2_Harbour_Logistics_2024.pdf

Harbour Logistics Section 2: Sea Port Logistics II SoSe 2024 Jan-Christoph Maass Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 1  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics”...

Harbour Logistics Section 2: Sea Port Logistics II SoSe 2024 Jan-Christoph Maass Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 1  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 3 Inland Port Logistics 14.06.2024 4 Worldwide Maritime Supply Chains 21.06.2024 5 Intermodal transportation & Sustainability 28.06.2024 6 Digitization in Port Logistics 12.07.2024 7 Excursion Port of Duisburg tbd 8 Written exam tbd Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 2  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 1. Port Handling equipment 2. Processes in Sea Ports 3. Examples of Sea Ports 4. Quiz Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 3  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: For ship - loading/unloading  container gantry cranes (Ship to Shore (STS)- Cranes)  dockside cranes (rail mounted, for break bulk cargo and bulk goods)  mobile cranes Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 4  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: For horizontal transport and in storage areas  straddle carrier / van carrier  reach stacker Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 5  1. Port Handling equipment Reach Stacker (full containers) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 6  1. Port Handling equipment Reach Stacker (empty containers) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 7  1. Port Handling equipment Reach Stacker (trailers/swap bodies) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 8  1. Port Handling equipment Straddle Carrier Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 9  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: For horizontal transport  Tractor and Multitrailer  AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 10  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: For horizontal transport  Terminal Tractor (also called „Mafi“) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 11  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: For storage and for loading / unloading of trucks and trains only in storage areas:  Rubber-Tyred-Gantry-Cranes (RTG), also called „transtainer“  Rail-Mounted-Gantry-Cranes (RMG)  Overhead-Bridge-Cranes (OHBC) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 12  1. Port Handling equipment rail mounted gantry ship to shore rubber tired gantry Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 13  1. Port Handling equipment Handling equipment: Summary For ship - loading/unloading  Container gantry cranes (Ship to Shore (STS)-Cranes)  Dockside cranes (rail mounted, for break bulk cargo and bulk goods)  Mobile Cranes For storage and transportation  Straddle-Carrier = Van-Carrier  Reach-Stacker For storage areas  Rubber-Tyred-Gantry-Cranes (RTG)  Rail-Mounted-Gantry-Cranes (RMG)  Overhead-Bridge-Cranes (OHBC) For transportation  Tractor and Multitrailer  AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 14  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports  Big gantry cranes on rails with land- and waterside boom  First generation of container gantry cranes has a waterside boom of around 45 m (outreach), is able to handle 35-40 t and has a total weight of up to 700 t  Today's Super-Post-Panamax Gantry Cranes have waterside booms of more than 60 m (outreach), are able to carry 50 t under the spreader and have a total weight of around 2.000 t  The waterside boom can reach up to 26 rows of containers on the ship  The waterside boom can be turned up to avoid disturbances during the landing of ships  The ship is loaded and unloaded with the trolley, transported to the landside and is set down on the ground or on a transport vehicle between the supports  It can be differentiated between single-trolley and double-trolley gantry cranes  The capacity of the gantry cranes in operation is between 25-45 container moves per hour Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 15  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Development of size Source: http://maritimesecurity.asia Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 16  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Single-trolley gantry cranes Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 17  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Single-trolley gantry cranes Source: Konecranes, 2022 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 18  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Double / Dual - trolley gantry cranes Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 19  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Double / Dual - trolley gantry cranes Source: Liebherr Cranes, 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 20  1. Port Handling equipment Transport of Container Gantry Cranes Source: LM – Logistics Manager Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 21  1. Port Handling equipment Container Gantry Cranes in Sea Ports: Productivity Example CTA (Container Terminal Altenwerder) in Hamburg:  handling in operation of 45 containers per hour possible (theoretically)  for manual gantry cranes up to 5 person are necessary for loading and unloading  by having a automised gantry crane it is possible to reduce this number to 2 or less  the full automation on the landside of