Authors & their literary works fought during the Katipunan Ponciano Pineda (1927 - 2009) - Pagpupulong: Authors & their Literary Works Mga Tuntunin At Pamamaraan Paz Marquez Benitez (1894- 1983) - Dead Star Aniceto Silvestre (1998-1983) - My Valentine Zoilo M. Galang (1895- 1959) - A Child of Jose Dalisay (1954) - Soledad's Sister Sorrow Theme Fernando Maramang (1893- 1936) - Moonlight on Manila Bay - A theme such as patience, native culture, Jose Garcia Villa (1908- 1997) - Footnote to customs, the beauty of nature, and Youth surroundings are used for poems. Realities Theme about exploitation and injustice were also - Writers explored a lot of subjects but the prevalent. themes of love and youth persis. They had also acquired mastery of English writing. 21ST CENTURY (2001-PRESENT) Literary Genres JAPANESE COLONIZATION (1941 TO 1945) 1. Theses - an evidence of the contribution of Literary Genres a graduate student in a particular field of 1. Haiku - 3-line poems with a 5-7-5 syllable knowledge and should reflect the quality of structure focusing on nature or emotions. the university. 2. Tanaga - a poem consisting of four lines 2. Comic - a form of a sequence of panels of with each line equally having between images; uses a combination of text and  visual details to express ideas and stories; 4 CONVENTIONAL LITERARY GENRES uses speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia to show dialogue, narration, 1. POETRY sound effects, and other information. - imaginative awareness of 3. eBooks - book composed in or converted to experience expressed through digital format for display on a computer meaning, sound. rhythmic language screen or handheld device. choices to evoke emotional Authors & their Literary Works response Carlo J. Caparas (1943-2024) - Ang Panday Gilda Olvidado - Sinasamba Kita 2. DRAMA - prose/verse presenting in dialogue Theme or pantomime a story acted on stage - Writers in this period look back and get their ideas and inspiration from the previous 3. FICTION writers, they use the past as a tool for the - created from the imagination, not future. Technology also has a great impact presented as fact in story telling on the writers’ imagination. though it may be based on true stories or situations LESSON 3: CONVENTIONAL AND 21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES 4. NON-FICTION - based on facts and an author's CONVENTIONAL opinion about a subject with the - literature that is commercially available intention to inform and persuade through normal distribution channels - follows traditional forms and genres 21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES 1. ILLUSTRATED NOVEL 21ST CENTURY - a story or narrative told through - contemporary times/current century in the words completed by illustrated Anno Domini era or the “Common Era,” images under the Gregorian calendar. - reader must interpret the images to comprehend the story completely LITERARY GENRE - spans all genres - category of literature Examples: The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick, & The Arrival by Shuan Tan 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE - written by contemporary authors that deals 2. DIGI FICTION with current themes and issues and reflects - also called as the “Triple Media Literature” a technological culture - uses the combination of 3 medias: book, - often breaks traditional writing rules movie/video, and internet - tells a narrative where readers must engage 21ST CENTURY READER by navigating, reading, and viewing to - capable of navigating and interpreting digital understand formats and media messages Examples: Skeleton Creek by Patricia Carman, & - grew up with technology as a primary Level 26 by Anthony E. Zuiker learning tool  3. GRAPHIC NOVEL 8. FLASH FICTION - narratives told in comic-strip formats - a story narrated in an extremely brief and published as a book way but still offers plot and character - employed in a broad manner, development and implies a larger encompassing non-fiction works and story thematically linked short stories and - six-word stories, dribble or minisaga fictional stories across several (50 words), a 280-character story or genres twitterrature, drabble or microfiction Examples: Archie, & The Death of Captain Marvel (100 words), and sudden fiction (750 by Jim Starlin words) Example: For sale: baby shoes, never worn. by 4. MANGA Ernest Hemingway - Japanese word for “comics” - comic books and graphic novels 9. CREATIVE NONFICTION originally published in Japan - “literary nonfiction” or “narrative - Ameri-manga = manga-style comics nonfiction” created by American artists - a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create 5. DOODLE FICTION factually accurate narratives - a literary presentation where the Examples: Wind, Sand, and Stars by Antoine De author incorporates doodle writing, Saint-Exupery, & One Thousand Gifts by Ann drawings, and handwritten graphics Voskamp in place of the traditional font - doodles = simple drawings or 10. SCIENCE FICTION random shapes and line that - “Literature of ideas” may/may not have concrete - a genre of speculative fiction dealing representational meanings with imaginative concepts such as Examples: Dairy of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney, & futuristic science and technology, Timmy Failure by Stephan Pastis space travel, time travel, a parallel universe, and extraterrestrial life 6. TEXT-TALK NOVELS - explores the potential consequences - stories told almost entirely in of scientific innovation dialogue stimulating social network Examples: Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins, & exchanges Kingdom of Ash by Sarah J. Maas - narratives are presented in blog, email, and instant messaging format 11. BLOG Example: Vince & Kath & James by Jenny Ruth - shortened form of Weblog Almocera - a website containing short articles that are updated regularly 7. CHICK LITERATURE - are written by a person = own - an often humorous and lighthearted opinions, interest, and experiences fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood = romantic 12. HYPER POETRY relationships, friendships, and issues - digital poetry that uses links and in the workplace hypertext mark-up - targets young women readers - involves set words, phrases, lines, Examples: The Night Before Christmas by Scarlett etc. that are presented in variable Baily, & It Started With A Kiss by Miranda Dickinson order  - usually found online IMAGERY Example: Night Raider ‘super Wise Hyper Vision’ - creating a picture in the reader's by Terence George mind by using words that appeal to the senses. LESSON 4: CONTEXT & TEXT’S MEANING SENSORY - mental snapshots that appeal to our CONTEXT sense of sight, sound, taste, touch, - originates from the notion of weaving and smell. together. - circumstances that form the setting of 3 TYPES OF IMAGERY events, statements, or ideas and in the way of which it can be fully understood and 1. VISUAL IMAGERY assessed. - use of words that appeal to the sense of sight 4 TYPES OF CONTEXT 2. AUDITORY IMAGERY 1. WRITER’S CONTEXT - use of words that appeal to the - knowing about the writer's life, sense of hearing values, assumptions, gender, race, sexual orientation, and the political 3. KINESTHETIC IMAGERY and economic issues related to the - use of words that appeal to the author. actions and movement 2. READER’S CONTEXT LITERATURE - reader's precious reading experience, values, assumptions, LITERARY ELEMENTS political and economic issues. - “big-picture” literary devices that extend throughout the entire work. 3. TEXT’S CONTEXT - about its publishing history. LITERARY TECHNIQUES - part of the larger text such as - methods the author or writer of a literary newspaper, history, events, piece used to convey what they want to translated in it. impart to the reader; deals with individual words and sentences. 4. SOCIAL & SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT - features the society in which the characters live and in which the author's text was produced. STRUCTURE OF THE POEM - how the words, phrases and stanzas have been arranged and the relationship between them. - when a poem is deliberately crafted to create a specific effect on the reader.