Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy of Nervous System-1 PDF

Chapter 2 Functional Anatomy of Nervous System-1 Central Nervous system Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings...

Chapter 2 Functional Anatomy of Nervous System-1 Central Nervous system Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Central Nervous System (CNS) ▪ CNS develops from the embryonic neural tube ▪ The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord ▪ The opening of the neural tube becomes the ventricles ▪ Four chambers within the brain ▪ Filled with cerebrospinal fluid Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Central Nervous System (CNS) Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  The Brain Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain ▪ Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) ▪ Diencephalon ▪ Brain stem ▪ Cerebellum Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum ▪ Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) ▪ Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain ▪ Includes more than half of the brain mass ▪ The surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) ▪ Lobes of the cerebrum ▪ Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes ▪ Surface lobes of the cerebrum ▪ Frontal lobe ▪ Parietal lobe ▪ Occipital lobe ▪ Temporal lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Cerebrum Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Cerebrum Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Frontal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Parietal Lobe * perception, mental state, Beliefs, desires and intent Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Occipital Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Occipital Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Occipital Lobe *Assessing distance, size, depth, assigning meanings and guide appropriate motor and linguistic responses. Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Occipital Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Comprehend meaningful speech and language Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Temporal Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Insular Cortex Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Insular Cortex *Taste reception, pain perception, speech production, secret emotions, emotional self awareness, compassion, empathy, consciousness and body homeostasis Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Limbic Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Limbic Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Limbic Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Limbic Lobe Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Lobe Tricks Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Amygdala Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Amygdala-Functions ▪ Autonomic responses associated with threat (Flight or Fight response) ▪ Processing and consolidating memory ▪ Emotional responses ▪ Hormone secretion ▪ Early warning system ▪ Trigger body responses Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum ▪ Layers of the cerebrum ▪ Gray matter—outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies ▪ White matter—fiber tracts deep to the gray matter ▪ Corpus callosum connects hemispheres ▪ Basal nuclei—islands of gray matter buried within the white matter Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon ▪ Sits on top of the brain stem ▪ Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres ▪ Made of three parts ▪ Thalamus ▪ Hypothalamus ▪ Epithalamus Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon The relay station for sensory impulses Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon ▪ Thalamus ▪ Surrounds the third ventricle ▪ The relay station for sensory impulses ▪ Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon ▪ Hypothalamus ▪ Under the thalamus ▪ Important autonomic nervous system center ▪ Helps regulate body temperature ▪ Controls water balance ▪ Regulates metabolism ▪ An important part of the limbic system (emotions) ▪ The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad  Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon ▪ Epithalamus ▪ Forms the roof of the third ventricle ▪ Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland) ▪ Includes the choroid plexus—forms cerebrospinal fluid Introduction to Neuroscience BIOM 260 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dr. Khalid Muhammad