the terminal is already possible and realized (e.g. in Hamburg-Altenwerder), on seaside the movements of the ships are the problem Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 22  1. Port Handling equipment Straddle Carrier  most used transport vehicles in seaport container terminals  storage capacity of 450 to 500 TEU per hectare (100 x 100 m) with 3-time stacking (max. 4-time stacking possible)  for one container gantry crane, 2-4 straddle carrier are needed  driver gets information about container-number, container-position und destination  the information system checks, based on spreader position (20, 30 or 40 ft) and the measured weight of the container, if the right container has be picked Source: http://www.liebherr.co.uk Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 23  1. Port Handling equipment Advantages of Straddle Carriers:  operation on the whole terminal area  no combined transportation needed  high number of parallel container movements on the terminal area possible  malfunction of one straddle carrier has no big influence on the terminal operations  transportation of different container sizes (spreader) possible  flexible due to the possibility to transfer them to other terminal areas if needed  max. speed up to 30 km/h  no disruption of terminal operations by trucks: there can be loaded and unloaded outside the container storage  relatively low storage height reduce the effort of restacking Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 24  1. Port Handling equipment Disadvantages of Straddle Carriers:  high investment costs  high energy- and maintenance-costs  high labour costs compared to RTG-Cranes or AGV-systems  higher need for space due to higher percentage of driveways  low max. speed  less suitable for long distance transportation compared to Tractor and Multitrailer, and also more expensive  high risk of injuries / accidences Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 25  1. Port Handling equipment Advantages of Reach Stacker:  full container can be stacked in 3 rows and 6-times high  often used to stack empty container in a depot and to load / unload trucks and trains  are often used for short transport distances with many stacking activities  storage capacity: ~ 350 TEU per hectar (100 x 100 m) with 3-time stacking (full container); ~500 TEU per hectar with 4-time stacking (empty container)  flexible: easy transfer to other terminals  low operating costs  low investment costs compared to other systems Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 26  1. Port Handling equipment Reach Stacker in combination with Tractor and Multitrailer:  Suitable for small and medium-size container and multi-purpose terminals, especially in developing countries  Reach Stacker are used for stacking of containers in the temporary storage and for loading and unloading trucks  Tractors and Multitrailer take care of the transport from the ship to the temporary storage  2 Reach-Stackers und 4-5 tractors are necessary per container gantry crane Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 27  1. Port Handling equipment Disadvantages of Reach Stacker in combination with Tractor and Multitrailer:  combined transportation between gantry crane and storage  high labour costs due to the high number of vehicles with low level of automation  tractors and multitrailer can not be loaded / unloaded without the help of other terminal equipment  the productivity of the container gantry crane might be reduced: containers can not be set down on the ground and eventually the cranes has to wait for the tractor with chassis.  disturbance of the terminal operations: trucks are loaded and unloaded in the container storage Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 28  1. Port Handling equipment Automatic Guided Vehicles  the terminal area and the transport routes that are stored in the onboard unit of the AGV is the basis for navigation  transport routes are checked in the navigation system by passive marks in the ground  the area on the terminal that is used for AGV-transport is closed for individual transport  full electric AGV are available with automatic battery change Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 29  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 1. Port Handling equipment 2. Processes in Sea Ports 3. Examples of Sea Ports 4. Quiz Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 30 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – Processes Source: THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, 2013 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 31 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – Processes Sea Port Land Transhipment Stack Hinterland transport (rail, road, waterway) Outbound (export) Export Stack Inbound (import) Import Measurement: Container throughput Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 32 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – Processes Source: Dessault Systems Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 33 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – Functional areas Container terminals consist of at least three different functional areas: 1. Handling area between sea vessel and terminal 2. Storage area: Container buffer or container stacking area 3. Handling area between the terminal and inland transport optional:  Warehouses for container stuffing and stripping, Value-Added- Services, repairs, … Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 