Harbour Logistics 2024 Course Outline PDF

Harbour Logistics Section 1: Sea Port Logistics I SoSe 2024 Jan-Christoph Maass Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 1  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics”...

Harbour Logistics Section 1: Sea Port Logistics I SoSe 2024 Jan-Christoph Maass Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 1  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 2 Sea Port Logistics II 03.05.2024 3 Inland Port Logistics 10.05.2024 4 Worldwide Maritime Supply Chains 14.06.2024 5 Intermodal transportation & Sustainability 21.06.2024 6 Digitization in Port Logistics 28.06.2024 7 Excursion Port of Duisburg (12.07.2024) 8 Written exam tbd Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 2  Who I am Jan-Christoph Maass  Master of Science in Engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology (Gothenburg, Sweden)  Industrial Engineering (Dipl.-Wirt.-Ing.) at University of Paderborn (Germany)  professional experience: – since 2012: Duisburger Hafen AG (duisport) Senior Project Manager – Research and Innovation Corporate Development and Strategy – since 2014: Lecturer Harbour Logistics, Hochschule Rhein-Waal – 2006 – 2012: Consultant and researcher in logistics Fraunhofer-Institute for Material Flow and Logistics (IML), Dortmund/Germany Project Manager in logistic projects in the automotive, construction, telecommunication and mechanical engineering industry Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 3  duisport – Port of Duisburg Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 4  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 1. Basic Terms 2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe 3. Types of ships 4. Shipping Companies & Alliances 5. Types of Terminals Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 5  1. Basic Terms Source: https://www.rotterdammaritimecapital.com/ Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 7  1. Basic Terms Terminology: Port vs. Harbour Port: „A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land.“ (wikipedia.com) Harbour: “Harbors and ports are often confused with each other. A port is a facility for loading and unloading vessels; ports are usually located in harbors.“ (wikipedia.com) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 8  1. Basic Terms Terminology: Port vs. Harbour Port: “A port is defined as an area on both land and water, whether on the sea or river, that provides facilities for shipping vessels to load and unload their cargo. This area, contained within 'port limits', will have been established over years of increasing or declining trade patterns and therefore is defined as the 'human set limits'. There may be several harbours and/or terminals within the port limits. A good example of this is Sydney, new South Wales, Australia where the port contains several harbours, including Port Jackson, North and Middle Harbours.“ Harbour: “A harbour tends to be a physical area where water meets land and results in a sheltered bay, such as Botany Bay in New South Wales, Australia. It may also be a result of an area of water enclosed by human intervention such as the building of breakwaters in the open sea. A good example of this is Portland Harbour in the United Kingdom.“ Source: Shipping Guides Ltd. Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 9  1. Basic Terms Important Terms in Port Logistics (1): Short Sea Shipping Transport alongside the coast and on inland waterways with a max. draft between 3 and 6 m Deep Sea Shipping Deep sea navigation outside the territorial waters (12 nautical mile zone); one nautical mile = 1852m TEU Twenty-feet equivalent unit is an ISO standard container Length: 19 feet 10½ inch (6,058 m) Width: 8 feet (2,438 m) Height: 8 feet and 6 inch (2,591 m) Volume: 33,2 m3 FEU Fourty-feet equivalent unit Length: 40 feet (12,192 m) Volume: 67,7 m3 1 FEU = 2 TEU, including the difference in length due to space between two 20 feet container (3 inch = 7,62 cm) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 10  1. Basic Terms Important Terms in Port Logistics (2): Feeder traffic Ship transport to distribute cargo from one big sea hub (e.g. Hamburg) to smaller seaports (e.g. in Scandinavia) Intermodal Transport Making use of different modes of transport (waterway, rail and road) Bulk Cargo Transported unpackaged in large quantities Liquid or granular, particulate form, as a mass of relatively small solids Dry Bulk Cargo Examples: iron ore, grain, coal, cements, bulk minerals (sand, copper, salt, etc.) Liquid Bulk Cargo Examples: petroleum/crude oil, hazardous chemicals, gasoline, liquefied natural gas (LNG), fruit juices Break Bulk Cargo / General Cargo Goods that must be loaded individually, and not in intermodal containers nor in bulk Examples: goods transported in bags, boxes (not containers), drums and barrels or on pallets Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 11  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 1. Basic Terms 2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe 3. Types of ships 4. Shipping Companies & Alliances 5. Types of Terminals Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 12  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Global containerized trade, 1996-2021 (millions of TEU & percentage annual change): Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 13  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 14  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 15  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Leading 20 global container ports, 2020–2021 (TEU, percentage