19th Century Science & Technology PDF

19th Century Science & Technology Lesson Outline Inventions Theories Mass Culture Objective: Identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century Inventions 1. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the first patent...

19th Century Science & Technology Lesson Outline Inventions Theories Mass Culture Objective: Identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century Inventions 1. Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the first patented telephone. He also invented other helpful tools such as the metal detector. Which CORRECTLY describes its function? It was first used to: A. search for gold or hidden treasures B. find the bullet that hit President James Garfield C. detect land mines and weapons buried in the ground D. Both B and C 2. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, this device can record and play back sound. GRAPHOPHONE  Alexander Graham Bell He was best known for inventing the telephone, securing exclusive rights to the technology and launching the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. He also invented a metal detector, audiometer, photophone, and graphophone. 3. Which is NOT an invention of Thomas Edison? A. Light bulb B. Electric motor C. Movie camera D. Alkaline storage battery 4. What did Thomas Edison invent to improve the telephone? CARBON TRANSMITTER  Thomas Edison He worked on the creation of the carbon transmitter used to improve the telephone. He also invented the phonograph, light bulb, movie camera and viewer, and alkaline storage battery. 5. Which situation highlights the invention of Guglielmo Marconi? A. Phoebe watches the television to stay informed about global news. B. Sarah employs the radio to broadcast live news updates to a wide audience. C. Dan makes use of the telegraph to send important messages to his associates. D. Kevin relies on the radar to detect and track the movement of aircraft in the airspace.  Guglielmo Marconi He invented the wireless telegraph or radio using the discoveries about electromagnetic waves. This is now used as a standard equipment for faster communication of ships across the sea. 6. Henry Ford designed an affordable automobile through a manufacturing process in which a product is progressively built in a sequence of workstations, with each workstation specializing in a specific task or component of the overall product. What is it called? ASSEMBLY LINE  Henry Ford He designed an affordable automobile with interchangeable parts, which were built in an assembly line. He is also famous for the Model T automobile designed in 1908. 7. The Wright brothers were pioneers in the field of aviation, credited with inventing and building the world's first successful powered airplane. What are heir names? A. Will and Orville B. Wilbur and Oliver C. Wilbur and Orville D. Wilbert and Oliver  Wright Brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright were considered as pioneers of aviation for they were the ones who made the first gasoline-powered flying machine. Though the flight lasted for just 59 seconds, it was still a breakthrough in the aircraft industry for it showed that man can fly in a machine that is heavier-than-air. Theories 8. This theory explains that diseases are caused by the invasion of microorganisms of the human body. Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch are some of the scientists given credit for this theory. GERM THEORY  Louis Pasteur He claimed that bacteria or microorganisms can be killed by heat. This led to the development of the pasteurization process, a process used to kill germs found in milk. 9. Which pair CORRECTLY matches the scientist and his contribution? A. Joseph Lister: stethoscope :: Robert Koch: heart surgery B. Joseph Lister: heart surgery :: Robert Koch: stethoscope C. Joseph Lister: antiseptics :: Robert Koch: discovery of anthrax D. Joseph Lister: discovery of anthrax :: Robert Koch: antiseptics  Joseph Lister & Robert Koch Joseph Lister found out that wounds and wards have to be disinfected to save lives, while Robert Koch identified anthrax and the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and cholera. 10. This concept advocates the application of Charles Darwin's evolutionary principles to human societies, suggesting that societal progress is driven by the survival of the fittest and natural selection. SOCIAL DARWINISM  Charles Darwin In his book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,” he explained that population grows faster than the rate of increase of food supply, so they have to survive, and only the fittest will make it. This is commonly known as the theory of evolution. 11. Gregor Mendel is often credited with his foundational work in the field of genetics. What organism did Mendel primarily use for his genetic experiments? A. Mice B. Dogs C. Fruit flies D. Pea plants  Gregor Mendel The Gene Theory states that traits can be passed on from parents to offspring through genetic transmission. This theory is now used in commerce for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and in identifying abnormal chromosome pairing such as in Down syndrome. 12. Which CORRECTLY describes John Dalton’s Atomic Model? Atom is: A. a ball-like structure without internal structure B. similar to a piece of cake that can be divided endlessly C. like a plum pudding composed of a positively and negatively charged components D. a miniature solar system with nucleus at the center and electrons orbiting around it  John Dalton He theorized that all matter is composed of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible particles. In his atomic model, he envisioned atoms as solid spheres without internal structure. 11. Which was NOT a part of Dmitri Mendeleev’s predicted new elements in his original periodic table proposed in 1869? A. Gallium B. Scandium C. Magnesium D. Germanium  Dmitri Mendeleev He created the first widely accepted periodic table in 1869, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted the properties of these missing elements based on the trends in the table. 14. What are the two elements discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie? RADIUM (Ra) & POLONIUM (Po)  Marie & Pierre Curie They discovered the elements radium and polonium in 1898 and pioneered research on radioactivity. The Curies' work laid the foundation for the field of nuclear physics and had profound implications for medical science, leading to the development of radiography for medical diagnostics. 15. It refers to the set of ideas, attitudes, images, and phenomena that are spread to a large audience through various forms of communication, such as media, advertising, and popular entertainment. MASS CULTURE Mass Culture It refers to the set of ideas, attitudes, images, and phenomena that are spread to a large audience through various forms of communication, such as media, advertising, and popular entertainment. In summary: INVENTIONS THEORIES Bell: telephone, metal detector, Pasteur – pasteurization process audiometer, photophone, and Lister - disinfection graphophone Koch – anthrax, tuberculosis, Edison: carbon transmitter cholera (telephone), light bulb, movie Darwin – Theory of Evolution camera and viewer, and alkaline Mendel - Gene Theory storage battery Dalton – Atomic Theory/Model Marconi: wireless telegraph or radio Dmitri Mendeleev – Periodic Table Ford: automobile with Marie and Pierre Curie –radium interchangeable parts and polonium, research on Wright Bros: flying machine radioactivity MASS CULTURE References § Lid-ayan, Z.B. (2022). 19th Century Progress. [PowerPoint slides]. Philippine Science High School-Ilocos Region Campus. § Galong, K. R. (2020). Learning Guides 2.1-2.3 – 19th Century Science & Technology. Philippine Science High School System. § Beck, R. et al. (2014). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Orlando, FL: Holt McDougal/ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. § Ramirez, S., Sterans, P. & Wineburg A. (2008). World History: Human Legacy (Modern Era). Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Prepared by: Approved by: DARIGOLD P. APOPO JOHN OSIAS D. JACABAN Subject Teacher Academic Unit Head