Chapter_2_-Overview_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology-merged(2).pdf

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Brian E. Ramos MD, RMT Eliz...

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Brian E. Ramos MD, RMT Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1 Learning Objectives At the end of session, the students should be able to: Define anatomy and physiology Discuss the essential characteristics and chemical basis of life Describe the structural and functional organization of the human body Identify the components and major functions of the different organ systems of the body Categorize the different types of homeostatic response mechanisms to maintain the normal health status of the body Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2  Anatomy The study of the body’s structure Gross anatomy (larger structures) Microscopic anatomy (smaller structures) Subcategories Regional anatomy, systemic anatomy, histology, cytology, and others Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3  Anatomical Structures in a Variety of Imaging Techniques (1 of 3) (Figure 2.1A and 2.1B) Gross anatomy of the brain (Figure 2.1A) compared to microscopic anatomy of the brain (Figure 2.1B) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4  Anatomical Structures in a Variety of Imaging Techniques (2 of 3) (Figure 2.1C and 2.1D) Functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain (Figure 2.1C) and ultrasound imagining of fetal brain (Figure 2.1D) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5  Anatomical Structures in a Variety of Imaging Techniques (3 of 3) (Figure 2.1E and 2.1F) X-rays can be used to show hard structures like bone (Figure 2.1E) CT scans can be used to show soft tissues (Figure 2.1F) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6  Physiology The study of function of the human body Helps to understand the chemistry and physics of the anatomical structures of the body and how they work Categories of physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular physiology Renal physiology Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7  Question What categories of anatomy or physiology can you think of that we haven’t mentioned? What aspects of the human body do these categories of anatomy describe? What functions of the human body do these categories of physiology describe? Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8  Answers Categories of human anatomy and physiology include pathology, endocrinology, cardiology, and neurology among others. Pathology refers to the study of the changes associated with disease. Endocrinology refers to the study of the endocrine system. Cardiology refers to the study of the heart. Neurology refers to the study of the nervous system. Endocrinology and neurology discuss how the body maintains control of homeostasis. Cardiology discusses how the heart helps circulate blood throughout the body. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9  Knowledge Check 1 What subspecialty of anatomy studies the structure and function of cells? A. Systemic anatomy B. Histology C. Cytology D. Renal anatomy Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10  Knowledge Check 1 Answer What subspecialty of anatomy studies the structure and function of cells? C. Cytology Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Structure and Function (Figure 2.3) Structure and function are closely related Structure determines function Changes in protein shape can change their function Human pelvis evolved to support abdominal and thoracic organs Branching structures in living organisms increase surface area for molecular absorption and exchange Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Phosphorylation Causes Changes in Protein Shape (Figure 2.2) This illustrates how form is related to function Adding a phosphate group to a protein changes the shape of the protein Common form of molecular regulation Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13 Branching Structures in Nature (Figure 2.4) Branching maximizes surface area E.g., Respiratory tubes increase surface area available for gas exchange Branching increases speed of molecular transport Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14 Evolution and Human Variation Evolution Caused by random changes in gene expression that occur from generation to generation Leads to variation among a species Becomes more frequent when the variation offers an advantage Variation less likely to be seen in traits that affect the ability to reproduce Anatomical variation occurs more frequently than represented in most texts Does not affect the function For example, the number of pulmonary veins and lumbar vertebrae can vary from person to person Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15  Physiological Variation More diverse and widespread than anatomical variation Affects function of an organ, organ system, or organism Physiological variation can be based on age or gender Necessitates diversity when health studies are conducted Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16  Flow The movement of a substance or molecule Dependent on a gradient Examples of gradients in nature Electrical, pressure, and concentration gradients Gradient Flow = Flow is directly proportional to size of a gradient Resist ance Resistance opposes or stops flow Flow is inversely proportional to resistance An increase in resistance will decrease flow Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17  Anatomy of Flow Gradients determine the direction of flow Molecules flow down their concentration gradients Pressure gradients move food, blood, and air through the body Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18  Homeostasis (1 of 2) The dynamic stability of the body’s internal environment The body’s parameters, or variables, are kept near a normal setpoint pH, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen levels, nutrient levels, and electrolyte levels are constantly monitored Receptors monitor and send information to a control center Control center determines if changes are necessary Changes made by effectors keep parameters, or variables, near setpoint Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19 Homeostasis (Figure 2.6) (2 of 2) For example, body temperature homeostasis: Sensors in the skin detect increase in temperature Control center receives sensory information to maintain body temperature setpoint (37°C) Control center communicates with effector to change body temperature (e.g., sweating) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20 Physiological Variables Maintained by Homeostasis (Table 2.1) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21  Questions What are some situations that may lead to a disruption in the homeostasis of the human body? How will those situations disrupt homeostasis? How will the body respond to maintain homeostasis? Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22  Answers Situations that may lead to disruption of homeostasis include illnesses or changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. These situations disrupt homeostasis by causing deviation from the homeostatic range of the body. For example, an illness can lead to decreased ATP production. Another example is that a decrease in the external temperature can decrease the internal temperature of the body. The body’s response will vary depending on the condition. For example, an increased demand for ATP can lead to increased release of hormones that regulate ATP production. Additionally, in response to a low body temperature shivering may occur. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23 Feedback Loops (Figure 2.7A) The method of control for many variables of the human body Most variables are controlled through negative feedback The body’s response is to decrease the original stimulus Positive feedback occurs when the original stimulus is enhanced or increased Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24 Control of Blood Sugar Levels (Figure 2.7B) Negative feedback loop to control blood sugar levels: A decrease in blood sugar levels leads to release of glucagon from the pancreas Glucagon will then promote an increase in blood sugar levels Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25 Maintaining Blood Sugar Levels Near a Setpoint (Figure 2.7C) Physiological processes help maintain blood sugar levels near a setpoint Eating increases blood sugar levels and insulin is secreted to lower them Fasting decreases blood sugar levels and glucagon is secreted to increase them Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26 Positive Feedback Loop Involved in Childbirth (Figure 2.8) Childbirth involves a positive feedback loop Stretching of the cervix leads to release of oxytocin Oxytocin strengthens contractions of the uterus Cervix stretches more as labor continues Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27  Questions What evolutionary changes have occurred to the human body? How have these changes offered humans an increased chance of survival? Does geography play a role in evolutionary changes? Why or why not? Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28  Answers Evolutionary changes that have occurred to the human body include changes in the shape of the pelvis, oppositional thumbs, and development of branching airways. The changes in the shape of the pelvis allow for bipedal movement. Oppositional thumbs allow humans to grasp objects with one hand. Branching airways allow for increased surface area for gas exchange. Yes, geography plays a role in evolutionary changes. Different geographies expose the human body to different environmental conditions. Since evolution occurs in response to these conditions, the difference in geography can lead to different evolutionary changes. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29  Knowledge Check 2 What component of a feedback loop is responsible for directly making changes to maintain homeostasis? A. Control center B. Effector C. Sensor Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30  Knowledge Check 2 Answer What component of a feedback loop is responsible for directly making changes to maintain homeostasis? B. Effector Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31  The Levels of Organization The human body has several levels of organization From the simplest to the most complex these include: Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32 Levels of Organization of the Human Body (Figure 2.9) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33 Organ Systems of the Human Body 1. Integumentary System 7. Lymphatic System 2. Skeletal System 8. Respiratory System 3. Muscular System 9. Digestive System 4. Nervous System 10. Urinary System 5. Endocrine System 11. Reproductive System 6. Cardiovascular System Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34 The Integumentary and Skeletal Systems (Figure 2.10A) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35 The Muscular and Nervous Systems (Figure 2.10A) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36 The Endocrine and Cardiovascular Systems (Figure 2.10A) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37 The Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems (Figure 2.10B) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38 The Digestive and Urinary Systems (Figure 2.10B) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39 The Reproductive Systems (Figure 2.10B) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40  Knowledge Check 3 A structure that is composed of two or more types of tissues and performs a specific function belongs to which level of organization? A. Chemical B. Cellular C. Tissue D. Organ E. System Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41  Knowledge Check 3 Answer A structure that is composed of two or more types of tissues and performs a specific function belongs to which level of organization? D. Organ Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42  Knowledge Check 4 Which system is responsible for maintaining acid-base balance and gas exchange between the blood and atmosphere? A. Urinary B. Respiratory