N2030 Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

N2030 Exam 3 Study Guide Ch 7: Mental Status, Ch 8: Nutrition; Ch 18: Abdomen; Ch 20: Male Genitalia; Ch 21: Anus, Rectum, & Prostate; Ch 22: Musculoskeletal, Ch 23: Neurologic System. 1. Perineum: – In females the area between the anus and vagina. In men the area between the anus and scrotum. 2. He...

N2030 Exam 3 Study Guide Ch 7: Mental Status, Ch 8: Nutrition; Ch 18: Abdomen; Ch 20: Male Genitalia; Ch 21: Anus, Rectum, & Prostate; Ch 22: Musculoskeletal, Ch 23: Neurologic System. 1. Perineum: – In females the area between the anus and vagina. In men the area between the anus and scrotum. 2. Hernias: - Abnormal protrusion of the bowel through a weakening in the abdominal muscles. 3. Bladder prolapse: -A condition where the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments weaken resulting in the bladder dropping. 4. Rectocele:Hernia of the rectum. 5. Testicular Self-Exam: -Inspecting the testicles looking for any lumps, swelling or anything unusual. 6. Genitalia Self-Exam: -Instruct anyone who is sexually active to look at all regions of genitalia and educate them on S/S of STI’s 7. What is the significance of symmetry vs. asymmetry; a finding being bilateral vs. unilateral? -Symmetry everything is evenly proportioned or balanced -Asymmetry means something may not be normal or unproportioned, uneven (facial drooping, lesion) -Bilateral means on both sides -Unilateral means on one side 8. Barlow-Ortolani maneuver -Assess hip stability in newborns -Barlow maneuver test for hip instability my attempting to dislocate -Ortolani maneuver test to see if dislocated hip can be relocated 9. Syndactyl & polydactyl -Syndactyl (conjoined) webbed fingers or toes -Polydactyl having extra toes or fingers 10. Kyphosis, Lordosis, Gibbus, Scoliosis: -Kyphosis is excess outward curvature of the spine causing hunching of the back -Gibbus is more severe kyphosis (boomerang shape to upper hunch back) -Lordosis is an abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine causing a sway. -Scoliosis is an S curvature in the spine. 11. Genu Valgum, Genu Varum: (L in – R out) -Valgum is knock knees, -Varum is bow legged. 12. Pes valgus, Pes planus, Pes cavus, Pes varus: L in – R out) -Pes valgus = toes point out -Pes planus = flat feet -Pes cavus= abnormally high arch of the foot -Pes varus= toes point in 13. Range of Motion – all types of movements for all different joints 14. TMJ assessment: -Opening/Closing mouth, moving jaw laterally to each side, protruding and retracting jaw. Test temporal muscles by clenching the jaw. -Normal findings = is audible/palpable snap or click, achieve 3 movements, can push against your resistance (CN V). -Abnormal findings= swelling, round bulge, crepitus, pain, reduced ROM 15. Bone density – What nutrition is needed to promote good bone density? -Calcium and vitamin D 16. Osteoarthritis vs. Rheumatoid arthritis – signs/symptoms, types of deformities especially on the hands -Osteoarthritis is progressive, (develops slowly and worsens over time) degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage. Pain areas (joints of hips, hands, knees, lower back) S/S stiffness, crackles, pain, swelling or tenderness, bump on the fingers or bony growths. (Heberden & Bouchard nodes) -Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the body’s immune system attacks its own tissue. S/S same symptoms on both sides of the body (both hands or knees), tenderness/swelling in more than one joint, weight loss, weakness, lumps, physical deformities, sensation of pins and needles. (Ulnar deviation & swan neck deformity) 17. Osteoporosis – bones become weak and brittle. New bone creation doesn’t keep up with old bone removal. There are typically no signs until bone is broken down. Symptoms may include back pain, stooped posture, loss of height over time & bones that break easily. (weight bearing exercises) 18. Tinel sign; Phalen sign -Tinel Sign= direct percussion of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand. If a positive test, percussion produces tingling and burning along distribution. -Phalen sign= carpal tunnel. Pain elicited from flexed wrists pressing together for 1 minute. 19. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa – Know symptoms from textbook -Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat. S/S, lower body weight, denial of hunger, excessive physical activity, extreme fear of becoming fat, altered body image, fixation with food preparation. -Bulima nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating then purging. S/S consuming an unusually large amount of food in a short period of time, use of laxatives, hiding food, fasting, excessively exercising. 20. Purpose of 24 hour diet recall -It is a quick and simply way to obtain food hx. Pt lists all foods, beverages, meals, snacks eaten over past 24 hours with fluids. 21. Six nutritional groups of foods -Carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water. 22. BMI; waist/hip circumference; Apple/Pear Shape -BMI is a measure of body weight relative to height -Waist/hip is waist or abdominal circumference divided by the hip or gluteal circumference. Method for assessing fat distribution. -Apple/Pear shape = Apple describes people who tend to carry/gain weight in their abdomen(more dangerous). Pears have smaller waists and carry pounds in hips, thigh and butt. 23. Nutrition –Content reviewed during course 24. MyPlate Food Guide -Make half your plate fruits (focus on whole fruits) and vegetables -Make half your grains whole grains -Vary your protein -Move to low fat or fat free dairy/milk products 25. Know normal Cholesterol & lipid values -Normal cholesterol