annual change): Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 16  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe World biggest container ports in Mio. TEU 2005 2014 2018 2021 Rank 1 Singapur 23,2 Shanghai 35,3 Shanghai 42,0 Shanghai 47,0 2 Hongkong 22,4 Singapur 33,9 Singapur 36,7 Singapur 37,5 Shanghai 18,1 Shenzhen 24,0 Shenzhen 27,7 Ningbo 31,1 3 4 Shenzhen 16,2 Hongkong 22,2 Ningbo 26,4 Shenzhen 28,8 5 Busan 11,8 Ningbo 18,7 Guangzhou 21,9 Guangzhou 24,2 6 Koahsiung 9,5 Busan 18,7 Busan 21,7 Qingdao 23,7 Rotterdam 9,3 Guangzhou 16,6 Hongkong 19,6 Busan 22,8 7 8 Hamburg 8,1 Qingdao 16,6 Qingdao 18,3 Tianjin 20,3 9 Dubai 7,6 Dubai 15,2 Tianjin 16,0 Hongkong 17,8 10 Los Angeles 7,5 Tianjin 14,1 Dubai 15,0 Rotterdam 15,3 Sources: http://www.aapa-ports.org/Industry/content.cfm?ItemNumber=900 https://www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/statistics/top-20-container-ports/ Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 17  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe World biggest ports (TEU by country) Source: IAPH - International Association of Ports and Harbours Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 19  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Largest container ports in Europe: Source: Theo Notteboom, PortEconomics, 2022 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 21  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe International maritime trade, 2003–2024 (million tons loaded) Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 23  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Development of international maritime trade by cargo type (Index: 1990 =100) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 24  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe World’s leading ports by total volume, 2016–2017 (million tons): Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2018 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 25  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Tide-Port “Open to the sea” Examples:  Bremerhaven  Jade-Weser-Port  Hamburg Source: Google Maps Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 26  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Ports behind locks Port of Antwerp separated from the sea by locks Examples:  Antwerp  Wilhelmshaven Source: Google Maps lockage Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 27  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Seaside Ports Example:  Port of Singapur Source: Google Maps Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 28  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Seaside Ports Example:  Dhamra Port – India Special case:  18 km long channel to deep sea  high annual costs for dregging the channel Source: Google Maps Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 29  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Riverside Ports Example:  Port of Rotterdam Source: Google Maps Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 30  2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe Type of ports: Riverside Ports Example:  Port of Hamburg Source: Google Maps Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 31  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 1. Basic Terms 2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe 3. Types of ships 4. Shipping Companies & Alliances 5. Types of Terminals Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 32  3. Types of ships Maximal loading capacity of container ships Source: Ashar and Rodrigue, 2012 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 33  3. Types of ships Largest container vessel in 2023: MSC Irina Capacity: 24.346 TEU Length: 400 m Width: 61.3 m Draft: >16 m Source: FleetMon Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 34  3. Types of ships 2019: MSC Gülsün 23.756 TEU 2017: OOCL Hong Kong 21.413 TEU 2006: Emma Maersk 14.770 TEU Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 35  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Crude Oil Tanker  for the transport of crude oil (from production site to consumer; unpaired traffic)  Suezmax = Size of the ship – a tanker that due to its size can barely pass the Suez-Canal  Ships with more the 20,10 m loaded draught have to be lighten before entering the canal  Biggest Oil Tankers can transport up to 2,000,000 barrels (320,000 m3) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 36  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Product Tanker  smaller ships  to transport oil related products (e.g. gasoline, diesel or jet fuel) from the production site to the customer  normally they have several, smaller tanks separated from each other Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 37  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Chemical Tanker  for the transport of dangerous liquids  according to the MARPOL convention (most important international marine environmental conventions) chemical tanker are classified into different dangerous goods classes Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 38  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Gas Tanker  for the transport of liquified gas  Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)  Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) – liquid Propane / Butane  LNG-Temperature: -160 °C Source: UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport 2018 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 39  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Dry bulk carrier  for the transport of dry, pourable bulk goods like coal, iron