SLG SS3 2.2 Theories and Principles in the 19th Century PDF

SOCIAL SCIENCE 3 19th Century Science and Technology | MODULE 2 LESSON 2.2 At the end of this module, you will be able to: identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century....

SOCIAL SCIENCE 3 19th Century Science and Technology | MODULE 2 LESSON 2.2 At the end of this module, you will be able to: identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century. Suggested Time: 1 min | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) In the previous module, you have learned about the innovations in the 19th century. As a review, let us play word search. Find the innovations that you’ve learned in the last module and encircle the words that you could find. There are 5 words in this word search. (non-graded) P H O N O G R A P H M O G R A M A H R A L D R P A B D I D F I E L L E B I L T O T E L E P H O N E D G L T U E O P L N T H M O D E L T H M L B U L L E M D O L M O L I G H T B U L B L U B G O L G R Y H Suggested Time: 5 mins. | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 1 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Theories and Principles in the 19th Century The 19th century was not only filled with inventions, it was also a period for theory-creation that impacts the fields of transportation, medicine and science. In the next paragraphs we will know about the people behind the theories and principles that made flying, pasteurization, immunization, and creation of genetically modified organisms possible. Gasoline-powered flying machine Wilbur and Orville Wright or the Wright Brothers were considered as pioneers of aviation for they were the ones who made the first gasoline-powered flying machine (Beck, et.al., 2012). Though the flight lasted for just 59 seconds, it was still a breakthrough in the aircraft industry for it showed that man can fly in a machine that is heavier-than-air. Germ Theory of Disease, Pasteurization The Germ Theory of Disease explains that diseases are caused by the invasion of microorganisms of the human body. Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch are some of the scientists given credit for this theory. Louis Pasteur further discovered this theory by claiming that bacteria or microorganisms can be killed by heat. This led to the development of the pasteurization process. This process is used to kill germs found in milk. The Germ theory was also used by Joseph Lister when he was looking for reasons behind the death of surgery patients. He found out that wounds and wards have to be disinfected to save lives. The importance of disinfection is still emphasized today as the world tries to stop the spread of COVID-19. It is not only applied in hospitals but also in households and in other industries. Additionally, Robert Koch’s identification of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and cholera led to developments of vaccines and medicines to treat bacterial and viral infections. Health organizations even made it mandatory for children to be immunized as a way to stop the spread of certain diseases. Today, nations are in the race to find the vaccine or a cure for people infected by COVID-19. PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 2 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin proposed that all forms of life are evolutions of earlier life forms that existed millions of years ago (Beck, et.al., 2012, p. 765). In his book entitled “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,” he explained that population grows multiplies faster than the rate of increase of food supply; thus, they have to evolve in order to survive, as they say, only the fittest will survive. This theory is popularly known as the theory of evolution. As people read and interpreted his theory, the concept of Social Darwinism emerged. It is the belief that specific groups of people are innately more capable and better than others. This theory was used to justify racism, slavery, imperialism and even Hitler’s view that the Aryan race is superior. Gene Theory The Gene theory by Gregor Mendel states that traits can be passed on from parents to offspring through genetic transmission (Bailey, 2017). This theory is now used in experimental breeding used in commerce for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It is also used to identify abnormal chromosome pairing such as in Down syndrome (Winchester, 2020). Atomic Theory John Dalton theorized that all matter is composed of atoms (Beck, Black, Naylor, & Shabaka, 2012, p. 765). This theory is used to explain how compounds are formed which laid the foundation for Atomic Chemistry. This is also used in Atomic Physics leading to the creation of the electron microscopes and lasers. Sadly, this same principle was used for the production of the destructive atomic bomb and other nuclear weapons. As you can see, 19th century theories have both positive and negative effects. These can help humans see minute details such as atoms and genes but can also be a means for people to have greed for profit. These can make travel more convenient and faster but can also speed up imperialism. Is science really boon or bane? Suggested Time: 15 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 3 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Now, it is time to do some reflective thinking. Among the theories or principles presented in this module, which do you think had the most impact in our lives today? Briefly explain your answer. Be guided by the rubric for grading. (This is a graded assessment worth 12 pts.) _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Suggested Time: 8 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) Rubric for grading: Criteria 6 - Excellent 3-5 Satisfactory 1-2 Poor Content Context is well-developed; Ideas There is an evidence of a The context is not clear. are well-supported and are developed context but there is a Ideas may have accurate and relevant. need to add more details for a questionable factuality. strong support. Confusion of the reader is a possible outcome. 3 - Excellent 2 - Satisfactory 1 - Poor Organization of There is an evidence of clear, Ideas are organized. However, Coherence between ideas Ideas effective, graceful, coherent minimal inclusions of irrelevant is not evident. The reader transition of ideas in the essay. ideas are evident. They do not may find difficulty in The organization aids the reader affect the essence of the essay. understanding the to clearly and easily understand collective thought of the the connections of the ideas to essay. each other. 3 - Excellent 2 - Satisfactory 1 - Poor Syntax The structure and the use of Minimal distractions in regard to Distractions in regard to words, punctuations, and syntax are present i.e. failure to syntax is very evident. capitalizations in the sentence/s capitalize a letter, misuse or lack of Wrong use of words, are correct and appropriate. punctuations in a sentence, and punctuations, and inappropriate wording. But these capitalizations hinder the distractions do not affect the reader to understand the essence of the essay. thought/s. Credit: Sir Erin Dela Cruz, Soc Sci Teacher, PSHS Main Campus PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 4 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. The theories and principles in the 19th century are still being used and studied up to this day. For example, scientists and medical practitioners continue to emphasize the importance of maintaining a clean home, work place, and environment to prevent the spread of diseases. They, too, continue to find solutions to solve societal problems through research. As scholars of this country and as learners of this world, let us try to contribute to nation-building and come up with research projects and innovations that can bring positive changes to the community. PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 5 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. References: Bailey, R. (2017, March 6). Gene Theory. Retrieved from ThoughtCo.: https://www.thoughtco.com/gene-theory-373466 Beck, R. B., Black, L., Naylor, P., & Shabaka, D. (2012). World History. Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, September 10). Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution Winchester, A. (2020, May 15). Genetics. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/genetics/The-work-of-Mendel *Lay-out and Design of Learning Guide Credit: Nneka B. Evangelista, SS 5 Teacher, PSHS- CALABARZON Campus Prepared by: Reviewed by: sgd Krystel Marisse R. Galong Ma. Donna S. Rebong Social Science Teacher Social Science Teacher PSHS – CARC PSHS – Main Campus PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 6 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.