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Questions and Answers
The ______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for conscious thought, intellect, memory, and the five senses.
The ______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for conscious thought, intellect, memory, and the five senses.
cerebrum
What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus callosum
The surface area of the cerebrum is increased by folds called gyri.
The surface area of the cerebrum is increased by folds called gyri.
True
What are the deep grooves in the cerebrum called?
What are the deep grooves in the cerebrum called?
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Which lobe of the brain is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?
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Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, and temperature?
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, and temperature?
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Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of visual stimuli?
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of visual stimuli?
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Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli?
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli?
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What type of matter makes up about 75% of the cell bodies in the cortex?
What type of matter makes up about 75% of the cell bodies in the cortex?
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White matter is composed of myelinated axons and is responsible for transmitting information.
White matter is composed of myelinated axons and is responsible for transmitting information.
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What are basal nuclei?
What are basal nuclei?
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Basal nuclei are inhibited by dopamine from the substantia nigra.
Basal nuclei are inhibited by dopamine from the substantia nigra.
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What are the two main types of fibers connecting the cerebrum to other parts of the nervous system?
What are the two main types of fibers connecting the cerebrum to other parts of the nervous system?
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What is the function of association fibers?
What is the function of association fibers?
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What is the function of projection fibers?
What is the function of projection fibers?
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The primary motor cortex is located in the pre-central gyrus.
The primary motor cortex is located in the pre-central gyrus.
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What are the somatic senses?
What are the somatic senses?
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What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
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The primary motor cortex initiates voluntary movements.
The primary motor cortex initiates voluntary movements.
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The primary somatosensory cortex receives sensory information from the skin and muscles.
The primary somatosensory cortex receives sensory information from the skin and muscles.
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What are association areas?
What are association areas?
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Association areas are responsible for coordinating motor responses to sensory information.
Association areas are responsible for coordinating motor responses to sensory information.
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The somatic sensory cortex can distinguish between a mosquito landing and a cat.
The somatic sensory cortex can distinguish between a mosquito landing and a cat.
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The visual sensory cortex recognizes letters and understands words.
The visual sensory cortex recognizes letters and understands words.
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The auditory sensory cortex can make a distinction between the sounds of "car" and "cat."
The auditory sensory cortex can make a distinction between the sounds of "car" and "cat."
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What is the function of the premotor cortex?
What is the function of the premotor cortex?
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The premotor cortex stores patterns of learned movements.
The premotor cortex stores patterns of learned movements.
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
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The cerebellum works with the primary motor cortex to initiate and control voluntary movements.
The cerebellum works with the primary motor cortex to initiate and control voluntary movements.
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People with a dominant left brain are usually right-handed.
People with a dominant left brain are usually right-handed.
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What is the role of the general interpretive area of the brain?
What is the role of the general interpretive area of the brain?
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What is the function of the speech center in the brain?
What is the function of the speech center in the brain?
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The prefrontal cortex is involved in feelings of frustration, anxiety, and tension.
The prefrontal cortex is involved in feelings of frustration, anxiety, and tension.
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What are alpha brainwaves?
What are alpha brainwaves?
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Study Notes
Cerebrum
- Conscious thought, intellect, memory, 5 senses
- 2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and septum pellucidum (ventricles)
- Separated by dura mater (falx cerebri)
- Gyri increase surface area; grey matter (cell bodies)
- Sulci-grooves; landmarks-central and lateral
- Fissures-deep divides; landmarks-longitudinal and transverse
- Lobes named after bone under-boundaries
- Frontal-lateral and central sulci; precentral gyrus
- Parietal-central sulcus; postcentral gyrus
- Temporal-lateral sulcus
- Occipital-no distinct boundary
- Insula-deep (internal) within lateral sulcus
- Table 14-3 shows function of each anatomical region (p. 490)
- Cortex-grey matter, about 75% of all cell bodies (p. 489)
- Deeper white matter-axons, myelinated
- Deeper basal nuclei-grey matter surrounded by white matter
- Fibers connecting cerebrum to itself, other hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord (p. 488)
- Association fibers to itself (arcuate gyri to gyri; fascicle to lobes)
- Commisural fibers to other hemisphere (corpus callosum, anterior commissure)
- Projection fibers to brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
- Basal Nuclei (p. 489):
- Inhibited by dopamine from substantia nigra
- Nuclei are cell bodies
- Caudate nucleus
- Lentiform nucleus
Motor Area
- Pre-central gyrus = primary motor cortex (p. 486)
- Motor speech (tongue, mouth, larynx muscles)
- Frontal eye field (eyes and lids)
- Writing, hand, and finger control
- Involved in subconscious control of muscles, general movements, works with cerebellum, inhibits antagonist muscles
Sensory Area
- Post-central gyrus = primary somatosensory cortex (somatic senses: touch, pressure, pain, vibration) (in parietal lobe)
- Sensory input- occipital (vision), temporal (hearing), lateral sulcus (smell, taste)
- Sensory areas coordinate motor responses
Association Areas
- Multiple lobes, typically near sensory areas
- Interpret sensory information, coordinate motor response
Additional Information
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Monitor sensory information (e.g. somatic, visual, auditory)
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Relays information to and coordinates learned movements with cerebellum (premotor cortex), store patterns, used for complex motor activity
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Lateralization: Left brain (language, speech, reading, writing, analytical, computational skills) is dominant in most people
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Right brain is used for analyzing sensory info, emotions, spatial visualization.
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General Interpretive area primary role in complex thought.
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Pre-frontal cortex involved in conscience, concentration, planning, judging consequences, frustration, anxiety, and tension.
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EEG (electroencephalogram)
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Brain waves- alpha (awake, resting), beta (concentrating), theta (kids, frustrated), delta (sleep)
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