Disaster Risk Notes PDF

BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK OBJECTIVES The learners Explain the meaning of disaster Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters Describe the effects of disaster in one’s life Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster.  Why...

BASIC CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK OBJECTIVES The learners Explain the meaning of disaster Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters Describe the effects of disaster in one’s life Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster.  Why is the Philippines one of the most disaster-prone countries? PACIFIC RING OF FIRE Photo credit: wikipedia.org PACIFIC TYPHOON BELT Photo credit: ucar.edu  EXPORTER OF TYPHOONS Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Period from 1948 to 2010. Reference: Japan Meteorological Agency (n.d.) as cited by Godillano  CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE CHANGE IN THE PROPERTIES OF THE CLIMATE THAT PERSISTS FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD DUE TO NATURAL VARIABILITY OR AS A RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY. GLOBAL WARMING IS ONE OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, WHICH IS THE RISE IN THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE. Photo credit: onicirculation.com PROJECTED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Global temperature change (relative to pre-industrial) 0°C 1°C 2°C 3°C 4°C 5°C Food Falling crop yields in many areas, particularly developing regions Possible rising yields in some Falling yields in many high latitude regions developed regions Water Small mountain glaciers Significant decreases in water availability in many areas, including Sea level rise disappear – water supplies threatened in Mediterranean and Southern Africa threatens major cities several areas Ecosystems Extensive Damage to Rising number of species face extinction Coral Reefs Extreme Weather Rising intensity of storms, forest fires, droughts, flooding and heat waves Events Risk of Abrupt and Increasing risk of dangerous feedbacks and abrupt, Major Irreversible large-scale shifts in the climate system Changes 8 Reference: “Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change” as cited in “Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: Operationalizing the People’s Survival Fund” (2013) NATURAL HAZARDS ✓ TYPHOONS ✓ FLOODS ✓ STORM SURGES ✓ EARTHQUAKES ✓ TSUNAMIS ✓ VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ✓ LANDSLIDES ✓ DROUGHT HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARDS ✓ FIRE ✓ MARITIME ACCIDENTS ✓ AIRCRAFT CRASH ✓ LAND ACCIDENTS ✓ INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS ✓ POLLUTION ✓ CIVIL DISTURBANCE ✓ TERRORISM ✓ ARMED CONFLICT  Volcanic eruption (Mt Pinatubo: 1991) Photo-credit:  Landslide (Guinsaugon Landslide: 2006) Photo-credit: TYPHOON HAIYAN/YOLANDA (2013) Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Haiyan from peak intensity to landfall in the Philippines  Storm Surge (TY “Yolanda”: 2013) Photo-credit:  Tropical Storm (TS“Ondoy”: 2009) Photo-credit:  Monsoon Rains (SW Monsoon in NCR: 2012) Photo-credit:  Human-Induced Disaster (Zamboanga Crisis: 2013) Photo-credit: philstar.com  Earthquake (7.2 M EQ in Bohol: 2013) Photo-credit:  Typhoon (TY “Ruby”: 2014) Photo-credit: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION A proactive approach being adopted whenever disaster occurs where risks are reduced and managed. EFFECTS OF DISASTERS ✓ HUMAN TOLL ✓ Dead, injured and missing ✓ Families displaced ✓ Lost livelihood ✓ DAMAGE and LOSSES ✓ Productive Sectors ✓ Social Sectors ✓ Infrastructure ✓ Cross Sectoral ✓ SLOWS ECONOMY ✓ HAMPERS DELIVERY OF SERVICES R= HxVxE C WHERE R = Risk H = Hazard V = Vulnerability E = Exposure C = Capacity  WORLD RISK INDEX REPORT 2014 9th in 2009 6th in 2010 3rd in 2011 3rd in 2012 3rd in 2013 In 2014, the Philippines ranked as 2nd country at risk WORLD RISK INDEX REPORT 2022  pertains to potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or HAZARD human activity which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. DISASTER Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. DISASTER The term “DISASTER” owes its origin to French word “Disastre”, which a combination of two words “Des” meaning “Bad” and “Aster” meaning “Star” thus the term disaster refers to “Bad or Evil Star”. In earlier days disasters were considered to be an outcome of some unfavorable star. Which figures show a disaster? Why? No disaster Event/ Natural Vulnerable Phenomena/ Population Hazard DISASTER Event/ Natural Vulnerable Phenomena/ Population Hazard VULNERABILITY Is a condition determined by factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of disasters.  ELEMENTS AT RISK Include persons, buildings, crops and other components exposed to known disaster hazards and which are likely to be adversely affected by the impact of these hazards. CAPACITY Is a combined strength of a community that can help in reducing and managing disaster risks. DISASTER RISK Is “the probability of harmful consequences or losses (deaths, injuries, livelihoods, assets , services) resulting from interactions between natural or human- induced hazards and vulnerable conditions.” HAZARD EXPOSURE DISASTER RISK VULNERABILITY  DISASTER RISK FACTORS Disaster Risk factors are variables that either aggravate or mitigate the effects of hazards, affecting the degree or scope of a disaster. (1) Physical factors would pertain to tangible objects or infrastructure (2) Psychological factors include state of mental capacity and health (3) Socio-cultural factors include religion, social status, traditions, perception by society, etc. (4) Economic factors include assets and liabilities, income, economic class, etc. (5) Political factors include government structure, diplomatic issues, etc. (6) Biological factors include flora and fauna in environment, health, diseases, etc. FOUR DRRM THEMATIC AREAS Disaster Preparedness Disaster Response Establish and strengthen capacities of communities Provide life preservation to anticipate, cope and and meet the basic recover subsistence needs of affected population based from the negative on acceptable standards impacts of emergency during or immediately occurrences and disasters Safer, adaptive after a disaster and disaster resilient Filipino Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery Disaster Prevention and communities Restore and improve Mitigation towards facilities and living Avoid hazards and mitigate sustainable conditions and capacities their potential impacts by of affected communities, reducing vulnerabilities and development and reduce risks in exposure and enhancing accordance with the capacities of communities “building back better” principle DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION Development of alarm and early warning systems Nationwide flood forecasting and monitoring Geo-hazard mappings Implementation of safety standards Engineering interventions Flood control structures DISASTER PREPAREDNESS Contingency planning Prepositioning of equipment Enhancement of operation/ coordination centers Organizing, training and equipping responders and volunteers Conduct of training and drills DISASTER RESPONSE Conduct of Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment Issuance of advisories and situation reports SRR operations using ICS Humanitarian assistance Activation of Clusters Provision of financial assistance Management of evacuation centers DISASTER REHABILITATION & RECOVERY Conduct of Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Review of DRRM plans Reconstruction and improvement of houses, buildings, facilities (“build back better” Resettlement Provision of new sources of livelihood Photo credit: Google Images  REFLECTION Natural and human-induced hazards abound in the country. Vulnerabilities (physical, social, environment, economic) further increase disaster risks Filipinos are exposed to disasters given the geographic location of the country.