ore, bauxite, aluminates, grain or cement Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 40  3. Types of ships Bulk carrier: Overview of different ship sizes  Handysize Bulk Carrier (10-30.000 dwt = dead weight tons) for small load sizes and transport areas for ports with low draught most times with own loading equipment  Handymax Bulk Carrier (30-50.000 dwt) most times with own loading equipment  Panamax Bulk Carrier (55-80.000 dwt) oven used for the worldwide transport of coal and grain  Capesize Bulk Carrier (100-300.000 dwt) nearly exclusively for the transport of iron ore and coal Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 41  3. Types of ships General Cargo Vessel  with ship‘s own loading equipment (cranes) and multifunctional loading  therefore it is possible to load and unload cargo in small and ill-equipped ports  up to 40.000 dwt  specialization: Heavy Lift Vessels Transport of very heavy goods like plant components or engines Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 42  3. Types of ships Ro/Ro-Vessel  Ro/Ro = Roll on / Roll off  ferries  Car Carrier Ro/Ro-facility in Duisburg-Rheinhausen Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 43  3. Types of ships Container Ships  mainly on regularly scheduled services  shipping companies on some routes are building alliances  Big container ships can not reach all ports  mainly no ship-own handling equipment  Feeder ships are used for the regional distribution of containers from hubs (e.g. used in the Baltic Sea) Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 44  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 1. Basic Terms 2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe 3. Types of ships 4. Shipping Companies & Alliances 5. Types of Terminals Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 45  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Shipping companies Container, Fleet capacity of the top 10 liner operators, percentage share, Q2 2023 and Q2 2006 Source: Reuters, 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 47  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Shipping companies Container 2020 2022 Source: http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/, 2020. 2022 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 48  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Shipping Companies and Alliances Source: https://freighthub.com/en/blog/shipping-alliances-mean, 2019 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 49  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Shipping Companies and Alliances Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 50  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Source: Reuters, 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 51  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Source: Port Technology, 2024 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 52  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Source: Hafen Hamburg Marketing e.V. 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 53  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Source: Port Technology International, 2023 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 54  4. Shipping Companies & Alliances Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 55  Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 1. Basic Terms 2. Sea Ports worldwide and in Europe 3. Types of ships 4. Shipping Companies & Alliances 5. Types of Terminals Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 56 5. Types of Terminals Classification of terminals  Terminals for liquid bulk (e.g. Oil, LNG, Chemical Products)  Terminals for pourable bulk goods (e.g. coal, building material, iron ore)  Off-Shore-Terminals  Container terminals  Terminals for general cargo (e.g. steel, wood, project, plants & equipment)  Ro/Ro-Terminals (e.g. cars)  Heavy Lift Terminals (e.g. generators, marine engines, cranes, …) Neustädter Hafen Bremen Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 57 5. Types of Terminals Terminals for liquid bulk – Oil Terminal / LNG Terminal  Loading by pumps in the port  Unloading by pumps on the ship  the oil depot does not necessarily have to be close to the pier due to low cost for the transport by pipeline  further distribution of oil (e.g. from ARA-ports) via pipeline, barge, train or truck Source: Brinkmann, Seehäfen Planung & Entwurf, 2005 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 58 5. Types of Terminals Terminals for liquid bulk – Single Point Mooring Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 59 5. Types of Terminals Terminals for pourable bulk goods – Coal and Ore - Terminals  Transport from and to the port often by train  High storage capacity required to guarantee a constant supply of the customer Source: Brinkmann, Seehäfen Planung & Entwurf, 2005 Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 60 5. Types of Terminals Terminals for pourable bulk goods – Coal and Ore - Terminals  Open storage on pithead stocks  Transport via conveyer belt system  Dust has to be avoided (water sprinkler, housings of conveyer belts) Coal Storage in the Port of Rotterdam Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 61 Structure of the course “Harbour Logistics” 1 Sea Port Logistics I 12.04.2024 2 Sea Port Logistics II 03.05.2024 3 Inland Port Logistics 10.05.2024 4 Worldwide Maritime Supply Chains 14.06.2024 5 Intermodal transportation & Sustainability 21.06.2024 6 Digitization in Port Logistics 28.06.2024 7 Excursion Port of Duisburg (12.07.2024) 8 Written exam tbd Harbour Logistics 2024 Page 62