Family And Early Adversity PDF
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This document discusses various aspects of family dynamics in early childhood development, and explores theories and research on these topics, including parental investment strategies, the impact of institutional care experiences on developmental outcomes, and the influence of the family environment on child development.
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Precocial Altricial “Hospitalism” (Rene Spitz, 1945) Wasting disease characterized by retarded physical development, and disruption of perceptual-motor skills and language due to lack of social contact Isolation: Abnormal behavior Death § Environmental manipulations (handling, maternal separation, h...
Precocial Altricial “Hospitalism” (Rene Spitz, 1945) Wasting disease characterized by retarded physical development, and disruption of perceptual-motor skills and language due to lack of social contact Isolation: Abnormal behavior Death § Environmental manipulations (handling, maternal separation, high and low quality of care) can alter development of stress-regulatory processes (in rats) (Feneglio et al., 2006; Avishai-Eliner et al., 2001; Plotsky et al., 2005; Moriceau & Sullivan, 2004; Caldji et al., 2000; Champagne et al., 2008; Plotsky et al., 2005) Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis *Presence of caregiver moderates the effects of stress hormones § Behavior (Caldji et al., 1998; Nelson et al., 2002; Rosenblum; 2001) §Emotional reactivity § Stress reactivity § Increased fearful behavior § Increased sensitivity to negative information (Dalgleish et al., 2001) § Increased anxious behavior (Vyas & Chattarji, 2004) §Odd social behavior § Humans: § Intimate relationships (O’Connor et al., 2003) § Peer friendships (Hodges & Tizard, 1989) § Quarrelsome § Less often liked § Less likely to have a special friend § These effects persist into adulthood (Plotsky et al, 2001) Measure Event Age Previously Institutionalized (PI) Youth § PI: internationally adopted children (institutional care) & now living with families § placed in orphanage within 1st year § Majority (80%) adopted within 1st 2 years § Mean time in orphanage = 15.3 months (SD = 10.6) § Comparison group (sex, age group matched) History of Maternal Deprivation associated with Heightened Stress Reactivity PI Comparison Early adversity associated with greater anxiety/more internalizing problems CBCL Casey*, Glatt*, Tottenham* et al., 2009 Early adversity associated with larger amygdala volumes ** Tottenham, Hare, Quinn et al., 2009 F(1,33) = 8.37, p