34 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – Functional areas 1. functional area: container gantry cranes 2. functional area: container buffer or container stacking area 3. functional area: Handling area between the terminal and inland transport Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 35 2. Processes in Ports and Terminals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-NCg0zEVVc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODqfS9pji3Y Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 37 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – IT-Systems: TOS (Terminal Operations System) ROS (Rail Operation System) TMS (Traffic Management System) Slot Management Systems Trucker Card Booking Systems … Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 38 2. Processes in Sea Ports Container Terminal – TOS CFS = Container Freight Station Source: altexsoft Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 39 2. Processes in Sea Ports Comment: TEU - factor  Describes the ratio between 20‘ und 40‘ containers  Is defined to be 1,48 in the guideline for Combined Transport 2012 Example: Container handling Port of Hamburg in 2013: 9,7 Mio. TEU 9.700.000 TEU : 1,48 = 6.554.054 boxes were handled Calculation 1,48: 2 x 48 % (Share of 40‘ containers) + 1 x 52 % (Share of 20‘ containers) = 148 % In case of a TEU-factor of 1,7 (duisport), 70 % of the handled container are 40‘ containers Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 40 Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 1. Port Handling equipment 2. Processes in Sea Ports 3. Examples of Sea Ports 4. Quiz Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 41 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Bremerhaven  Handling 2012: 6,115 Mio. TEU  4.680 m quay length  15 berths (11 for container ships in international traffic)  terminal area: 292 hectare  for container storage: 30.000 ground slots and 15.000 spaces for empty containers  55 container gantry cranes, 10 Super-Post-Panamax-Cranes of it  more than 260 Straddle-Carrier  Reach stacker for the stacking of empty containers Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 42 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Altenwerder CTA (Hamburg) Container Terminal Altenwerder Container Terminal Altenwerder Area before start of construction Mai 2006 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 43 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Altenwerder CTA (Hamburg)  Operating since 2002  Handling capacity: 2,4 Mio.TEU  1.400 m quay length and 4 berths for big container ships  Max. draft of 16,7 m  15 Super-Post-Panamax Container gantry cranes with 2 trolleys each  86 AGV  DRMGC (Double-Rail-Mounted-Gantry- Cranes) in the storage area  26 bearing blocks (total area of 225.000 m²)  In 10 rows, there are 37 ground slots each  Containers are stored in 4 up to 5 layers Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 44 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Altenwerder CTA (Hamburg) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 45 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Altenwerder CTA (Hamburg) Truck Operations:  Driver displays ship card with all necessary information to reader terminal  The container is automatically picked by the RMG-crane  The trucks waits in a dedicated slot to get loaded by the crane  This procedure makes an holding area for all trucks obsolete Source: HHLA Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 46 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Container Terminal Altenwerder CTA (Hamburg) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 47 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Ceres Paragon Terminal Amsterdam Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 48 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Maasvlakte II, Rotterdam ~ 25 km Source: Port of Rotterdam Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 50 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Maasvlakte II, Rotterdam Start of construction work in 2008 2.000 hectares of new land Costs of ~ 2.9 Billion € Double of capacity for container handling in the Port of Rotterdam 60% of space for container handling First container terminal (APM Terminal) started operation in April 2015 (capacity: 2,7 Million TEU) Second container terminal (RWG Terminal) officially opened on September 2015 (capacity: 2,35 Million TEU) Modal split objectives for Maasvlakte II (between 2005 and 2033)  Road from 47% to 35%  Water from 40% to 45%  Rail from 13% to 20% Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 51 3. Examples of Sea Ports Example: Maasvlakte II, Rotterdam Source: http:// www.gcaptain.com Source: http://www.joc.com Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 53 Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 1. Port Handling equipment 2. Processes in Sea Ports 3. Examples of Sea Ports 4. Quiz Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 55 4. Quiz Get your smartphone ready for a short quiz! Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 56 Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 2 Sea Port Logistics II 10.05.2024 3 Inland Port Logistics 14.06.2024 4 Worldwide Maritime Supply Chains 21.06.2024 5 Intermodal transportation & Sustainability 28.06.2024 6 Digitization in Port Logistics 12.07.2024 7 Excursion Port of Duisburg tbd 8 Written exam tbd Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 57