C. Digestive D. Endocrine E. Nervous Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43  Knowledge Check 4 Answer Which system is responsible for helping maintain acid- base balance and the exchange of gases between the blood and atmosphere? B. Respiratory Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44  Anatomical Position (Figure 2.10A) The body is standing upright Feet are parallel and shoulder- width apart Toes pointed forward Upper limbs are held out to each side with palms facing forward Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 45 Anterior and Posterior Regional Terms (Figure 2.11) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 46 Directional Terms (Figure 2.12) Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Cranial Caudal Proximal Distal Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 47 Sections and Planes (Figure 2.13) Sections through the human body can be used to investigate internal anatomy A plane is an imaginary section through the body Sagittal Frontal (coronal) Transverse Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 48  Two Dimensional Planes Planes and sections can illustrate the same structures, but from different perspectives It is important to understand the plane or section being presented This information can be used to build a 3-D understanding of body structures Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 49 Organization and Compartmentalization of the Human Body Internal compartments organize the body’s internal space Separated by membranes Referred to as cavities Posterior, or dorsal, body cavity Consists of cranial and spinal (or vertebral) cavities Anterior body cavity Consists of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 50 Subdivisions of the Posterior and Anterior Cavities (Figure 2.14) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 51  Posterior Body Cavity and Subdivisions Posterior, or dorsal, body cavity Cranial cavity Brain Spinal (or vertebral) cavity Spinal cord, beginning of spinal nerves Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 52  Anterior Body Cavity and Subdivisions Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Pleural cavity Abdominal cavity Lungs Stomach Mediastinum Spleen Thymus Liver Esophagus Small intestine Trachea Pelvic cavity Pericardial cavity Urinary bladder – Heart Ovaries Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 53 Abdominal Regions and Quadrants (Figure 2.15) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 54  Serous Membranes of the Anterior Body Cavity Serous membranes are sheets of tissue that cover organs in the anterior body cavity reduce rubbing and friction as internal organs move Serous membranes have two layers parietal layer lines the wall of the body cavity visceral layer lies directly on the surface of the organ cavity between the layers contains serous fluid Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 55  Layers of a Serous Membrane (Figure 2.16) Serous membrane layers develop as the organ develops into the membrane This is similar to the way that an underinflated balloon forms two separate layers around a fist Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 56  Knowledge Check 5 Which cavity of the human body contains the brain? A. Thoracic cavity B. Abdominal cavity C. Cranial cavity D. Pelvic cavity Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 57  Knowledge Check 5 Answer Which cavity of the human body contains the brain? C. Cranial cavity Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 58  Case Study If a patient presents with right lower quadrant pain in an Emergency Department, what are some potential causes of the patient’s pain? (Hint: Think of organs located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.) Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 59  Case Study Answer Think of organs located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Since this is where the patient’s pain is, those organs are most likely to be the cause of the pain. These organs include the appendix, part of the urinary bladder, ascending colon, and sections of the small intestine. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 60  X-Rays Medical imaging provides an internal view of the human body Aids in diagnosing disease X-rays are best used to view teeth and bone Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 61  Computed Tomography Uses computers and a series of x-rays to visualize internal structures in planes Provides more detail than x-rays alone Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 62  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Uses radio signals emitted by internal structures to provide very precise details Expensive Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 63 Other Forms of Medical Imaging Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Uses small amounts of radiation to detect metabolic activity Useful in diagnosing cancers, heart disease, and strokes Ultrasonography Uses sound waves to yield a real time image of internal anatomy Used in sensitive situations like pregnancy Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 64  Discussion Activity 2 If a patient were suspected to have a tumor in the abdominal cavity, which imaging technique would be ideal to use? Explain your answer. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 65  Discussion Activity 2 Sample Answer Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be the preferred imaging technique for suspected abdominal masses. The MRI would offer greater detail in comparison to the CT when evaluating the mass and that is why it would be preferred. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 66  Summary After finishing this chapter, you should be able to: Define anatomical terms Describe the disciplines of anatomy and physiology Discuss the organization of the human body Discuss the concept of homeostasis Describe basic medical imaging techniques and their uses Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 67  Anatomy and Physiology, 1e Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 68