19th Century Innovations PDF

SOCIAL SCIENCE 3 19th Century Science and Technology | MODULE 2 LESSON 2.1 At the end of this module, you will be able to: identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century....

SOCIAL SCIENCE 3 19th Century Science and Technology | MODULE 2 LESSON 2.1 At the end of this module, you will be able to: identify the positive and negative effects of advancements in Science and Technology in the 19th century. Suggested Time: 1 min | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) Industrial Revolution is characterized by the change from an agricultural driven economy to an economy dominated by industries and manufacturing (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2020). This shift happened as wealthy landowners in England began to purchase small farm lands and developed these using new farming methods. Meanwhile, inventions such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and power loom contributed in the development of the textile industry. Additionally, the steam engine and railroads paved the way for the faster transportation of raw materials. These changes contributed to the birth of the age of machine-driven industries that affected the lives of the people in the past and continues to impact our lives today. Can you name some advancements in Science and Technology that you enjoy using today? What benefits do you get from using those products or innovations? What do you think are the downside of using them? Suggested Time: 5 mins. | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 1 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Inventions in the 19th Century Much of the things that we enjoy today were improved versions of creations in the past.. For example, the cellular phones that we currently use started with the ideas about the transmission of sound. In the succeeding paragraphs you will learn more about the inventions in the 19 th century that changed the way people communicate and travel. Telephone The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. He is a Scottish-born American who worked as a teacher for the deaf. He is passionate about sound technology because both his wife and mother are deaf. There may be controversies as to who the real first inventor of the telephone was but it was Alexander Graham Bell who had the first patented telephone (History.com Editors, 2019). In 1877, the Bell Telephone Company was established. It is now known as AT&T. In 1880, Bell used the cash that he received from winning the French Volta Prize to establish the Volta Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Aside from the telephone, Bell invented other helpful tools like the metal detector which was initially used to find the bullet that hit President James Garfield and the audiometer used to detect hearing problems. In addition, he made the photophone and the graphophone. The photophone is a device that transmits speech in a beam of light while the graphophone was a better version of the phonograph for it can record and play back sound. Another inventor of this period, is Thomas Edison. In 1877, he worked on the creation of the carbon transmitter which was used to improve the telephone. With the use of this device, voices were transmitted with higher volumes and improved clarity. His exposure on the improvements of the telephone enabled him to invent the phonograph. This invention records sound as indentations on a sheet of paraffin-coated paper, as the paper moved beneath a stylus, sounds were reproduced (History.com, 2019). Aside from these inventions, he also built a laboratory at Menlo Park in New Jersey. This served as his invention factory. In addition to the telephone and phonograph, he also invented the light bulb, movie camera and viewer, and alkaline storage battery. PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 2 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Photo of Edison with cylinder phonograph in 1878 SOURCE: Edison, Thomas A. 1878. "Edison with Cylinder Phonograph; Washington, DC; April 18, 1878." Photo courtesy of U. S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/edison/aa_edison_phonograph_1_e.html Radio Guglielmo Marconi invented the first radio using the discoveries about electromagnetic waves. This device is used to transmit information through the air. This is now used as a standard equipment for faster communication of ships across the sea. First Radio Source: Guglielmo Marconi’s first radio transmitter (1895). Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 3 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Automobile with Interchangeable parts Henry Ford designed an affordable automobile with interchangeable parts. These were built in an assembly line. An assembly line is a line of workers that put a specific part of a car as it moved on a moving belt (Beck, et.al., 2012). It starts with an analysis of the steps needed to manufacture a product. Each worker is then assigned to perform a specific task repeatedly; he or she does not need to know how the other parts will be created. This simplifies and hastens the production process. The 1909 Model T Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica. Model T. Photo courtesy of the Ford Motor Company. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/technology/Model-T#/media/1/387041/110244. Ford is also famous for the Model T automobile designed in 1908. Because this was affordable and more practical, 15 million units of this model were produced in Detroit and Michigan. The existence of assembly lines allowed for a lower cost of production that it can even be sold 40 percent lower than the other cars sold in the United States in the 1900s. As you can see, 19th century progress and innovations have both positive and negative effects. These can lighten the burden of workers but can also be used to justify maltreatment. These can lighten up the mood but can also be a means to spread fake news. These all depends on how people use these products. Suggested Time: 15 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 4 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Now, it is time to do some reflective thinking. How do you think will the world look like if the inventions of the 19 th century were not created? (non-graded) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Suggested Time: 5 mins | Actual Time Spent: ____min(s) “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction,” this Law of Motion by Isaac Newton can be applied not only in Physics but also in understanding our world. Truly, every decision has its advantages and disadvantages, and every innovation has its pros and cons. Thus, it is important that every time we create an output, an innovation, or an invention, we do our best to minimize their possible negative effects. We should also keep in mind that the positive and negative effects of the advancements in Science and Technology lie in the hands of the users. PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 5 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. References: Beck, R. B., Black, L., Naylor, P., & Shabaka, D. (2012). World History. Florida: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. History.com. (2019, June 6). Thomas Edison. Retrieved from History.com: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison History.com Editors. (2019, November 30). Alexander Graham Bell. Retrieved from History.com: https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/alexander-graham-bell Josephson, M., & Conot, R. E. (2020, February 7). Thomas Edison. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edison The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, September 10). Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution *Lay-out and Design of Learning Guide Credit: Nneka B. Evangelista, SS 5 Teacher, PSHS- CALABARZON Campus Prepared by: Reviewed by: sgd Krystel Marisse R. Galong Ma. Donna S. Rebong Social Science Teacher Social Science Teacher PSHS – CARC PSHS – Main Campus PSHS Social Science 3: World History 2 | Page 6 of 6 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.