Neuroscience I - ANA6104 PDF

ANA6104 Neuroscience I Maria Thomadaki, DC [email protected] ACA3 Room 104 Central Nervous System • Cerebrum • Diencephalon • Cerebellum • Brainstem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla Oblongata • Spinal cord • The central nervous system is surrounded by three connective tissue membran...

ANA6104 Neuroscience I Maria Thomadaki, DC [email protected] ACA3 Room 104 Central Nervous System • Cerebrum • Diencephalon • Cerebellum • Brainstem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla Oblongata • Spinal cord • The central nervous system is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes called meninges. • From inside out they are: pia mater, arachnoid mater (leptomeninges), and dura mater (pachymeninx). • Cranial dura is a double layer and the spinal dura is continuous with the inner cranial dura. • The space between pia and arachnoid maters is called subarachnoid space and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. • The space between arachnoid and dura maters is called subdural space and like the epidural space (space outside the dura) is a potential space. Peripheral Nervous System • The components of the PNS are the processes of the CNS, and they form the cranial nerves (associated with the brainstem) and spinal nerves (associated with the spinal cord). • Each myelinated neuron is covered by a connective tissue layer called the endoneurium. Groups of nerve fibers form fascicles which are covered by perineurium. Fascicles bound together form a nerve which is covered by epineurium. Somatic Nervous System • The term somatic refers to skin, skeletal muscle and bone. • There is somatic afferent (sensory) information that is gathered by receptors throughout the aforementioned tissues in the body and send to the brain for analysis. • There is somatic efferent (motor) information that is sent from the brain to skeletal muscle for movement. Visceral Nervous System • The term visceral pertains to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and organs. • Visceral afferent information is gathered by receptors throughout these tissues and sent to the brain for analysis. • Visceral efferent information is disseminated through the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems.