Cerebrum: From The Telencephalon (11th Edition)

**Cerebrum: from the telencephalon** ==================================== conscious thought, intellect, memory, 5 senses 2 hemispheres-connected by corpus callosum , anterior commisure and septum pellucidum (ventricles) separated by dura mater (falx cerebri) gyri = increase surface area; grey ma...

**Cerebrum: from the telencephalon** ==================================== conscious thought, intellect, memory, 5 senses 2 hemispheres-connected by corpus callosum , anterior commisure and septum pellucidum (ventricles) separated by dura mater (falx cerebri) gyri = increase surface area; grey matter (cell bodies) sulcus-groove: landmarks-central and lateral fissure-deep divide-landmarks-longitudinal and transverse Lobes named for bone under-boundaries (p. 487) Frontal-lateral & central sulci; pre-central gyrus Parietal-central sulcus; post-central gyrus Temporal-lateral sulcus Occipital-no distinct boundary Insula-deep (internal) within lateral sulcus (p. 487 c) p\. 490 table 14-3 fxn of each anatomic region Cortex-grey-about 75% of all cell bodies (p. 489) Deeper-white matter-axons, myelinated Deeper-basal nuclei-bodies of grey matter surrounded by white matter crossover of motor and sensory info; ea. hemisphere has diff fxns; boundaries of function are indistinct Fibers connecting cerebrum to: (p. 488) A\) it\'s own hemisphere = Association 1\) arcuate-gyri to gyri 2\) fascicule-lobe to lobe B\) other hemisphere = Commisural 1\) corpus callosum (larger) 2\) anterior commisure C\) brainstem, cerebellum & spinal cord = Projection **Basal Nuclei** (p. 489) \[remember: inhibited by dopamine from substantia nigra\] remember: nuclei are cell bodies; this is grey matter surrounded by white matter (myelinated axons) A\) caudate nucleus B\) lentiform nucleus fxn: subconscious control of muscles, general pattern of movements; works with cerebellum; inhibits antagonist muscles w/ substantia nigra (i.e., flex bicep must inhibit flexing of tricep; refines by inhibition) **Motor area-**[pre-central gyrus] = **primary** motor cortex (p. 486) \[this is in the frontal lobe\] ex. motor speech-tongue, mouth, larynx muscles ex. frontal eye field-eyes and lids ex. writing-hand & finger control **Sensory area**-[post-central gyrus]-**primary** somatosensory cortex (**somatic** senses: touch, pressure, pain, temp, vibration-these are all sensed in the **skin**) \[this is in the parietal lobe\] \+ occipital lobe: vision \+ temporal lobe: hearing \+ lateral sulcus, deep-posterior = smell \+ lateral sulcus, deep-superior = taste **Association areas**: multiple lobes-usually near sensory region of same function interpretation of info from sensory areas; Monitor and interpret information arriving at the sensory areas of the cortex 1. [Somatic] **sensory**-(monitors primary sensory cortex)-can tell it\'s a mosquito landing, not a cat 2. [Visual] **sensory**-recognizes C, A, and R = car 3. [Auditory] **sensory**-word recognition-understand that car = car not cat a. also word choice for expression 4. [Somatic] **motor** (aka premotor cortex)-**coordination** of learned movements; works with cerebellum *relays information to the primary motor cortex* **Integrative areas**-get info from many **Association areas** and [direct complex motor activity] language-speech, reading, writing intellect-verbal, analytical and computational skills right brain then used for analyzing sensory info, emotions, spatial visualization 1. General Interpretive area-primary role in complex thought-info from ALL Association areas 2. Speech Center-muscles involved + auditory feedback 3. Pre-frontal cortex-conscience-concentration, planning, judging consequences (also where frustration, anxiety and tension from) EEG-(p. 494) alpha waves-awake, resting adults; beta waves-concentrating adults; theta waves-kids and frustrated adults; delta waves-sleep